1st Semester Final Review

Facts or OpinionFacts are statements that can be proven.

Facts may be true or false.But facts can be proven.Opinions are statements that cannot be proven.

Opinions can be argued.Opinions may be supported with facts.Opinions cannot be proven.

Opinion or Fact

Examples1. Golf is boring.2. Statistically, women live longer than men.3. Most buses weigh more than most cars.4. Pizza is delicious.5. There are ten inches in a foot (false). 6. Math is the hardest subject.

Antonyms or Synonyms

• Anti – means against or opposite• Syn – means same• Onym – means name or word

• Antonym means a word with the opposite meaning

• Synonym means a word with the same meaning

What are the following pairs of words:

• Under ~ Over• Exit ~ Leave• Produce ~ Make• Fiction ~ Made up or Fake• Sequence ~ steps• Love ~ Hate

Plot Structure Components

Exposition: the main character & setting [time and place] are given. Also, the background information that is needed to understand the story and the conflict may be introduced. 

Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax.

Climax: The turning point. The most intense moment (either mentally or in action.)

Falling Action: all of the action which follows the Climax.

Resolution: The conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads.

Expositions• Exposition: The mood and conditions

existing at the beginning of the story. The setting is identified. The main characters with their positions, circumstances and relationships to one another are established. The exciting force or initial conflict is introduced. Sometimes called the “Narrative HOOK” this begins the conflict that continues throughout the story.

• Rising Action: The series of events, conflicts, and crises in the story that lead up to the climax, providing the progressive intensity, and complicate the conflict.

• Climax: The turning point of the story. A crucial event takes place and from this point forward, the protagonist moves toward his inevitable end. The event may be either an action or a mental decision that the protagonist makes.

• Falling Action/Denouement: The events occurring from the time of the climax to the end of the story. The main character may encounter more conflicts in this part of the story, but the end is inevitable.

• Resolution: The tying up of loose ends and all of the threads in the story. The conclusion. The hero character either emerges triumphant or is defeated at this point.

ChronologicalIn order of time

Chrono = timeStories are told chronologically

Moved Away Met Girl Fell in

LoveBorn in 1882

Marriedin 1906

Diedin 1948

Sequence / Order of Importance

Steps described in the order they occur.

Put on Shoe

Make Two Loops

Tie Loops Together

TightenLaces

Get bread

Open jars

Spread peanut butter

Spread jelly

Combine slices

Enjoy.

Does not take place at any specific point in time.

Cause and EffectExplains reasons why something happened.

Or explains the effects of something.

Not feeding it.

Not petting it.

Not loving it.

Why Dog Ran Away Lots of Karate

Movies in 60’s

Many Karate Schools Opened.

Nun chuck sales Increased 400%

Hospital caseswent up.

Problem and SolutionAuthor states a problem and solution(s).Similar to cause and effect.

MissingBooks

Putting inthe Closet

GettingLockers

Eagles wereendangered.

Make laws to protect them.

Basically Cause & Effect With an Opinion.And an answer.

Compare and ContrastCompare = find similarities Contrast = find differences

Shows what’s in common and what’s different.

Apples &Oranges

Fruits

Have Seeds

Healthy

Colors

TastesLocations

Spatial or Descriptive

Describes a place or thing or other noun usually utilizing prepositional phrases

In the center of theField is a water trough for the horses

Around the perimeter is a wooden fence

In the far corner is a red metal gate

DramaFiction PoetryFolkloreNonfiction

Tragedy

Comedy

Realistic Fiction

Fable

Historical Fiction

Fantasy

Myth

Science Fiction

Tall Tale

Legend

Fairy Tale

Biography

Autobiography

PersuasiveWriting

InformationalWriting

5 Main Genres1. Fiction: imaginative or made up writing,

Fake2. Nonfiction: writing that is true, NOT FAKE3. Folklore: stories once passed down orally

from generation to generation. Usually has an “unknown” author or will be “retold” or “adapted” by the author.

4. Drama: a play or script5. Poetry: writing concerned with the beauty

of language

Fiction GenreFICTION SUBGENRES• Historical Fiction: a STORY based on or around

a person or event from history. -HISTORY BASED, BUT IT NEVER REALLY TOOK PLACE

• Science Fiction: has aliens, robots, futuristic technology and/or space ships

• Fantasy: a story that has monsters, magic, or characters with superpowers… ex: Shrek (in years to come it could become a Fiction-fantasy story and a TRUE folklore- fairytale

• Realistic Fiction: a story that sounds real but it never really took place.

Nonfiction GenreNonfiction Subgenres• Informational Writing: explains something, cook

book, pamphlet, instructions, newspaper article• Persuasive Writing: tries to influence the reader,

SPEECH, advertisement• Autobiography: the life story written and told by

oneself.• Biography: the life story of someone told by

someone elseLatin Roots

Auto = Self Bio = Life Graphy = Writing

Folklore/Folktales genres

Fairytale: has magic and/or talking animals.• Often begins with “Once upon a time…”

ends with “They lived happily ever after…”• Often has a human main character

– Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs– Cinderella

THINK DISNEY!

Folklore Genre

Fable: short story with personified (TALKING) animals and a moral (LESSON LEARNED)ex: Goldilocks and the Three Bears, Little Red Riding Hood, Tortoise and the Hare, The Boy Who Cried Wolf

Goldilocks and the Three Bears- Disneyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atipwymJk5IThe Three Little Pigs -Disneyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Olo923T2HQ4Little Red Riding Hood and the Three Little Pigs -Disneyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c78fBl41OLcThe Three Little Pigs- The Muppetshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osBpB2lUL2w

Myth: has gods/goddesses and usually accounts for the creation of something, ex:Native American literature, Greek Mythology

ex: Greek and Roman: Perseus, Medusa, Pandora’s Box

Pandora’s Box-http://greece.mrdonn.org/greekgods/pandora.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9P3EYx6Bp8

ex: Native American: Crow Brings the Daylight, The Trickster Tricked, Kuekuatsu

Kuekuatsu- FROM WOLVERINE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBCB73yo240

Folklore Subgenres (continued)

Tall Tale• Set in the Wild West, the American frontier • Main characters skills/size/strength is

greatly exaggerated• Exaggeration is humorous

Paul Bunyan• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CNtcDjywBA

LegendBased on a real person or place

The Legend Of Robin Hood (archtype???)Robin Hood is one of the most famous legendary

characters of all time. Though his existence is not clearly verified, he is believed to be an English man from the medieval times.

He was a thief who fought against the injustice and tyranny by stealing from the rich and giving the money to the poor.

It is believed that he had a group of men working for him whom he called his “merry men”.

Robin Hood IS AN ARCHETYPE

John Henryhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MuCLvu0CkU

Johnny Appleseedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=484AJlOnOnc

Legends http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAh0LbaqutU

BigFoot

Lochness Monster

Drama Genre

Drama subgenreComedy: has a happy ending.Tragedy: ends in death and sadness.

A B C D E

1. Contrary Comparison Coexist Trisect quadrisect

2. monophobia Monotone Monochromatic Monologue Polytheism

3 Triped Unison unilateral Supervisor Commiserate

4 superior subconscious Counterfeit Combined Precautions

5 Subdued Contrast coincidence Contraband Prejudge

6 Surreal Polyclinic Precede Polyglot Polygraph

7 Hideous Warped Portrayed Misery Treacherous

8 Revenge Betrayal Misgivings Raid Wreck

9 Quadruple Devote monopoly Reveal Abandoned

10 Postpone Postmarks Postscript Supervised Contrarian

11 Subjected Counterexample Submerged Submarine Supervised

12 Preplan Preview Postdate Postpone polyglot

13 Subfreezing Subcutaneous Subordinate Unify monosyllabic