1 sims 247: information visualization and presentation jeffrey heer tree visualization oct 26, 2005
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SIMS 247: Information Visualization and Presentationjeffrey heer
Tree VisualizationOct 26, 2005
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today
• administrivia• tree visualization• design exercise
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administrivia
• How are project proposals coming along?• If you have questions, concerns, or are seeking
advice, come to my office hours!!– Today, 1-2:30pm - 210 South Hall– Appointments also possible
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Graphs and Trees
• Graphs: – Representations of structured, connected data– Consist of a set of nodes (data) and a set of edges
(relations)
• Trees: – Graphs with a specific structure
• connected graph with n-1 edges
– Representations of data with natural hierarchy– Nodes are either parents or children
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Tree Visualization
• File Hierarchyin computer
• Need to navigate through the hierarchy to find a particular file
• Two common problems: “Where am I?” and “Where is the file that I am looking for?”
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Tree Visualization
• Organizational Chart
http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/spacetree/
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Tree Visualization• Tournaments
taken from “To Draw A Tree” by Pat Hanrahan
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Tree Visualization
• Family Trees
taken from “To Draw A Tree” by Pat Hanrahan
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Tree Visualization• Family Trees
taken from “To Draw A Tree” by Pat Hanrahan
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Tree Visualization• Evolutionary
Trees
taken from “To Draw A Tree” by Pat Hanrahan
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Tree Visualization
• Evolutionary Trees
taken from “To Draw A Tree” by Pat Hanrahan
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Tree Visualization
• Assembly Instructions
taken from “To Draw A Tree” by Pat Hanrahan
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Tree Visualization Approaches• Node-Link Diagrams
– Reingold-Tilford Layout– Radial Layout– Indented Layout– Cone Trees & Balloon Trees– Hyperbolic Trees
• Enclosure Diagrams– TreeMaps– Voronoi TreeMaps– Jigsaw Maps
• Alternative Approaches– Icicle Trees– Sunburst Diagrams– Cascaded Lists
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Top-down layout
Uses separate dimensions for breadth and depth
breadth --> width depth --> height
Reingold-Tilford Layout
tidier drawing of trees - reingold, tilford
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Radial Layout
Places children on increasing larger radii
A top-down layout converted into polar co-ordinates
breadth --> angle depth --> radius
gnutellavision – yee, fisher, dhamija, hearst
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Indented Layout
Places all items along vertically spaced rows
Uses indentation to show parent child relationships
Breadth and depth end up fighting for space resources
breadth --> height, locality depth --> height, indentation
microsoft file explorer
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Cone Trees
Top-down tree layout in three dimensions
Shadows provide 2D structure
Can also make “Balloon Trees” – 2D version of ConeTree
cone tree – robertson, mackinlay, and card
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Balloon Trees
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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• flattened cone trees
herman, melancon, and marshall
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Hyperbolic Trees
Places nodes using hyperbolic geometry
This is then projected into “normal” space
hyperbolic tree – lamping, raoh3 viewer – tamara munzner
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TreeMaps
Space-filling technique that divides space recursively
Segments space according to ‘size’ of children nodes
map of the market – wattenberg / smartmoney.com
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Voronoi TreeMaps
• TreeMaps that divide space using arbitrary polygons based on Voronoi tesselations.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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voronoi treemaps - balzer and deussen
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Jigsaw Maps
• Space-filling technique from Martin Wattenberg - a mathematical experiment at trying to achieve a “perfect” layout.
• Uses the mathematics of space-filling curves.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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jigsaw maps - martin wattenberg
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Icicle Trees
• Edges implied by adjacency and spatial relationship.
icicle tree in the infovis toolkit - jean-daniel fekete
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Sunburst Diagrams• Radial version of icicle trees.
sunburst diagram - john stasko
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Cascaded Lists
• Display one selected group of silbings at a time• Mac OS X File System Browser
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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More advanced trees…• We can augment the approaches we’ve seen
so far with additional visualization and interaction techniques. Some examples:
• Degree-of-Interest Trees / SpaceTree– top-down node-link diagrams with focus+context
• Elastic Hierarchies– node-link diagrams crossed with treemaps
• Dual Trees– bi-directional top-down node-link diagrams– developed for genealogical graphs
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degree-of-interest trees
doitrees - heer, card
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elastic hierarchies
• hybrid of node-link diagrams and treemaps
elastic hierarchies - zhao, mcguffin, chignell
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dual-trees
• a bidirectional tree visualization designed for navigating genealogical graphs (family “trees”)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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dual-trees - mcguffin, balakrishnan
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So what technique to use?• A cautionary tale:
– CHI Browse-off and evaluation of the hyperbolic tree– What makes the difference: the car or the driver?
• Reading– People read faster by scanning in lines (not arcs!)
• Convention– Does your application domain have established
conventions? How can you leverage or augment those?
• Designs with multiple visual components– How much screen real-estate do you give the tree?– (Sometimes that indented tree works the best!)
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Design Exercise
• Brainstorm new visualizations for family “trees”• Choose an aspect *NOT* covered by current designs• Here are some of the complications to consider:
– People as individuals / Couples as reproductive units– Ordering by Generation vs. Time– Divorce/Death/Remarriage– Polygamy– Incest (!)– Social vs. Biological lineages?
• Think of important questions a visualization should answer, use them to motivate the design– Are two people related? In how many ways?
• Work in groups of 3 or more. You will be asked to briefly present your ideas to the class on Monday!
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