1. table of hits literature review - aalborg...

1. Table of hits – Literature Review

HITS

Scopus Web of Science

PubMed Science Direct

Criteria

*Common criteria: year (2004 - 2014)

Article, tittle, key-words, abstract

Topic Tittle, abstract

All fields

S1 339 81 29 370

S3 232 45 12 73

S6 559 85 24 413

Total 930 211 65 856

2. Tables articles´ summary – Literature Review

1

-

Item / no.

Title Names &

year Aim research Location Age Methods / Design

SCO-S3-212 SCI-S1-7 SCI-S3-5 SCI-S6-1 SCO-S1-283

Effects of intentionally enhanced chocolate on mood.

Dean Radin, Gail Hayssen, James Walsh. 2007

Investigate whether chocolate exposed to “good intentions” would enhance mood more than unexposed chocolate.

USA? ? Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled experiment. Record the mood each day for a week. Profile of Mood States. Self-report questionnaire.

Sample size

Outcome 1/2/3?

Reason for 1/2/3?

In/Ex?

Reason for in/ex?

62 Stratified random sampling.

3 Chocolate is the most craved food. Mood. The intention in each case was that people who ate the chocolate would experience an enhanced sense of energy, vigor and well-being.

IN The mood-elevating properties of chocolate can be enhanced with intention.

*Most participants lived in the same geographic region to reduce mood variation due to changes in weather. The mood-elevating properties of chocolate can be enhanced with intention.

2

-

Item / no.

Title Names &

year Aim research Location Age Methods / Design

SCI-S6-2 SCI-S1-14

Chocolate craving and disordered eating. Beyond the gender divide?

Julia M. Hormes, Natalia C. Orloff, C. Alix Timko. 2013 - 2014

This study was designed to systematically assess the impact of gender and chocolate craving on measures of attitudes to chocolate, responsiveness to food cues in the environment, body shape dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, and eating disorder and general pathology.

USA M=19.40 SD=2.54

Self-report questionnaires assessing demographics, height and weight, food cravings, dietary attitudes and behaviors, along with eating disorder and general pathology.

Sample size

Outcome 1/2/3?

Reason for 1/2/3?

In/Ex?

Reason for in/ex?

645 37.2% male

3 Compared to non-cravers, male chocolate cravers reported significantly more guilt related to craving, but were significantly less likely to diet and reported lower levels of dietary restraint, less frequent weight fluctuations, and fewer symptoms of eating disorders.

IN Sample. Relation W - M

3. Information articles included and excluded – Literature Review

AGE

M+W/Mean S1 S3 S6 S1 S3 S6 S1 S3 S6 S1 S3 S6

PUB-S1 24 Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adultsBrian Buijse 2010 Germany40-65 35-65 10904 + 16644 1 x 24 182 49

PUB-S1 30 Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trialKarin Ried 2009 Australia 48, 51, 57 25 1 x 30 224 161 237 58 37 58

PUB-S1 31 Clinical benefit and preservation of flavanols in dark chocolate manufacturingAndrew McShea2008 USA - - 1 x 31 245 63

PUB-S1 34 Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterolRobin Allen 2008 USA 24-70 49 1 x 34 264 34

PUB-S3 21 The attitudes to chocolate questionnaire: Psychometric properties nd relatinship to dimensions of eatingJochen Müller2007 Germany24.2, 23 231 + 106 3 x 21 191 273 42 65

PUB-S6 18 The italian version of the attitudes to chocolate questionnaire: a validation study- - - - - - x 18 164 184

PUB-S6 19 Consumption of cocoaflavanolsresults in an acute improvement in visual and cognitive functionsDavid Field 2011 UK 18-25 30 1 x 19 171 40

PUB-S6 21 Mood Food. Chocolate anddepressive symptonsin a cross-sectional analysisNatalie Rose 2010 USA 20-85 931 3 x 21 207 52

PUB-S6 26 Comparison of the effects of a liquid yogurt and chocolate bars on satiety: a multidimensional approachDidier Chapelot2011 France 20.8 18 3 x 26 211

PUB-S6 30 Interactive effects of emotional and restrained eating on responses to chocolate and affectMichael Macht2007 Germany24.3 109 3 x 30 201 279 45 70

SCI-S1 1 Theobroma cacao L., the food of the gods: A scientific approach beyond myths and claimsM. Rusconi 2009 Switzerland- - 1 x 1

SCI-S1 2 The impact of chocolate on cardiovascular healthL.Fernández 2011 Spain - - 1 x 2

SCI-S1 4 The influence of dried fruits enrichment on sensory properties of bitter and milk chocolate and bioactive content of theri extracts affected by different solventsDraženka Komes2010 Croatia - - 1 x 4 3

SCI-S1 7 Effects of intentionally enhanced chocolate on moodDean Radin 2007 USA - 62 3 x 7 5 1 283 212

SCI-S1 10 Chocolate intake and diabetes riskJames A. Greenberg2013 USA 45-64 7802 1 x 10

SCI-S1 11 Assessing the shapes and speech sounds that people associate with chocolate samples varying in cocoa contentMary Kim Ngo2011 UK 16 - 52 22 + 19 + 21 2 x 11

SCI-S1 14 Chocolate craving and disordered eating. Beyond the gender divide?Julia M. Hornes2014 USA 19.4 645 3 x 14 2

SCI-S1 15 The stereochemical configuration of flavanols influences the level and metabolism of flavanols in humans and their biological activity in vivoJavier I. Ottaviani2010 USA 18-35 7 1 x 15

SCI-S1 16 Death by chocolate - is it possible?Claire Ainsworth2007 UK - - - x 16

SCI-S1 19 Effect of consumption of dark chocolate on oxidative stress in lipoproteins and platelets in women and in menL. Nanetti 2011 Italy 28-45 25 + 25 1 x 19

SCI-S1 20 Desire lies in the eyes: Attention bias for chocolate is related to craing and self-endorsed eating permissionJessica Werthmann2013 Netherlands- 80 3 x 20 31 45

SCI-S1 21 Chocolate and red wine - A comparison betwwen flavonoids contentFernanda Araujo2008 Brazil - - 1 x 21 187 51

SCI-S1 24 Rx: Chocolate Roberta Lee 2005 - - - 1 x 24

SCI-S1 32 Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adultsValentine Yanchou Njike2009 USA 52.5, 52.2, 51.9 44 1 x 32 36

SCI-S3 3 The influence of dried fruits enrichment on sensory properties of bitter and milk chocolate and bioactive content of their extracts affected by different solventsDraženka Komes2010 Croatia - - 1 x 4 3


SCI-S3 10 A reduced-calorie dietary pattern including a daily sweet snack promotes body weight reduction and body composition improvements in premenopausal women who are overweight and obese: A pilot studyKathryn E. Piehowsky2011 USA 25-45 26 1 x 10


SCI-S6 2 Chocolate craving and disordered eating. Beyond the gender divide?Julia M. Hornes2014 USA 19.4 645 3 x 14 2

SCO-S1 1 Effects of bioactive constituents in funcional cocoa products on cardiovascular health in humansBeatriz Sarria 2014 Spain 18-55 44 1 x 1

SCO-S1 11 Realistic intake of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product increases HDL-cholesterol without inducin anthropometric changes in healthy and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjectsSara Martínez-López2013 Spain 18-55 44 1 x 11

SCO-S1 13 Regular consumption of a cocoa product improves the cardiometabolic profile in healthy and moderately hyper-choleterolemic adultsBeatriz Sarria 2013 Spain 18-55 44 1 x 13 9 6

SCO-S1 17 The associations between emotional eating and consumption of energy-dense snack foods are modified by sex and depressive symptomatologyGéraldine M. Camilleri2014 France <18 30240 3 x 17

SCO-S1 43 The effects of different concentration of cocoa in the chocolate intake by the mother on fetal heart rateGiorgia Buscicchio2013 Italy 34 100 1 x 43

SCO-S1 57 Tolerance for high flavanol cocoa powder in semisweet chocolateMeriel Harwood2013 USA 18-45 99 2 x 57 46

SCO-S1 59 Effect of cocoa and theobromine consumption on serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations: a randomized controlled trialNicole Neufingerl2013 France 40-70 143 1 x 59

SCO-S1 68 Cocoa consumption reduces NF-ƙB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in humansM. Vázquez-Agell2011 Spain 19-49 18 1 x 68

SCI SCO WEB LOCATION SAMPLE SIZE OUTCOME NUMBER IN EX

PUBFOUND IN ID TITLE FIRST AUTHORYEAR

SCO-S1 74 Mixed selection. Effects of body images, dietary restraint, and persuasive messages on female´s orientations towards chocolateKevin Durkin 2012 UK 21.76 80 3 x 74 67 87

SCO-S1 78 Influence of sugar type on the bioavailability of cocoa flavanolsAna Rodriguez-Mateos2012 UK 26.9 15 1 x 78 71 92

SCO-S1 79 Safety and dietary effectiveness of new diabetic chocolates in case of overweight and obesity- - - - - - x 79 93

SCO-S1 80 Specific dietary preferences are linked to differing gut microbial metabolic activity in response to dark chocolate intakeFrançois-Pierre Martin2012 Switzerland20-50 20 1 x 80 72

SCO-S1 87 Perceived stress and stress-correlated parametersG. Tomei 2012 Italy 46, 41.1 480 3 x 87

SCO-S1 90 Food cravings and food cue responding across the menstrual cycle in a non-eating disordered sampleMegan Apperson McVay2012 USA 18-38 35 3 x 90

SCO-S1 102 Chocolate consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the NHLBI family heart studyOluwabunmi A. Tokede2012 USA 50 4098 1 x 102 109

SCO-S1 112 The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of dark chocolate consumption as prevention therapy in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease: best case scenario analysis using a Markov modelElla Zomer 2012 Australia 53.6 2013 1 x 112

SCO-S1 116 The effects of maternal caffeine and chocolate intake on fetal heart rateGiorgia Buscicchio2011 Italy 31 50 1 x 116

SCO-S1 131 Neurotic depression and chocolate among female medical students at college of medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwara, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaNajlaa Abdul 2011 Saudi Arabia21.6 295 3 x 131

SCO-S1 140 All cravings are not created equal. Correlates of mentrual versus non-cyclic chocolate cravingJulia Hormes 2011 USA 19.57 97 3 x 140 159 39

SCO-S1 156 Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with prevalent coronary heart disease: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Familiy Heart StudyLuc Djoussé 2010 USA 50 4970 1 x 156

SCO-S1 164 The Italian version of the Attitudes to Chocolate Questionnaire: a validation study- - - - - x 18 164 184 48

SCO-S1 165 Prebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention studyXenofon Tzounis2011 UK 30 22 1 x 165

SCO-S1 177 Chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure. A population-based prospective study of moddle-aged and elderly womenElizabeth Mostolsky2010 Sweden 48-83 31823 1 x 177

SCO-S1 182 Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adultsBrian Buijse 2010 Germany40-65, 35-65 10904 + 16644 1 x 24 182 49

SCO-S1 187 Chocolate and red wine - A comparison betwwen flavonoids contentFernanda Araujo2009 Brazil - - 1 x 21 187 51

SCO-S1 193 Two pack king size chocolate bars. Canwe manage our consumption?W. M. Vermeer2010 Netherlands35 143 - x 193

SCO-S1 205 Metabolic effects of dark chocolate consumption on energy, gut microbiota, and stress-related metabolism in free-living subjectsFrançois-Pierre Martin2009 Switzerland18-35 30 1 x 205 150 224

SCO-S1 207 Beauty from within - - - - - - x 207

SCO-S1 216 Unlocking the benefits of cocoaTaylor C. Wallace- USA - - 1 x 216

SCO-S1 220 Hyperandrogenemia, psychological distress, and food cravings in young womenSiew S. Lim 2009 Australia 17-37 198 3 x 220

SCO-S1 222 Maternal serum theobromine and the development of preeclampsiaMark A. Klebanoff2009 USA <20 to 35˃ 2769 1 x 222

SCO-S1 224 Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trialKarin Ried 2009 Australia 48, 51, 57 25 1 x 30 224 161 237 58 37 58

SCO-S1 232 Cocoa and cardiovascular healthRoberto Corti 2009 Switzerland- - 1 x 232

SCO-S1 240 Dark chocolate effect on platelet activity, C-Reactive protein and lipid profile: A pilot studyMiruais Hamed2008 USA 42 28 1 x 240

SCO-S1 245 Clinical benefit and preservation of flavanols in dark chocolate manufacturingAndrew McShea2008 USA - - 1 x 31 245 63

SCO-S1 249 Regular consumption of dark chocolate is associate with low serum concentrations of C-Reactve protein in a healthy italian populationRomina di Giuseppe2009 Italy 35+ 4849 1 x 249

SCO-S1 250 Cocoa polyphenols and their influence on parameters involved in ex vivo skin restructuringP. Gasser 2008 France 68 1 1 x 250 259

SCO-S1 251 Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolateDavide Grassi 2008 USA 44.8 19 1 x 251

SCO-S1 255 Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: A randomized controlled crossover trialZubaida Faridi2008 USA 53 45 1 x 255

SCO-S1 260 Chocolate consumption in pregnancy and reduced likelihood of preeclampsiaElizabeth W. Triche2008 USA <20 to 35˃ 1943 1 x 260

SCO-S1 263 A double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: clinical findings from a sample of healthy cognitively intact older adultsDavid Crews 2007 USA 60+ 101 1 x 263 66

SCO-S1 264 Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterolRobin Allen 2008 USA 24-70 49 1 x 34 264 34

SCO-S1 269 A clinical trial gone away: the chocolate happiness undergoing more pleasantness studyKevin Chan 2007 Canada - 180 3 x 269 199

SCO-S1 283 Effects of intentionally enhanced chocolate on moodDean Radin 2007 USA - 62 3 x 7 5 1 283 212

SCO-S1 287 Plasma LDL and HDL Cholesterol and Oxidized LDL concentratins are altered in Normo- and hypercholesterolemic humans after intake of different levels of cocoa powderSeigo Baba 2007 Japan 49 160 1 x 287

SCO-S1 297 Cardioprotective effects of chocolate and almod consumption in healthy womenSara B. Kurlandsky2006 USA 43.7 49 1 x 297

SCO-S1 304 Long-term ingestion of high flavanol cocoa provides photoprotection against UV-induced erytherma and improves skin condition in womenUlrike Heinrich2006 Germany18-65 24 1 x 304

SCO-S1 306 Cocoa flavanols and platelet and leukocyte function: Recen in vitro and ex vivo studies in healthy adultsStan Heptinstall2006 UK - 12 1 x 306 77

SCO-S1 307 The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on the fMRI response to a cognitive task in healthy young peopleS. T. Francis 2006 UK 18-30 16 1 x 307 314

SCO-S1 309 Defining and defending "unhealthy"practices - a discourse analysis of chocolate "addicts" accountsRebecca Benford2006 UK 20 5 3 x 309 316

SCO-S1 310 Chocolate and Women´s sexual health: An intriguing correlationAndrea Salonia2006 Italy 35.3 163 1 x 310 317

SCO-S1 315 (-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humansHagen Schroeter2006 USA - - 1 x 315 75

SCO-S1 317 Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy personsDavide Grassi 2005 Italy 33.9 15 1 x 317 324

SCO-S1 324 Chocolate and affairs of the hearthRoger Clemens - USA - - 1 x 324

SCO-S1 325 Review: Health effects of cocoa flavonoidsR. M. Lamuela-Raventós2004 Spain - - 1 x 325 80

SCO- S3 2 Exploring the hedonic and incentive properties in preferences for bitter food via self-report, facial expressions and instrumental behavioursDavid García-Burgos2014 Argentina24.8 59 2 x 2

SCO- S3 6 The effects of three mindfulness skills on chocolate cravingsJulien Lacalle 2014 Canada 19.93 196 3 x 6

SCO- S3 15 Startling sweet temptations: Hedonic chocolate deprivation modulates experience, eating behavior, and eyeblink startleJens Blechert 2014 Germany19-39 29 3 x 15 20

SCO- S3 31 Desire lies in the eyes: Attention bias for chocolaote is related to craving and self-endorsed eating permissionJessica Werthmann2013 Netherlands- 80 3 x 20 31 45

SCO- S3 46 Tolerance for high flavanol cocoa powder in semisweet chocolateMariel L. Harwood2013 USA 18-45 99 2 x 57 46

SCO- S3 50 Impact of the shape in sensory properties of individual dark chocoloate piecesFrancine Lenfant2012 Switzerland45 12 2 x 50 71 11 16

SCO- S3 57 Implicit approach-avoidance associations for craved food cuesEva Kemps 2013 Australia 18-25 48 + 98 3 x 57 82

SCO- S3 67 Mixed selection. Effects of body images, dietary restraint, and persuasive messages on females´ orientations towards chocolateKevin Durkin 2012 UK 17-26 80 3 x 74 67 87

SCO- S3 71 Influence of sugar type on the bioavailability of cocoa flavanolsAna Rodriguez-Mateos2012 UK 18-40 15 1 x 78 71 92

SCO- S3 72 Specific dietary preferences are liked to differing gur microbial metabolic activity in response to dark chocolate intakeFrançois-Pierre J. Martin2012 Switzerland20-50 20 1 x 80 72

SCO- S3 83 Everyday eating experiences of chocolate and non-chocolate snacks impact postprandial anxiety, energy and emotional states.François-Pierre J. Martin2012 Switzerland18-35 90 3 x 83 107

SCO- S3 88 Spatiotemporal dynamc of the hedonic processing of chocolate images in individuals with and without trait chocolate cravingDeyar Asmaro2012 Canada 45.0 468 + 26 3 x 88 116

SCO- S3 91 Dieting and food craving. A descriptive, quasi-prospective studyAnna Massey 2012 UK 40.9 129 3 x 91 119

SCO- S3 100 Experimental effects of chocolate deprivation on cravings, mood, and consumption in high and low chocolate-craversSilvia Moreno-Dominguez2011 Spain 18-29 58 3 x 100 130

SCO- S3 105 Comparing thought suppression and acceptance as coping techniques for food cravingsNic Hooper 2011 Cyprus 21.37 54 3 x 105

SCO- S3 114 Characterisation of chocolate eating behaviorA.M. Carvalho-da-Silva2011 UK 20-60 40 3 x 114

SCO- S3 120 Psychoactive effects of tasting chocolate and desire for more chocolateJennifer A. Nasser2011 USA 18-65 280 2 x 120 164

SCO- S3 141 Effects of thoought suppression on eating behavior in restrained and non-restrained eatersJames A. K. Erskine2010 UK 22.57 116 3 x 141

SCO- S3 150 Metabolic effects of dark chocolate consumption on energy, gut microbiota, and stress-related metabolism in free-living subjectsFrançois-Pierre J. Martin2009 Germany18-35 30 1 x 205 150 224

SCO- S3 151 Experimentally induced chocolate craving leads to an attentional bias in increased distraction but not in speeded detectionElke Smeets 2009 Netherlands- 68 3 x 151 227

SCO- S3 155 Perimenstrual chocolate craving. What happens after meopause?Julia M. Hormes2009 USA 45, 65, 80 280 3 x 155 232

SCO- S3 161 Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trialKarin Ried 2009 Australia 48, 51, 57 25 1 x 30 224 161 237 58 37 58

SCO- S3 191 The attitudes to chocolate questionnaire: Psychometric properties nd relatinship to dimensions of eatingJochen Müller2007 Germany24.2, 23 231 + 106 3 x 21 191 273 42 65

SCO- S3 192 Resistance can be futile: Investigagting behavioural reboundJames A. K. Erskine2007 UK 22.64 134 3 x 192

SCO- S3 199 A clinical trial gone away: the chocolate happiness undergoing more pleasantness studyKevin Chan 2007 Canada - 180 3 x 269 199

SCO- S3 201 Interactive effects of emotional and restrained eating on responses to chocolate and affectMichael Macht2007 Germany24.3 109 3 x 30 201 279 45 70

SCO- S3 205 Immediate effects of chocolate on experimentally induced mood statesMichael Macht2007 Germany19-48 + 18-43 48 + 113 3 x 205 287

SCO- S3 212 Effects of intentionally enhanced chocolate on moodDean Radin 2007 USA - 62 3 x 7 5 1 283 212

SCO- S3 224 Chocolate cravings in Ameican and Spanish individuals: Biological and cultural influences.Jamie L. Osman2006 USA 20.0 259 3 x 224 307

SCO- S3 230 Everyday mood and emotions after eating a chocolate bar or an appleMichael Macht2006 Germany19-30 37 3 x 230 315

SCO- S3 240 The effect of deprivation on fod cravings and eating behavior in restrained and unrestrained eatersJanet Polivy 2005 Canada - 103 3 x 240 82

SCO- S3 246 Reinforcing effects of caffeine and theobromine as found in chocolateHendrik J. Smit2005 UK 18-30 64 2 x 246

SCO- S3 253 Methylxanthines are the psycho-pharmacologicallly active constituent of chocolateHendrik J. Smit2004 UK 18-56 20 + 22 3 x 253 345

SCO-S6 2 Levels of craving influence psychological challenge and psychological reactivityDaniel Frings 2014 UK 18-30 40 3 x 2

SCO-S6 5 ß-glucan and dark chocolate: a randomized cross-over study on short-term satiety and energy intakeAsli Akyol 2014 Turkey 19-25 25 3 x 5

SCO-S6 8 Chocolate flavanols and skin photoprotection: a parallel, double-blind, randomized clinical trialJaime Andres Mogollon2014 Canada 20-65 73 1 x 8

SCO-S6 12 The attitudes to chocolate questionnaire. Psychometric properties and relationship with consumption, dieting, disinhibition and thought suppressionDinska van Gucht2014 Belgium 17-45 418 3 x 12

SCO-S6 20 Startling sweet temptations: Hedonic chocolate deprivation modulates experience, eating behavior, and eyeblink startleJens Blechert 2014 Germany19-39 29 3 x 15 20

SCO-S6 23 Attention bias for chocolate increases chocolate consumption - an attention bias modification studyJessica Werthmann2013 Netherlands- 56 3 x 23

SCO-S6 24 Oxidised LDL levels decreases after the consumption of ready-to-eat meals supplemented with cocoa extract within a hypocaloric dietI. Ibero-Baraibar2013 Spain 57.0 50 1 x 24

SCO-S6 45 Desire lies in the eyes: Attention bias for chocolate is related to craing and self-endorsed eating permissionJessica Werthmann2013 Netherlands- 80 3 x 20 31 45

SCO-S6 61 Effect of theobromine and caffeine on mood and vigilanceDaniel A. Judelson2013 USA 23 24 3 x 61

SCO-S6 65 Psychopharmacology of theobromine in healthy volunteersMatthew Baggot2013 USA 18-35 84 3 x 65

SCO-S6 71 Impact of the shape in sensory properties of individual dark chocoloate piecesFrancine Lenfant2012 Switzerland45 12 2 x 50 71 11 16

SCO-S6 72 Cocoa polyphenols enhance positive mood states but not cognitive perrormance: a randomized placebo-controlled trialMatthew Pase2013 Australia 40-65 72 3 x 72

SCO-S6 76 Stress percepito, crasi ematica e abitudini voluttuarie - Perceived stress, blood counts and voluptuary habits- - - - - - x 76

SCO-S6 82 Implicit approach-avoidance associations for craved food cuesEva Kemps 2013 Australia 18-25 48 + 98 3 x 57 82

SCO-S6 87 Mixed selection. Effects of body images, dietary restraint, and persuasive messages on females´ orientations towards chocolateKevin Durkin 2012 UK 17-26 80 3 x 74 67 87

SCO-S6 92 Influence of sugar type on the bioavailability of cocoa flavanolsAna Rodriguez-Mateos2012 UK 18-40 15 1 x 78 71 92

SCO-S6 93 Safety and dietary effectiveness of new diabetic chocolates in case of overweight and obesity- - - - - - x 79 93

SCO-S6 107 Everyday eating experiences of chocolate and non-chocolate snacks impact postprandial anxiety, energy and emotional states.François-Pierre J. Martin2012 Switzerland18-35 90 3 x 83 107

SCO-S6 109 Chocolate consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the NHLBI family heart studyOluwabunmi A. Tokede2012 USA 50 4098 1 x 102 109

SCO-S6 116 Spatiotemporal dynamc of the hedonic processing of chocolate images in individuals with and without trait chocolate cravingDeyar Asmaro2012 Canada 45.0 468 + 26 3 x 88 116

SCO-S6 117 Non-food odorants reduce chocolate cravingEva Kemps 2012 Australia 18-35 67 3 x 117

SCO-S6 119 Dieting and food craving. A descriptive, quasi-prospective studyAnna Massey 2012 UK 40.9 129 3 x 91 119

SCO-S6 128 Steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) topography changes associated with cocoa flavanol consumptionD. A. Camfield2011 Australia 40-65 63 1 x 128

SCO-S6 129 The effect of images of thin and overweight body shapes on women´s ambivalence towards chocolateKevin Durkin 2011 UK 17-63 84 3 x 129

SCO-S6 130 Experimental effects of chocolate deprivation on cravings, mood, and consumption in high and low chocolate-craversSilvia Moreno-Dominguez2011 Spain 18-29 58 3 x 100 130

SCO-S6 134 Dark chocolate acceptability: Influence of cocoa origin and processing conditionsMiriam Torres-Moreno2011 Spain 18-45 95 2 x 134

SCO-S6 142 Evaluation of the French version of the orientation towards chocolate questionnaire: Chocolate-related guilt and ambivalence are associated with overweight and disordered eatingRachel Rodgers2011 France 17-32 247 3 x 142

SCO-S6 143 Eating dark and milk chocolate: A randomized crossover study of effects on appetite and energy intakeLB Sorensen 2011 Denmark26.8 16 3 x 143

SCO-S6 152 Differential contributions of theobromine and cafeine on mood, psychomotor performance and blood pressureE.S. Mitchell 2011 Netherlands18-70 24 3 x 152

SCO-S6 155 Are "social drugs" (tobacco, coffee and chocolate) related to the bipolar spectrum?Icro Maremmani2011 Italy 18-75 562 3 x 155

SCO-S6 159 All cravings are not created equal. Correlates of mentrual versus non-cyclic chocolate cravingJulia Hormes 2011 USA 20 97 3 x 140 159 39

SCO-S6 164 Psychoactive effects of tasting chocolate and desire for more chocolateJennifer Nasser2011 USA 25.0 280 2 x 164

SCO-S6 171 Consumption of cocoaflavanolsresults in an acute improvement in visual and cognitive functionsDavid Field 2011 UK 18-25 30 1 x 19 171 40

SCO-S6 178 Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries: The NHLBI family heart studyLuc Djousse 2010 USA 50.7 2217 1 x 178

SCO-S6 184 The italian version of the attitudes to chocolate questionnaire: a validation study- - - - - - x 18 164 184

SCO-S6 185 Effects of cocoa extract and dark chocolate on angiotensin-converting enzyme and nitric oxide in human endothelial cells and halthy volunteers - a nutrigenomics perspectiveIngrid Persson2011 Sweden 26.0 16 1 x 185

SCO-S6 194 Consumption of cocoa flavanols result in acute improvement in mood and cognitive performance during sustained mental effortSandrew Scholey2010 UK 18-35 30 3 x 194 50

SCO-S6 199 The selective impact of chocolate craving on visuospatial working memoryMarika Tiggermann2010 Australia 18-29 96 3 x 199

SCO-S6 207 Mood Food. Chocolate anddepressive symptonsin a cross-sectional analysisNatalie Rose 2010 USA 20-85 931 3 x 21 207 52

SCO-S6 211 Comparison of the effects of a liquid yogurt and chocolate bars on satiety: a multidimensional approachDidier Chapelot2011 France 20.8 18 3 x 26 211

SCO-S6 212 The effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on fasting capillary whole nood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucocorticoids in healthy overweight and obese subjectsSuzana Almoosawi2009 UK 21-50 14 1 x 212

SCO-S6 223 Flavanol-rich cocoa ameliorates-induced endothelial dysfunctionSabine Westphal2010 Germany25.2 18 1 x 223

SCO-S6 224 Metabolic effects of dark chocolate consumption on energy, gut microbiota, and stress-related metabolism in free-living subjectsFrançois-Pierre Martin2009 Switzerland18-35 30 1 x 205 150 224

SCO-S6 225 Effect of heart rate variability on defensie reaction and eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate craversSonia Rodriguez-Ruiz2009 Spain 21.0 72 3 x 225

SCO-S6 227 Experimentally induced chocolate craving leads to an attentional bias in increased distraction but not in speeded detectionElke Smeets 2009 Netherlands- 68 3 x 151 227

SCO-S6 232 Perimenstrual chocolate craving. What happens after meopause?Julia M. Hormes2009 USA 45, 65, 80 280 3 x 155 232

SCO-S6 237 Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trialKarin Ried 2009 Australia 48, 51, 57 25 1 x 30 224 161 237 58 37 58

SCO-S6 248 Cocoa flavanols and procyanidins can modulate the lipopolysaccharide activation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in vitroThomas Kenny2009 USA 22-28 10 1 x 248

SCO-S6 259 Cocoa polyphenols and their influence on parameters involved in ex vivo skin restructuringP. Gasser 2008 France 68 1 1 x 250 259

SCO-S6 273 The attitudes to chocolate questionnaire: Psychometric properties nd relatinship to dimensions of eatingJochen Müller2007 Germany24.2, 23 231 + 106 3 x 21 191 273 42 65

SCO-S6 276 A multidimensional ambivalence model of chocolate craving: Construct validity and associations with chocolate consumption and disordered eatingFiona Cartwright2007 Australia 19.75 311 3 x 276

SCO-S6 279 Interactive effects of emotional and restrained eating on responses to chocolate and affectMichael Macht2007 Germany24.3 109 3 x 30 201 279 45 70

SCO-S6 287 Immediate effects of chocolate on experimentally induced mood statesMichael Macht2007 Germany19-48 + 18-43 48 + 113 3 x 205 287

SCO-S6 291 Effects of intentionally enhanced chocolate on moodDean Radin 2007 USA - 62 3 x 7 5 1 283 212

SCO-S6 307 Chocolate cravings in Ameican and Spanish individuals: Biological and cultural influences.Jamie L. Osman2006 USA 20.0 259 3 x 224 307

SCO-S6 314 The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on the fMRI response to a cognitive task in healthy young peopleS. T. Francis 2006 UK 18-30 16 1 x 307 314

SCO-S6 315 Everyday mood and emotions after eating a chocolate bar or an appleMichael Macht2006 Germany19-30 37 3 x 230 315

SCO-S6 316 Defining and defending "unhealthy"practices - a discourse analysis of chocolate "addicts" accountsRebecca Benford2006 UK 20 5 3 x 309 316

SCO-S6 317 Chocolate and Women´s sexual health: An intriguing correlationAndrea Salonia2006 Italy 35.3 163 1 x 310 317

SCO-S6 324 Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy personsDavide Grassi 2005 Italy 33.9 15 1 x 317 324

SCO-S6 331 Subjective and physiological reactivity to chocolate images in high and low chocolate craversSonia Rodriguez2005 Spain 21.0 72 3 x 331

SCO-S6 345 Methylxanthines are the psycho-pharmacologicallly active constituent of chocolateHendrik J. Smit2004 UK 18-56 20 + 22 3 x 253 345

WEB-S1 3 Dark chocolate: An obesity paradox or a culprit for weight gain?Grace Farhat 2013 UK - - 1 x 3

WEB-S1 9 Regular consumption of a cocoa product improves the cardiometabolic profile in healthy and moderately hyper-choleterolemic adultsBeatriz Sarria 2013 Spain 18-55 44 1 x 13 9 6

WEB-S1 16 Consumers´ interests in sweets with health-promoting properties and their selected determinantsMarzena Jezewska2013 Poland - 1000 3 x 16

WEB-S1 17 Cue-induced cigarette and food craving: A commen effect?Mindi A. Styn 2012 USA 37.3 164 3 x 17

WEB-S1 30 Diet and endothelial function: from individual components to dietary patternsRikard Landberg2012 Sweden - - 1 x 30

WEB-S1 36 Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adultsValentine Yanchou Njike2009 USA 52.5, 52.2, 51.9 44 1 x 32 36

WEB-S1 47 Nuts, whole hazelnuts, Cadbury´s take ´em and cover them with chocolateGraham Jackson2010 - - - 1 x 47

WEB-S1 49 Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adultsBrian Buijse 2010 Germany40-65, 35-65 10904 + 16644 1 x 24 182 49

WEB-S1 51 Chocolate and red wine - A comparison betwwen flavonoids contentFernanda Araujo2009 Brazil - - 1 x 21 187 51

WEB-S1 55 Effect of cocoa products on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysisSteffen Desch2009 UK - 297 1 x 55

WEB-S1 58 Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trialKarin Ried 2009 Australia 48, 51, 57 25 1 x 30 224 161 237 58 37 58

WEB-S1 63 Clinical benefit and preservation of flavanols in dark chocolate manufacturingAndrew McShea2008 USA - - 1 x 31 245 63

WEB-S1 66 A double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: clinical findings from a sample of healthy cognitively intact older adultsDavid Crews 2007 USA 60+ 101 1 x 263 66

WEB-S1 67 Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterolRobin Allen 2008 USA 24-70 49 1 x 34 264 34

WEB-S1 75 (-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humansHagen Schroeter2006 USA - - 1 x 315 75

WEB-S1 77 Cocoa flavanols and platelet and leukocyte function: Recen in vitro and ex vivo studies in healthy adultsStan Heptinstall2006 UK - 12 1 x 306 77

WEB-S1 80 Review: Health effects of cocoa flavonoidsR. M. Lamuela-Raventós2004 Spain - - 1 x 325 80

WEB-S3 11 Impact of the shape in sensory properties of individual dark chocoloate piecesFrancine Lenfant2012 Switzerland45 12 2 x 50 71 11 16

WEB-S3 28 Dark chocolate and blood pressure: A novel study from JordanSaafan A. Al-Safi2011 Jordan 32.4, 30.2, 31.4 14310 1 x 28


WEB-S3 42 The attitudes to chocolate questionnaire: Psychometric properties nd relatinship to dimensions of eatingJochen Müller2007 Germany24.2, 23 231 + 106 3 x 21 191 273 42 65

WEB-S3 45 Interactive effects of emotional and restrained eating on responses to chocolate and affectMichael Macht2007 Germany24.3 109 3 x 30 201 279 45 70

WEB-S6 6 Regular consumption of a cocoa product improves the cardiometabolic profile in healthy and moderately hyper-choleterolemic adultsBeatriz Sarria 2013 Spain 18-55 44 1 x 13 9 6

WEB-S6 10 Facial affective reaction to bitter-tasting foods and body mass index in adultsD. Garcia-Burgos2013 Argentina18-46 40 1 x 10

WEB-S6 13 Effects of chocolate on cognitive function and mood: a systematic reviewAndrew Scholey2013 Australia - - 3 x 13

WEB-S6 16 Impact of the shape in sensory properties of individual dark chocoloate piecesFrancine Lenfant2012 Switzerland45 12 2 x 50 71 11 16

WEB-S6 39 All cravings are not created equal. Correlates of mentrual versus non-cyclic chocolate cravingJulia Hormes 2011 USA 20 97 3 x 140 159 39

WEB-S6 40 Consumption of cocoaflavanolsresults in an acute improvement in visual and cognitive functionsDavid Field 2011 UK 18-25 30 1 x 19 171 40

WEB-S6 48 The Italian version of the Attitudes to Chocolate Questionnaire: a validation study- - - - - x 18 164 184 48

WEB-S6 50 Consumption of cocoa flavanols result in acute improvement in mood and cognitive performance during sustained mental effortSandrew Scholey2010 UK 18-35 30 3 x 194 50

WEB-S6 52 Mood Food. Chocolate anddepressive symptonsin a cross-sectional analysisNatalie Rose 2010 USA 20-85 931 3 x 21 207 52


WEB-S6 61 Acute effect of oral flavonoid-rich dark chocolate intake on coronary circulation, as comparedwith non-flavonoid white chocolate, by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in healthy adultsYumi Shiina 2007 Japan 23-40 39 1 x 61

WEB-S6 65 The attitudes to chocolate questionnaire: Psychometric properties nd relatinship to dimensions of eatingJochen Müller2007 Germany24.2, 23 231 + 106 3 x 21 191 273 42 65

WEB-S6 70 Interactive effects of emotional and restrained eating on responses to chocolate and affectMichael Macht2007 Germany24.3 109 3 x 30 201 279 45 70

WEB-S6 82 The effect of deprivation on fod cravings and eating behavior in restrained and unrestrained eatersJanet Polivy 2005 Canada - 103 3 x 240 82

4. Questionnaire example

1

CHOCOLATE QUESTIONNAIRE

Please read carefully the instructions and fill in the blanks. Enjoy it!

Part 1 – LET´S TASTE CHOCOLATE!

Please taste one chocolate at a time! Choose the sample according to the given number on the paper, and answer the

questions. Tick only one box in each scale. Before tasting the next chocolate, please drink some water.

You do not need to eat the whole chocolate; a small amount is more than enough for the test. You can take the rest of

the samples with you!

CHOCOLATE 515

1. How much do you like chocolate 515?

Dislike very much

Dislike moderately

Dislike slightly Neutral (Neither like nor dislike)

Like slightly Like

moderately Like very

much

2. How do you perceive “sweetness”, “milkiness”, “smoothness”, “caramel flavour” and “cacao flavour” of

515?

2.1 Sweetness

Not at all sweet

Not too much sweet

Just right. I like it as it is

Too much sweet

Way too much sweet

2.2 Milkiness

Not at all milky

Not too much milky


Too much milky

Way too much milky

2.3 Smoothness Melting behavior

Not at all smooth

Not too much smooth


Too much smooth

Way too much smooth

2.4 Caramel flavour

Not at all caramel flavour

Not too much caramel flavour


Too much caramel flavour

Way too much caramel flavour

2.5 Cacao flavour

Not at all cacao flavour

Not too much cacao flavour


Too much cacao flavour

Way too much cacao flavour

2.6 Special

aftertaste

Not at all intense

Not too much intense

Just right. I like it as it is.

Too much intense

Way too much intense

2

CHOCOLATE 981


Dislike very much

Dislike moderately


Like slightly Like


much


981?

4.1 Sweetness

Not at all sweet

Not too much sweet


Too much sweet

Way too much sweet

4.2 Milkiness

Not at all milky

Not too much milky


Too much milky

Way too much milky


Not at all smooth

Not too much smooth


Too much smooth

Way too much smooth

4.4 Caramel flavour






4.5 Cacao flavour






4.6 Special

aftertaste

Not at all intense



Too much intense


3

CHOCOLATE 322


Dislike very much

Dislike moderately


Like slightly Like


much


322?

6.1 Sweetness

Not at all sweet

Not too much sweet


Too much sweet

Way too much sweet

6.2 Milkiness

Not at all milky

Not too much milky


Too much milky

Way too much milky


Not at all smooth

Not too much smooth


Too much smooth

Way too much smooth

6.4 Caramel flavour






6.5 Cacao flavour






6.6 Special

aftertaste

Not at all intense



Too much intense


4

CHOCOLATE 883


Dislike very much

Dislike moderately


Like slightly Like


much


883?

8.1 Sweetness

Not at all sweet

Not too much sweet


Too much sweet

Way too much sweet

8.2 Milkiness

Not at all milky

Not too much milky


Too much milky

Way too much milky


Not at all smooth

Not too much smooth


Too much smooth

Way too much smooth

8.4 Caramel flavour






8.5 Cacao flavour






8.6 Special

aftertaste

Not at all intense



Too much intense


5

9. How much did you like the chocolates?

Write the chocolate sample numbers in the empty boxes according to your preferences.

LEAST

LIKED MOST

LIKED

515 981 322 883

10. If the chocolate that you liked the most has an affordable price and less calories. Would you buy it?

Yes No

11. If the chocolate that you liked the most has an affordable price and less sugar. Would you buy it?

Yes No

12. And if the chocolate with less sugar is available, would you prefer that the chocolate…

Please tick only one option.

- has no added sugar

- is free from artificial sweeteners

- is naturally sweetened.

13. Do you have any comments regarding the chocolate samples?

515

981

322

883

14. How do you feel after tasting these chocolate? Please tick only one option.

Loving Aggressive Disinterested

Excited Disapproving Sad

Sociable Intimidated Scared

Bold Surprised Tired

6

Part 2 – YOUR EXPECTATIONS AND BELIEFS ABOUT CHOCOLATE

15. Do you like to eat milk chocolate?

Yes No

16. How often do you eat chocolate?

Never or less than

once/month

1-3 times per month

Once a week

2-4 times per week

5-6 times per week

Once a day

2-3 times per day

4-5 times per day

6+ times per day

17. Which brand of chocolate do you usually choose?

18. Which type of chocolate do you usually eat? Tick one.

White Milk Dark

19. Which of these chocolate products do you usually eat? Tick as many as you prefer.

19.1 Chocolate bars

19.2 Pralines

19.3 Biscuits and cakes

19.4 Milk chocolate drink

19.5 Energetic bars

19.6 Cereal bars, muesli bars and granola bars

19.7 Breakfast cereals

19.8 Chocolate desserts, like chocolate mousse

19.9 Ice cream chocolate

19.10 Spreadable chocolate

19.11 None

19.12 Any other? Please specify.

20. Do you consider dark chocolate as part of a healthy lifestyle?

Yes No

21. Do you consider milk chocolate as part of a healthy lifestyle?

Yes No

7

22. Rank the following statements:

STATEMENTS

Not at all like me

Not like me Neutral Like me Very much

like me

22.1 I eat chocolate to cheer me up when I am down.

22.2 My desire for chocolate often seems overpowering.

22.3 I feel unattractive after I have eaten chocolate.

22.4 I often feel sick after eating chocolate.

22.5 I eat chocolate as a reward when everything is going really well for me.

22.6 I am often on one kind of diet or another.

22.7 The thought of chocolate often distracts me from what I am doing (e.g. watching TV).

22.8 I usually find myself wanting chocolate during the afternoon.

22.9 I consider chocolate to be high in fat and to be of poor nutritional value.

22.10 After eating chocolate I often wish I hadn´t.

22.11 I feel guilty after eating chocolate

22.12 I eat chocolate only when I am hungry.

22.13 Chocolate often preys on my mind.

22.14 I feel unhealthy after I have eaten chocolate.

22.15 I always look at the calorific value of a chocolate snack before I eat it.

22.16 If I resist the temptation to eat chocolate I feel more in control of my life.

22.17 Nothing else but chocolate will satisfy my chocolate cravings.

22.18 Even when I do not really want any more chocolate I will often carry on eating it.

22.19 I eat chocolate to keep my energy levels up when I am doing physical exercise.

22.20 I eat more chocolate in the winter when it is colder.

22.21 I often go into a shop for something else and end up buying chocolate.

22.22 I feel depressed and dissatisfied with life after eating chocolate.

22.23 I often eat chocolate when I am bored.

22.24 I like to indulge in chocolate.

8

23. What is important for you when choosing chocolate or chocolate products (chocolate cakes, cookies, ice

cream, etc.)?

CHARACTERISTICS Not important

at all Not important Neutral Important

Really important

23.1 Taste

23.2 Mouth feeling / texture

23.3 Sweetness

23.4 Smell

23.5 Color

23.6 Low in sugar

23.7 Low in fat

23.8 Low in calories

23.9 Cocoa content

23.10 Gluten free

23.11 Absence of additives

23.12 Vegan / no animal ingredients

23.13 High protein content

23.14 Low carb content

23.15 High flavanols /polyphenols content

23.16 Organic

23.17 Fair trade

23.18 Ethical and environmental friendly

23.19 Sustainable

23.20 Limited processing / Authentically cooked

23.21 Price

23.22 Brand loyalty

23.23 Packaging

23.24 Size

23.25 Any other?

Part 3 – TELL US ABOUT YOURSELF

24. Age

25. Gender Female Male

26. Education Bachelor Master PhD

27. Height (cm)

28. Weight (kg)

29. Do you have children? Yes No

Thank you!

5. Information articles included – Literature Review

AGE

M+W/Mean

1 Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adultsBrian Buijse 2010 Germany 40-65 35-65 10904 + 16644 1

2 The attitudes to chocolate questionnaire: Psychometric properties nd relatinship to dimensions of eatingJochen Müller 2007 Germany 24.2, 23 231 + 106 3

3 Consumption of cocoaflavanolsresults in an acute improvement in visual and cognitive functionsDavid Field 2011 UK 18-25 30 1

4 Interactive effects of emotional and restrained eating on responses to chocolate and affectMichael Macht 2007 Germany 24.3 109 3

5 Theobroma cacao L., the food of the gods: A scientific approach beyond myths and claimsM. Rusconi 2009 Switzerland - - 1

6 The impact of chocolate on cardiovascular health L.Fernández 2011 Spain - - 1

7 Chocolate intake and diabetes risk James A. Greenberg2013 USA 45-64 7802 1

8 Assessing the shapes and speech sounds that people associate with chocolate samples varying in cocoa contentMary Kim Ngo 2011 UK 16 - 52 22 + 19 + 21 2

9 Chocolate craving and disordered eating. Beyond the gender divide?Julia M. Hornes 2014 USA 19.4 645 3

10 Effect of consumption of dark chocolate on oxidative stress in lipoproteins and platelets in women and in menL. Nanetti 2011 Italy 28-45 25 + 25 1

11 Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adultsValentine Yanchou Njike2009 USA 52.5, 52.2, 51.9 44 1

12 Effects of bioactive constituents in funcional cocoa products on cardiovascular health in humansBeatriz Sarria 2014 Spain 18-55 44 1

13 Realistic intake of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product increases HDL-cholesterol without inducin anthropometric changes in healthy and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjectsSara Martínez-López2013 Spain 18-55 44 1

14 Regular consumption of a cocoa product improves the cardiometabolic profile in healthy and moderately hyper-choleterolemic adultsBeatriz Sarria 2013 Spain 18-55 44 1

15 Tolerance for high flavanol cocoa powder in semisweet chocolateMeriel Harwood 2013 USA 18-45 99 2

16 Effect of cocoa and theobromine consumption on serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations: a randomized controlled trialNicole Neufingerl2013 France 40-70 143 1

17 Mixed selection. Effects of body images, dietary restraint, and persuasive messages on female´s orientations towards chocolateKevin Durkin 2012 UK 21.76 80 3

18 Specific dietary preferences are linked to differing gut microbial metabolic activity in response to dark chocolate intakeFrançois-Pierre Martin2012 Switzerland 20-50 20 1

19 Chocolate consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the NHLBI family heart studyOluwabunmi A. Tokede2012 USA 50 4098 1

20 Neurotic depression and chocolate among female medical students at college of medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwara, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaNajlaa Abdul 2011 Saudi Arabia 21.6 295 3

21 All cravings are not created equal. Correlates of mentrual versus non-cyclic chocolate cravingJulia Hormes 2011 USA 19.57 97 3

22 Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with prevalent coronary heart disease: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Familiy Heart StudyLuc Djoussé 2010 USA 50 4970 1

23 Prebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention studyXenofon Tzounis 2011 UK 30 22 1

24 Metabolic effects of dark chocolate consumption on energy, gut microbiota, and stress-related metabolism in free-living subjectsFrançois-Pierre Martin2009 Switzerland 18-35 30 1

25 Cocoa and cardiovascular health Roberto Corti 2009 Switzerland - - 1

26 Regular consumption of dark chocolate is associate with low serum concentrations of C-Reactve protein in a healthy italian populationRomina di Giuseppe2009 Italy 35+ 4849 1

27 Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: A randomized controlled crossover trialZubaida Faridi 2008 USA 53 45 1

28 Chocolate consumption in pregnancy and reduced likelihood of preeclampsiaElizabeth W. Triche2008 USA <20 to 35˃ 1943 1

29 Plasma LDL and HDL Cholesterol and Oxidized LDL concentratins are altered in Normo- and hypercholesterolemic humans after intake of different levels of cocoa powderSeigo Baba 2007 Japan 49 160 1

30 Cardioprotective effects of chocolate and almod consumption in healthy womenSara B. Kurlandsky2006 USA 43.7 49 1

31 Long-term ingestion of high flavanol cocoa provides photoprotection against UV-induced erytherma and improves skin condition in womenUlrike Heinrich 2006 Germany 18-65 24 1

32 Review: Health effects of cocoa flavonoids R. M. Lamuela-Raventós2004 Spain - - 1

33 Impact of the shape in sensory properties of individual dark chocoloate piecesFrancine Lenfant 2012 Switzerland 45 12 2

34 Everyday eating experiences of chocolate and non-chocolate snacks impact postprandial anxiety, energy and emotional states.François-Pierre J. Martin2012 Switzerland 18-35 90 3

35 Experimental effects of chocolate deprivation on cravings, mood, and consumption in high and low chocolate-craversSilvia Moreno-Dominguez2011 Spain 18-29 58 3

36 Psychoactive effects of tasting chocolate and desire for more chocolateJennifer A. Nasser2011 USA 18-65 280 2

37 Immediate effects of chocolate on experimentally induced mood statesMichael Macht 2007 Germany 19-48 + 18-43 48 + 113 3

38 Chocolate cravings in Ameican and Spanish individuals: Biological and cultural influences.Jamie L. Osman 2006 USA 20.0 259 3

39 Everyday mood and emotions after eating a chocolate bar or an appleMichael Macht 2006 Germany 19-30 37 3

40 Reinforcing effects of caffeine and theobromine as found in chocolateHendrik J. Smit 2005 UK 18-30 64 2

41 Methylxanthines are the psycho-pharmacologicallly active constituent of chocolateHendrik J. Smit 2004 UK 18-56 20 + 22 3

42 ß-glucan and dark chocolate: a randomized cross-over study on short-term satiety and energy intakeAsli Akyol 2014 Turkey 19-25 25 3

43 Chocolate flavanols and skin photoprotection: a parallel, double-blind, randomized clinical trialJaime Andres Mogollon2014 Canada 20-65 73 1

44 The attitudes to chocolate questionnaire. Psychometric properties and relationship with consumption, dieting, disinhibition and thought suppressionDinska van Gucht2014 Belgium 17-45 418 3

45 Effect of theobromine and caffeine on mood and vigilanceDaniel A. Judelson2013 USA 23 24 3

46 Psychopharmacology of theobromine in healthy volunteersMatthew Baggot 2013 USA 18-35 84 3

47 Steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) topography changes associated with cocoa flavanol consumptionD. A. Camfield 2011 Australia 40-65 63 1

48 The effect of images of thin and overweight body shapes on women´s ambivalence towards chocolateKevin Durkin 2011 UK 17-63 84 3

OUTCOME No. TITLE FIRST AUTHOR YEAR LOCATION SAMPLE SIZE

49 Dark chocolate acceptability: Influence of cocoa origin and processing conditionsMiriam Torres-Moreno2011 Spain 18-45 95 2

50 Evaluation of the French version of the orientation towards chocolate questionnaire: Chocolate-related guilt and ambivalence are associated with overweight and disordered eatingRachel Rodgers 2011 France 17-32 247 3

51 Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries: The NHLBI family heart studyLuc Djousse 2010 USA 50.7 2217 1

52 Consumption of cocoa flavanols result in acute improvement in mood and cognitive performance during sustained mental effortSandrew Scholey 2010 UK 18-35 30 3

53 A multidimensional ambivalence model of chocolate craving: Construct validity and associations with chocolate consumption and disordered eatingFiona Cartwright 2007 Australia 19.75 311 3

54 Subjective and physiological reactivity to chocolate images in high and low chocolate craversSonia Rodriguez 2005 Spain 21.0 72 3

55 Dark chocolate: An obesity paradox or a culprit for weight gain?Grace Farhat 2013 UK - - 1

56 Cue-induced cigarette and food craving: A commen effect?Mindi A. Styn 2012 USA 37.3 164 3

57 Effect of cocoa products on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysisSteffen Desch 2009 UK - 297 1

58 Dark chocolate and blood pressure: A novel study from JordanSaafan A. Al-Safi 2011 Jordan 32.4, 30.2, 31.4 14310 1

59 Effects of chocolate on cognitive function and mood: a systematic reviewAndrew Scholey 2013 Australia - - 3

60 Acute effect of oral flavonoid-rich dark chocolate intake on coronary circulation, as comparedwith non-flavonoid white chocolate, by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in healthy adultsYumi Shiina 2007 Japan 23-40 39 1

6. Picture – Question 9 Questionnaire

7. Chocolate characteristics information - Figures

CHOCOLATE 322 – CHARACTERISTICS

Chocolate 322 is considered sweeter and milkier in Denmark. In both countries, participants like in general how smooth the chocolate are. Caramel flavour is not strong in this chocolate and just one third of the participants like it as it is. Many participants agree that there is not too much cacao flavour in this chocolate. It is shown that the special aftertaste varies. Some of the participants like it as it is, however others think that it is not too much intense.

-

-

-

0,0% 6,7%

22,7% 20,0% 16,0%

29,3%

5,3% 1,3%

5,2% 13,0%

9,1%

22,1% 28,6%

20,8%

Dislike verymuch

Dislikemoderately

Dislike slightly Neutral(Neither like

or dislike)

Like slightly Likemoderately

Like verymuch

322 - LIKING

BELGIUM DENMARK

1,3%

31,6% 42,1%

23,7%

1,3% 1,3% 12,5%

51,2%

33,8%

1,3%

Not at all sweet Not too much sweet Just right - I like it asit is

Too much sweet Way too muchsweet

322 - SWEETNESS BELGIUM DENMARK

5,4%

37,8% 25,7% 27,0%

4,1% 1,3%

17,5%

48,8%

28,7%

3,8%

Not at all milky Not too much milky Just right - I like it asit is

Too much milky Way too much milky

322 - MILKINESS BELGIUM DENMARK

-

-

-

9,3% 25,3%

53,3%

8,0% 4,0% 7,4%

29,6% 42,0%

18,5% 2,5%

Not at all smooth Not too muchsmooth

Just right - I like it asit is

Too much smooth Way too muchsmooth

322 - SMOOTHNESS BELGIUM DENMARK

19,7%

34,2% 25,0%

15,8%

5,3%

23,8% 30,0% 33,8%

10,0% 2,5%

Not at all caramelflavour

Not too muchcaramel flavour


Too much caramelflavour

Way too muchcaramel flavour

322 - CARAMEL FLAVOUR

BELGIUM DENMARK

7,9%

47,4%

31,6%

10,5% 2,6%

18,3%

43,9% 35,4%

2,4% 0,0%

Not at all cacaoflavour

Not too much cacaoflavour


Too much cacaoflavour

Way too muchcacao flavour

322 - CACAO FLAVOUR

BELGIUM DENMARK

9,2%

35,5% 30,3% 22,4%

2,6% 11,1%

33,3% 39,5%

16,0%

0,0%

Not at all intense Not too muchintense


Too much intense Way too muchintense

322 - SPECIAL AFTERTASTE

BELGIUM DENMARK


The majority of participants in Belgium like this chocolate exactly as how it is in relation to sweetness, milkiness, smoothness, cacao flavour and aftertaste. However, they consider that there is not enough caramel flavour. In Denmark, most of the participants think that sweetness, milkiness, smoothness is just right. They agree with the Belgians that there is not enough caramel flavour. They also state that there is not too much cacao flavour and not too much special aftertaste.

-

-

-

0,0% 1,3% 10,3%

19,2% 25,6% 29,5%

14,1%

0,0% 2,7%

13,3% 17,3%

29,3% 25,3%

12,0%

Dislike verymuch

Dislikemoderately


or dislike)


Like verymuch

474 - LIKING BELGIUM DENMARK

5,1%

32,9%

54,4%

7,6% 0,0%

6,4%

25,6%

44,9%

17,9% 5,1%




6,3% 20,0%

61,3%

12,5% 0,0%

7,4%

35,8% 40,7%

14,8% 1,2%



474 - MILKINESS

BELGIUM DENMARK

-

-

-

0,0%

32,5%

57,1%

10,4% 0,0% 4,9%

27,2%

54,3%

13,6% 0,0%





20,0%

45,0%

27,5%

7,5% 0,0%

23,5% 39,5%

30,9%

6,2% 0,0%







BELGIUM DENMARK

7,5%

27,5%

52,5%

12,5% 0,0%

12,2%

52,4%

24,4% 11,0%

0,0%






474 - CACAO FLAVOUR BELGIUM DENMARK

3,8%

26,3%

53,8%

13,8% 2,5%

17,1%

40,2% 29,3%

13,4%

0,0%





BELGIUM DENMARK


BARRY CALLEBAUT GOLD STANDARD

Chocolate 515 is really appreciated in both countries. Both of them agree that milkiness and

smoothness are just right. Belgians like a lot how sweet this chocolate is, however Danes agree that

it is too much sweet. In general, both countries agree that there is not too much caramel and cacao

flavour. The special aftertaste in this chocolate is just right in both countries.

-

-

-

2,0% 5,1%

10,2% 10,2%

21,4% 27,6%

23,5%

5,0% 3,0%

18,0%

10,0%

22,0% 26,0%

16,0%

Dislike verymuch

Dislikemoderately


or dislike)


Like verymuch


1,0% 5,7%

61,0%

23,8% 8,6%

0,0% 5,5%

37,6% 44,0%

12,8%




1,0%

17,3%

53,8%

24,0%

3,8% 1,9% 13,9%

50,0%

31,5%

2,8%



515 - MILKINESS

BELGIUM DENMARK

-

-

-

0 12,4%

74,3%

12,4% 1,0% 2,8%

12,8%

67,0%

14,7% 2,8%





8,6%

34,3% 36,2%

19,0%

1,9% 10,9%

25,5% 34,5%

23,6%

5,5%






515 - CARAMEL FLAVOUR BELGIUM DENMARK

9,5%

46,7% 41,9%

1,9% 0,0%

21,8%

52,7%

25,5%

0,0% 0,0%






515 - CACAO FLAVOUR

BELGIUM DENMARK

1,9%

29,5%

51,4%

15,2% 1,9%

19,1% 22,7%

40,9%

16,4%

0,9%





BELGIUM DENMARK


Chocolate 883 has been characterized as not being too much sweet, nor milky. In relation to

smoothness they like it as it is. Participants think that there is not too much or not at all caramel

flavour. In relation to cacao flavour, Danes agree that there is not too much cacao flavour while

most of the Belgians think that it is just right. For the special aftertaste, there are different opinions

about this chocolate, from not too much intense to just right and not too much intense.

-

-

1,3%

9,3%

26,7%

18,7% 14,7%

22,7%

6,7% 5,4% 9,5%

17,6% 12,2%

24,3% 24,3%

6,8%

Dislike verymuch

Dislikemoderately


or dislike)


Like verymuch


5,1%

41,0% 41,0%

12,8% 0,0%

7,3%

51,2%

23,2% 17,1%

1,2%



883 - SWEETNESS

BELGIUM DENMARK

9,1%

42,9% 33,8%

13,0% 1,3%

13,6%

42,0%

27,2% 16,0%

1,2%



883 - MILKINESS

BELGIUM DENMARK

-

-

-

3,9%

34,2%

57,9%

3,9% 0,0% 13,6%

33,3% 42,0%

9,9% 1,2%





22,1%

32,5%

18,2% 23,4%

3,9%

30,5% 32,9%

15,9% 19,5%

1,2%






883 - CARAMEL FLAVOUR BELGIUM DENMARK

5,1%

26,9% 39,7%

23,1%

5,1% 11,0%

50,0%

18,3% 17,1% 3,7%






883 - CACAO FLAVOUR BELGIUM DENMARK

7,9%

25,0% 27,6% 34,2%

5,3%

18,3% 22,0% 22,0% 29,3%

8,5%





BELGIUM DENMARK


Most of the participants agree that chocolate 981 is just right according to sweetness, milkiness and

smoothness. Caramel flavour and cacao flavour is perceived as being just right to not too much of

these two flavour. Most of the participants think that the special aftertaste is just right.

-

-

-

1,4% 4,1% 13,5% 14,9%

31,1% 25,7%

9,5% 3,8% 1,3%

8,9%

20,3% 17,7%

31,6%

16,5%

Dislike verymuch

Dislikemoderately


or dislike)


Like verymuch

981 - LIKING

BELGIUM DENMARK

2,6%

32,1%

48,7%

15,4%

1,3% 1,2%

31,7% 43,9%

19,5%

3,7%




1,3%

37,2% 43,6%

17,9%

0,0% 3,6%

26,2%

46,4%

21,4%

2,4%



981 - MILKINESS

BELGIUM DENMARK

-

-

-

2,6%

28,9%

48,7%

17,1%

2,6% 4,8%

28,6%

46,4%

16,7% 3,6%





15,6%

36,4% 33,8%

11,7% 2,6%

17,9%

38,1% 32,1%

10,7% 1,2%







BELGIUM DENMARK

5,2%

39,0% 41,6%

13,0% 1,3%

14,3%

48,8%

27,4%

9,5% 0,0%






981 - CACAO FLAVOUR

BELGIUM DENMARK

6,5%

32,5% 42,9%

18,2%

0,0%

18,1% 30,1% 34,9%

13,3% 3,6%





BELGIUM DENMARK

1. table of hits literature review - aalborg...

Documents