1) socrates project the primary prevention in alchological field in young adults population...

1) SOCRATES PROJECTTHE PRIMARY PREVENTION IN ALCHOLOGICAL FIELD

IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONIntroduction

THE PREVENTIVE INFORMATION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION IS VERY GENERIC AND NOT VERY

CORRECT

THE PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE ARE STILL UNDER A REGIME OF PREJUIDICE AND CERTAIN

STEREOTYPES


IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONINTRODUCTION

AMBIGUOUS SIGNIFICANT OF ALCOHOL:

- PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE

- ALIMENTARY VALUE

3) SOCRATES PROJECTTHE PRIMARY PREVENTION IN ALCHOLOGICAL

FIELD IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONINTRODUCTION

DIFFICULTY IN DEFINING THE TERM

“PREVENTION”

TWO TENDENCIES:

- prevention as non consumption of alcohol

- prevention as the education of the correct and moderate consumption of alcoholic beverage


IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONINTRODUCTION

PREVENTION NOT ONLY INFORMATION

OTHER LEVELS OF ACTION:

precocious diagnosis

damage limitation

FUTURE PREVENTIVE PROGRAMMES SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED IN THE OBIECTS THEY WISH TO REACH AND

DEFINE THE AREA THEY ARE REFFERED TO


IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONSOME DEFINITIONS

PRIMARY PREVENTION = interventions turned over the insurgence of a latent illness in a healthy person

SECONDARY PREVENTION = the complex of activity in defining and identifying in a presumably healthy person the

initial symptoms of the illness

THIRD PREVENTION = cure and rehabilitation phase, this tends towards the impediment of the escalation of the illness


IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONAdolescents, young adults and alcohol

CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE DRINKER:

- irregular assumption of alcoholic beverages

- preference to the week-end

- preferring beer and spirits

-use of alcohol within a group of their equals

-drinking out with the family circle



OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE DRINKER:

- drinking habit begins to increase between 15 -25 years old

- association of alcohol and the use of other substances (nicotine, cannabis, ecstasy and cocaine), drinking and driving, practising

extreme sport, gambling

- role of nicotine as “gateway drugs”



NEW TENDECIES OF JUVENILE DRINKER:

- emancipation of young female population and their use of alcohol

-lowering of age alcohol abuse (15-17) with a necessity of transgressive behaviour and experimentation



PATHOLOGICAL DRINKING AND PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS IN YOUNG ADULTS

LACK OF PERCEPTION AND GRATIFICATION

(Blum, 2000)

Characterised by incapacity to dilate the advantage of the condition

These persons are impulsive, tendency to be annoyed, intolerant towards frustration, tendency to transgress.




UNMOTIVATED SYNDROME OR “ETHIC SYNDROME”

(Andreoli, 1994)

Scarce tolerance towards fatigue and frustrations, orientated to living the present as an absolute time, a reduced sense of

responsibility and autonomy, affectively unstable and inconsistent




HYPERACTIVITY WITH A LACK OF ATTENTION

Lack of the capacity of concentration and distraction, impulsiveness, hyperactive behaviour and a difficulty in

comprehension




DISORDER OF CONDUCT

Adolescent with conflicts and violent behaviour, lying, stealing, cruel action towards animals an other persons, tendency to

having no respect for the rules




EXTREME TIMIDY

(Sloboda, 1997)

Tendency of closure and a social anxiety; suffer of psychosomatic illness that manifest in variable combinations; their mother are

excessively preoccupied and very possessive

Alcohol can be considered an attempt of auto-medication




ALIMENTARY BEHAVIOUR DISTURBANCE

Bulimia, Anorexia



THE PREVENTIVE ACTION IN THE 16 AND 30 YEARS OLD GROUP CAN BE DEVELOPED IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS:

- School

- Work

- Free time

-Sport time

- Social groups

- Family groups


IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONStudies in Alcoholism Prevention

A BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESEARCH EFFECTED ON THE COLLABORATION “COCHRANE” ON THE PREVENTION

OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER SUBSTANCE DIRECTED TOWARDS YOUNG PEOPLE UNDER THE 25 YEAR OLD

HAVE FOUND:

56 studies that entered in pre-specific criteria

- 43 studies on short term (1 year)

- 33 studies on middle term (1-3 years)

- 8 studies on long term (over 3 years)



FROM THE LONG TERM CASES (OVER 3 YEARS) THE RESEARCHERS VALUED THREE CASES IN MAJOR

DETAIL:

BOTVIN ET AL. (1995)

SPOTH ET AL. (2001)

SHINKE ET AL. (2000)



BOTVIN AND HIS TEAM (1995)

Intervention defined “life skill training”

Dedicated to the prevention of the misuse of tobacco, alcohol and other substances (illegal or not)

The target is to create a cognitive and behavioural competence, re-enforcing of self-respect, assertion of oneself, the managing of

social relationships, the coping with anxieties and the improvement in communicative abilities

15 educative session in the first year

10 strengthening and re-enforcement session in the second year

5 sessions in the third year



SPOTH AND COLLABORATORS (2001)

System defined “Strengthening Families Programme” (S.F.P.)

Based on weekly meetings of two hours and involved the family of the adolescent and specialised operators

The target is to create communicative competence, a clear view of reciprocal expectations, an improvement in behaviour and

discipline personal and social, emotional management

Gave a positive results in the control of alcohol misuse and the follow up after 2 and 4 years period



SCHINKE AND HIS GROUP (2000)

Considered the use of the system “Culturally focused interventions”

This programme was developed for the native American population

This entailed teaching problem solving methods, interpersonal communications and personal coping, using the myths, legends

and the history of the native American populations


IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONJUVENILE DRINKING AND DRIVING

ROAD ACCIDENTS CONSTITUTES THE FOURTH CAUSE OF DEATHS OF THE WHOLE POPULATION AND THE MAJOR CAUSE OF DEATHS IN THE 15-24

YEAR AGE GROUP

A THIRD OF ACCIDENTS IT HAS BEEN VERIFIED THAT MAJOR CAUSE WAS THE PRESENCE OF

PSYCHO-ACTIVE SUBSTANCE IN PRIME PLACE ALCOHOL



EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON PSYCHO-PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS:

- A reduction of vision width

- Effects on lateral vision

- A reduction in the reflexes

- Difficulty of movement coordination

- Time of reaction are decreased

- A reduction in critical capacity and judgement



A PREVENTION PROGRAMME SHOULD BE AIMED AT DRIVING SCHOOL, FREE TIME OCCUPATION

(DISCOTEQUES, PUBS, ETC.)

FINALITY OF IMPROVING AWERNESS OF THE RISKS AND A CONSCIENCE OF THEIR PERSONAL LIMITS



Emilia-Romagna is in third place (after Lombardy and Lazio) amongst the Italian regions with the highest

concentration of road accidents

The programme is directed towards an education of road sense and security and intense work prevailing the juvenile population, their preparation to driving and in the specific

on alcohological problems



THE PROGRAMME IN ROAD SAFETY OF EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGION INGLOBE IN COOPERATION:

Province

Local Council Health Services

Local Justice and Administration Offices

Civil Motorisation

Police

“Automobile” Association

Schools



THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES SHOW:

- Major risk of provoking an accident begins to manifest itself at alcoholemic levels of between 0,5 and 0,8 g/l

- Many substances and pharmaceuticals drugs increased the effects of alcohol

- at parity of alcoholemic levels the risks are major for drivers newly qualified and who drink less frequently

- the risk of an accident in younger drivers at night with alcoholemic levels superior to 1,5 g/l is circa 380 times

major to the risk taken by a sober younger


IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONALCOHOL, WORK AND THE YOUNG ADULT

THE HIGH SOCIAL COSTS OF THE USE OF ALCOHOL IN WORK PLACES REFERRING TO:

- a road accident

- illness

- premature death

- loss of productivity

- absence of family member due to assistance and cure



ALCOHOL IS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF ACCIDENT AT WORK:

10% to 39%of accidents at work can be accredited to alcohol abuse (Noventa, 1999)

A preventative alcohological action is considered necessary in the work place in light of the law 626 regarding the

improvement of the security an the health of workers in work place



It is projected the foundation and organisation within work place of a COMPANY PROTECTION AND

PREVENTION UNIT with a safety manager and a representative for the employees



THE SCOPE IS TO INFORM AND GAIN A RESPECT OF THE RISKS PRESENT IN WORK PLACES AND THE

METHODS TO AVOID AND REDUCE THEM:

in this context it is imperative to find space for alcohological interventions

_____________________________

An important aspect derives from the possibility of intervening on a wide population (young adults, adults)

who are no longer accessible to preventative methods in a scholastic system


IN YOUNG ADULTS POPULATIONALCOHOL CORRELATED PATHOLOGIES

A LOT OF STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONFIRMED THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL PATHOLOGIES THAT CAN BE CONCERN

VARIOUS ORGANS AND SYSTEMS (DOLL, 1994)



THE INVOLMENT OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PRESENT THESE CHARACTERISTICS:

- direct contact in various tracts

- different concentrations of ethanol

- interaction between chemical and physical modifications of the mucous level and alterations of the motor activity



THE INVOLMENT OF THE OESOPHAGUS:

- alteration in motility

- acute and chronic oesophagus inflammation

- syndrome of Mallory-Weiss

- carcinoma of the oesophagus



THE INVOLMENT OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENAL:

- acute and chronic gastritis

- gastric and duodenal ulcers

- bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract



THE INVOLMENT OF THE PANCREAS AND THE LIVER:

- chronic and acute pancreatic inflammation

- hepatic steatosi

- acute alcoholic hepatitis

- hepatic cirrosis



THE INVOLMENT OF THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:

- direct and indirect damage of neuronal cells

- reduction and blockage of the GABA and NMDA receptors

VARIOUS NEUROLOGICAL PATHOLOGY:

- delirium tremens, cerebral atrophia, epiliptics crisis, polineuropatia, mielopatia



THE INVOLMENT OF THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CAUSE A VAST

GAMMA OF PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS:

- physical and psychological dependence

- habit forming, syndrome of abstinence

- depression, anxiety

- memory and psychotic problems

- disturbance in sleeping

- disturbance in sexual relationships

38) SOCRATES SOCRATESTHE PRIMARY PREVENTION IN ALCHOLOGICAL FIELD


THE INVOLMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:

- studies that prove the damage to the cardiovascular system caused by abuse of ethanol

- other side of the argument notes the protective properties an the effects of a moderate assumption



THE INVOLMENT OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:

- direct action of ethanol and its metabolic activity within the endocrine cells with inhibition and stimulation of their

functional activity

1) socrates project the primary prevention in alchological field in young adults population...

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