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Study of BiologyStudy of Biology

Think: How can you tell if something is alive?

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What is Biology?What is Biology?

BiologyBiology is the study of is the study of all living thingsall living things

Living things are called Living things are called organismsorganismsOrganisms include bacteria, Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & protists, fungi, plants, & animalsanimals

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All Living Things All Living Things Share Common Share Common

CharacteristicsCharacteristics1.1. Basic Unit is the Basic Unit is the CellCell

2.2. They They ReproduceReproduce

3.3. All Based On Universal All Based On Universal Genetic Code Genetic Code (DNA)(DNA)

4.4. Grow & DevelopGrow & Develop

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Common Common CharacteristicsCharacteristics

5.5. Obtain & Use Materials & Obtain & Use Materials & EnergyEnergy

6.6. RespondRespond To Their Environment To Their Environment7.7. Maintain A Maintain A Stable Internal Stable Internal

EnvironmentEnvironment8.8. AS A GROUPAS A GROUP, Living Things , Living Things

EvolveEvolve, That Is They Change , That Is They Change Over TimeOver Time

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Characteristics of Characteristics of OrganismsOrganisms

I. Definition – biology:- The study of life

- bio = life- ology = the study of- All living things – 8 life functions

1.Transport:- absorption and circulation of materials

2.Respiration:- chemical process- how we obtain energy from food

3. Excretion:- removal of metabolic (cellular, liquid) wastes

4. Synthesis: (to make) - chemical activity- smaller molecules bigger molecules

#5 Regulation:- control and coordination of life activities- Nervous System + Endocrine System =

Regulation

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6. Organisms 6. Organisms Reproduce Reproduce to Pass to Pass on their Genetic on their Genetic

TraitsTraits

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Two Types of Two Types of ReproductionReproduction

Sexual Sexual ReproductionReproductionInvolves 2 Involves 2 parentsparents

Egg fertilized Egg fertilized by sperm to make by sperm to make a a ZYGOTEZYGOTE

Offspring Offspring DIFFERENT DIFFERENT from from parentsparents

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Two Types of Two Types of ReproductionReproduction

Asexual Asexual ReproductionReproductionInvolves a Involves a single organism single organism or cellor cell

Cell dividesCell divides

Offspring Offspring IDENTICAL IDENTICAL to to parentparent

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Cells Have a Genetic Cells Have a Genetic CodeCode

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Genetic CodeGenetic Code

DNADNA ( (deoxyribose nucleic deoxyribose nucleic acidacid) carries the genetic ) carries the genetic code for all organismscode for all organisms

All organismsAll organisms contain DNA contain DNA

DNA DNA codes for the proteinscodes for the proteins that make up cells & do all that make up cells & do all the workthe work

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7. Growth7. Growth

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Growth & DevelopmentGrowth & Development

Organisms Organisms growgrow by by producing MORE producing MORE CELLS & by cell CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENTENLARGEMENT

Organisms Organisms developdevelop as they mature as they mature into an adult into an adult organismorganism

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8. 8. NUTRITIONNUTRITION::Cells Require Cells Require Food & Food &

EnergyEnergy

Ingest: - taking in of food

Digest:- breaking down of food to absorb

nutrients

Egest:- removal of undigested food (solid)

Tuesday September 11

AIM: How do organisms stay “healthy?”DO NOW: you have 7 MINUTES to complete the living/nonliving chart!

-Go around the room and find 5 living and 5 nonliving “things” and tell me 3 REASONS WHY you decided each was alive or not!

HW: Vocabulary Worksheet

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Food RequirementsFood RequirementsAutotrophsAutotrophs can can make their own make their own foodfood

Photoautotrophs Photoautotrophs use sunlight to use sunlight to make food make food (photosynthesis)(photosynthesis)

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Food RequirementsFood Requirements

HeterotrophsHeterotrophs can NOT make can NOT make their own foodtheir own food

They must consume other They must consume other organismsorganisms

HerbivoresHerbivores eat plants eat plants

CarnivoresCarnivores eat meat eat meat

OmnivoresOmnivores eat plants & eat plants & animalsanimals

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MetabolismMetabolism

Sum of all the chemical Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organismreactions in an organism

All require All require energyenergy

SunlightSunlight is the ultimate is the ultimate energy for life on Earth energy for life on Earth

Two Key Words – Life Functions:

A. Metabolism: All 8 life functions working together to sustain life – A Species must do all of them!

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HomeostasisHomeostasis

Keeping The Keeping The Internal Environment Internal Environment (Homeostasis)(Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For LifeWithin The Ranges Required For LifeStable internal conditions of Stable internal conditions of pH, pH, temperature, water balance, etctemperature, water balance, etc..

http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/endocrine/adam-200092.html

September 12, 2012 September 12, 2012

AIMAIM: To understand the 8 life : To understand the 8 life functionsfunctions

DO NOW DO NOW : 1. Take out HW : 1. Take out HW

2. 2. THINKTHINK: What do you think would : What do you think would happen if an organism FAILED TO happen if an organism FAILED TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS???MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS???

HWHW: : STUDYSTUDY: Life Functions QUIZ : Life Functions QUIZ tomorrowtomorrow

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Life Functions Practice Life Functions Practice QuestionsQuestions

The The passagepassage of salts of salts into and out of cells into and out of cells is most closely associated with the life is most closely associated with the life process process

a. transporta. transport

b. respirationb. respiration

c. reproductionc. reproduction

d. digestiond. digestion

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Life Functions Practice Life Functions Practice QuestionsQuestions

Stained yeast were added to a paramecium Stained yeast were added to a paramecium culture, and some of the yeast were culture, and some of the yeast were ingested ingested by the paramecium. This activity is by the paramecium. This activity is most closely associated with which life most closely associated with which life function?function?

A)  synthesisA)  synthesis

B)  regulationB)  regulation

C)  nutritionC)  nutrition

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Life Functions Practice Life Functions Practice QuestionsQuestions

When do green plants carry on When do green plants carry on cellular cellular respiration?respiration?

(HINT: WHEN do living organisms need (HINT: WHEN do living organisms need energy?)energy?)

a. only during the nighta. only during the night

b. only during the dayb. only during the day

cc. during both the night and the day. during both the night and the day

d. neither during the night nor during the dayd. neither during the night nor during the day

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Life Functions Review QuestionsLife Functions Review Questions

Every Every single-celled organism single-celled organism is able to is able to survive survive because it carries outbecause it carries out

a. metabolic activitiesa. metabolic activities

b. autotrophic nutritionb. autotrophic nutrition

c. heterotrophic nutritionc. heterotrophic nutrition

d. sexual reproductiond. sexual reproduction

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Life Functions Review QuestionsLife Functions Review Questions

One characteristic of One characteristic of all living things all living things is is that theythat they

a. develop organ systemsa. develop organ systems

b. produce identical offspringb. produce identical offspring

c. maintain internal stabilityc. maintain internal stability

d. synthesize only inorganic matterd. synthesize only inorganic matter

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Life Functions Review Life Functions Review

The The removal removal of carbon dioxide and of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous nitrogenous wastes wastes from an organism from an organism illustrates the life function known asillustrates the life function known as

a. regulationa. regulation

b. nutritionb. nutrition

c. respirationc. respiration

d. excretiond. excretion

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Life Functions ReviewLife Functions Review

Which life activity is Which life activity is not not required for required for the survival of an the survival of an individual individual organismorganism

a. nutritiona. nutrition

b. respirationb. respiration

c. reproductionc. reproduction

d. synthesisd. synthesis

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