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SUBPART F THROUGH J AND RELATED SAFETY PRACTICES

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CHAPTER-8 Subpart F: Fire Protection and Prevention Subpart G: Signs, Signals and Barricades Subpart H: Material handling, Storage, Use and Disposal Subpart I: Hand and Power Tools

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SUBPART F

Fire Protection and Prevention: Elements required to start a fire:

a) Oxygen

b) Fuel

c) Heat Source of ignition Combustion point Fire is a chain reaction.

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SUBPART F Tetrahedron-Flaming

mode Triangle-Smoldering

mode Types of reactions:

a) Endothermic reactions

b) Exothermic reactions

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SUBPART F Class A: Solid materials such as wool,

plastic, textiles, and their products: paper, housing, clothing.

Class B: Flammable liquids and gases. Class C: Electrical Class D: Combustible, easily oxidized

materials, such as Al, Mg, Ti and Zr. Special Categories: Extremely active

oxidizers or mixtures, flammables containing oxygen, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide; solid missile propellants.

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Red-Flammability

Blue- Health

Yellow-Reactivity

White-Special Information

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SUBPART F Sources of fire hazards :

paints, wooden furniture, electric wires and appliances etc.

Flammable liquids: Flash point below 100 0F

Combustible liquids: Flash point at or above 100 0F

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SUBPART F

Fire Safety Programs: “Be Prepared” Comprehensive fire safety program:

i. Assessment

ii. Planning

iii. Awareness/Prevention

iv. Response

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SUBPART FEMERGENCY FIRE SAFETY PLAN:

i) Assessment: Should be continuous Committee should involve members from workers, subs and

management

ii) Planning: Organizations are required to have Emergency Fire Safety

plans Emergency Fire Safety Plans should be reviewed annually.

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SUBPART Fiii) Awareness and Prevention: All workers should receive aware training to understand their role in

Emergency plan. Fire safety committee should evaluate the training program

frequently.

- Do all workers know the role they plan in implementing the emergency plan?

- How are disabled employees provided for?

- Is a comprehensive drill undertaken each year?

iv) Response: Arranging periodic drills so that the workers are familiar with the

emergency safety plan.

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SUBPART F

Fire Protection Strategies: Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Brigades:

- The employees forming the fire brigade should have proper training, physical ability and fire fighting equipment to protect others and themselves in case of a hazard.

Fire Prevention Strategies: Housekeeping:

-Keep the job-site neat and orderly.

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SUBPART F

Tools and equipment:

- Use only non-sparking tools in areas where flammable liquids are used.

Flammable and Combustible Liquids:

- Store materials in flame-resistant cabinets that are isolated from where people work.

- Store material in tanks below ground level.

- Prohibit smoking near any possible fuels.

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SUBPART F Electrical hazards

- Repair defects in electrically powered tools, machines, and equipment immediately.

- Do not overload circuits.

- Avoid the overuse of extension cords.

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SUBPART F

CASE STUDY

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT: A welder entered a steel pipe (24 inch diameter) to grind a

bad weld at a valve about 30 feet from the entry point. Before he entered, other crew members decided to add

oxygen to the pipe near the bad weld. He had been grinding intermittently for about five minutes when a fire broke out enveloping his clothing.

Another crew member pulled him 30 feet to the pipe entrance and extinguished the fire. However, the welder died the next day from his burns.

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SUBPART F

INSPECTION RESULTS Following its inspection,

OSHA issued three citations one willful, one serious and one repeat. Had the cited standards been followed, this fatality might have been prevented.

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SUBPART F

ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS Do not use oxygen for ventilation, cooling or cleaning in

welding operations (29 CFR 1926.353(a)(b). Comply with OSHA's required confined or enclosed space

entry program (29 CFR 1926.21(b)(6)(i)). Train employees to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions

associated with their work and make sure they understand the confined space entry program and follow its procedures (29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2) and 1926.20(b)(1)).

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SUBPART G

Signs and Signals: Danger signs: For

imminent hazards. Predominant color is red.

Caution Signs: The area is potentially but not imminently dangerous. Predominant color is Yellow.

Exit signs: Red letters on white background.

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SUBPART G

Signs and signals: Safety instructions signs: Green upper panel with white

lettering. Directional signs: White lettering on black background. Traffic signs: Should conform to Manual of Uniform

traffic control devices for highways and streets. They should be placed at the very beginning of hazardous area.

Accident prevention signs : Used for temporarily tagging out tools and machinery that is defective.

Barricades and barriers

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SUBPART HHandling and Storing materials: Material handling incidents account up to 40% of cases in lost-time

accidents. Handling techniques and concerns:

- Most serious of injuries is back injury.

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SUBPART H Back safety and Lifting educational Program:

- Display poster illustrations

- Pre-employment screening

- Regular safety inspections Proper Lifting Techniques

- Plan Ahead

- Lift with your legs, Not your back

- Push, Don’t Pull

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SUBPART H Storage techniques and concerns:

- Do not store incompatible materials together.

- Workers must use personal fall arrest systems whenever they are working on stores material in silos, hoppers etc where height factor is involved.

- When storing materials in tiers, they must be secured to prevent slipping, sliding and collapsing of stack

- Maximum safe load limits of floors, expressed in pounds per square foot, should be posted conspicuously within buildings and other types of structures.

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SUBPART H Rigging of materials:

- In order to rig materials properly, one has to know

a) Proper rigging procedures

b) How to select the right equipment for the job

- When not in use, rigging equipment must be stored carefully in order to avoid the introduction of hazards

Types of rigging materials used:

- Welded alloy steel chains: They should have permanently affixed durable identification information, including size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturer.

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SUBPART H

- Wire rope: Wire rope and wire slings must conform with given values.

- Web slings: Web slings made of synthetic material must be permanently marked with manufacturers name, rate loads for various types of hitches and type of material.

- Shackles and hooks: Manufacturers specifications for safe loads should be used. When these are not available, the hooks should be tested for twice the planned safe load and keep a record of all such tests conducted.

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SUBPART H Disposal of waste materials:

- Use a chute of wood or an equivalent material any time waste materials are dropped a distance of 20 feet or more to an exterior side of a building.

- Signs and barricades of recommended dimensions should be used when waste material is being dropped from above.

- All waste material on a site should be removed as the work progresses ( but only after no more materials are being dropped if from a different elevation).

- All flammable materials, solvent wastes and oil rags must be kept in fire resistant containers.

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SUBPART I Pneumatic tools:

- Includes hammers, drills, sanders and chippers.

- Workers should always wear the necessary eye and face protection devices when using pneumatic tools.

- Pneumatic tools should be checked continually to ensure that they are securely attached to their air hose.

- All air hoses for pneumatic tools more than one-half inch in inside diameter must be equipped with a device to reduce pressure in the event of hose failure.

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SUBPART I Power-Actuated Guns:

- Only trained employees must be allowed to use the power actuated guns.

- Power actuated guns are not to be used in an environment which is flammable or explosive.

- Appropriate personal protection equipment like eye and face protection should be used when operating an actuated power gun.

- Defective or inoperable tools should be put out of service and should be tagged out properly.

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SUBPART I

CASE STUDY

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT: A carpenter apprentice was killed when he was struck in the

head by a nail that was fired from a power actuated tool. The tool operator, while attempting to anchor a plywood

form in preparation for pouring a concrete wall, fired the gun causing the nail to pass through the hollow wall. The nail travelled some twenty-seven feet before striking the victim.

The tool operator had never received training in the proper use of the tool, and none of the employees in the area were wearing personal protective equipment.

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SUBPART I

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SUBPART I

ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS: Institute a program for frequent and regular inspections of

the job site, materials, and equipment by a competent person(s) (1926.20(b)(2)).

Require employees exposed to the potential hazards associated with flying nails to use appropriate personal protective equipment. (1926.100(a) and 1926.102(a)(1)).

Train employees using power actuated tools in the safe operation of the particular tool (1926.302(e)(2)).

Train employees operating power actuated tools to avoid firing into easily penetrated materials (1926.302(e)(8)).

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SUBPART I Power tools ( Electrical):

- Electrical power tools should be equipped with an approved double- grounding and be grounded and double- insulated or be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer.

- The third prong on an electric plug should never be removed.

- They should be stored in dry place when not in use.

- They should be used only in dry conditions. Power tools ( hydraulic):

- The fluid used must be approved by US Bureau of mines.

- The fluid used must be fire-resistant.

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SUBPART I General precautions for welding, cutting and brazing:

- No construction personnel should be allowed to undertake welding, cutting or brazing without having proper training and earning the proper level of qualification.

- Before beginning any welding or related tasks, construction personnel should inspect the work area to identify and eliminate any hazards.

- Construction personnel should wear proper eye, face, torso and foot protection and take every precaution to avoid contact with sparks, hot slag, and hot surfaces.

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SUBPART I Specific precautions for fire prevention:

- Make sure that an operable fire extinguisher is nearby and easily accessible.

- Keep any type of ignition sources away from gas cylinders.

- Use only friction lighters to light welding and cutting torches. Never use a device that produces flame.

Specific precautions for ventilation:

- Mechanical ventilation may be either general or local exhaust systems.

- All replacement air should be clean, respirable, and within the safe breathing range.

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