1. road terminology 2. analysis of data

1. ROAD TERMINOLOGY2. ANALYSIS OF DATA3. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER ACTIONS4. FOUR OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS5. QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES

ROAD TERMINOLOGY

WHAT HAVE BEEN DONE ON TERMINOLOGY AFTER SESSION 9

THE FOLLOWINGS WERE DONE ON TERMINOLOGY AFTER 9TH SESSION OF MEETING

• Terminology were reviewed

• Some terms were renewed

• Some terms suggested to be deleted since they are so specific and not necessary forconstruction cost benchmarking study

• New literature added to reference list because of renewed terms

Definition needs to be developedin general part

Asset Management: [definition to be developed]. 1) A systematic process of operating, maintaining, and upgrading transportation assets cost effectively by combining engineering practices and analysis with sound business practice and economic theory. 2) The management of the physical infrastructure such as pavements, bridges, and airports, as well as human resources (personnel and knowledge), equipment and materials, and other items of value such as financial capabilities, right-of-way, data, computer systems, methods, technologies, and partners (11).

Design life of infrastructure: The length of time for which an infrastructure asset is being designed.

Design period of asset: [definition to be developed]. same as design life

Definition needs to be developed in general part

Definition needs to be developed in general part

Disposal cost: Costs associated with disposal of theasset at the end of its life cycle, including takingaccount of any asset transfer obligations. Note 1 toentry: Asset transfer obligations could include bringingthe assets up to a predefined condition. Note 2 to entry:Income from selling the asset is part of WLC, where theresidual value of the road infrastructure components,materials and appliances can be included (1).

Definitions needs to be transferredfrom general part to road part

25. Drainage: The removal of water from the highway right-of-way area by use of culverts, ditches, outsell channels and other drainage structures (8). should be in the road definition, Annex II

28. Edge line: The line used to differentiate the outer edge of the traffic lanes from the shoulder (8). should be in the road definition, Annex II

Should be added to reference list of General Part

(11) AASHTO Transportation Glossary, 4th edition, 2009.

Definitions suggested to be deleted from road part

Activity

Highway Agency

Alternative contracting

Anionic Bituminous Emulsion

Asphalt pavement

Cationic Bituminous Emulsion

Coarse aggregate

Correlation analysis

Crushed stone

Design period of pavement

Manufactured aggregate

Natural aggregate

Recycled aggregate


4. Activity: The specific action performed by the highway agency or thecontractor, such as initial construction or major rehabilitation. An activity isdefined by its physical costs, its service life, and its effects on highway users(5).

5. Highway Agency: Any government organization responsible for initiatingand carrying forward a highway program for the general public. (5).

8. Alternative contracting: The type of contract that is executed in ways otherthan traditional design-bid-build type (5).

10. Anionic Bituminous Emulsion: The emulsion in which the emulsifierimparts negative charges to the dispersed bitumen droplets (8).

19. Asphalt pavement: The structure consisting of one or more layers ofasphalt mix resting on a subgrade (16).

40. Cationic Bituminous Emulsion: The emulsion in which the emulsifierimparts positive charges to the dispersed bitumen droplets (8).

42. Coarse Aggregate: The designation given to the larger aggregate sizes withD greater than 4 mm and d greater than or equal to 1 mm (9).


48. Correlation Analysis: The statistical technique that is used to studythe relationship among variables (5).

56. Crushed stone: The product excavated from an in-situ deposit ofrock, crushed and processed for construction purposes withsubstantially all faces resulting from the crushing operation (11).

62. Design period of pavement: The period considered appropriate tothe function of the road. It is used to determine the total traffic forwhich the pavement is designed (14).


101. Manufactured Aggregate: The aggregate of mineral origin resulting from anindustrial process involving thermal or other modification (9).

108. Natural Aggregate: The aggregate from mineral sources that has been subjected tonothing more than mechanical processing (9).

140. Recycled Aggregate: The aggregate resulting from the processing of inorganic ormineral material previously used in construction. Note 1 to Entry: Recycled aggregatescan also be obtained from production residues or nonconforming products, e.g. crushedunused concrete (9).


23. Balanced cantilever bridge: Prestressed concrete balanced cantilever bridges are often built usingsegmental construction Balanced cantilever bridges are adopted for comparatively longer spans wheresimply supported, continuous or rigid frame type superstructures are found unsuitable.

The type of bridge that constructed using balanced cantilever technique to attach the segments in analternate manner at opposite ends of cantilevers supported by piers. (7)

37. Cable stayed bridge: The bridge whose deck is supported at more or less regular distances by cableswhich are fixed to the top or along a mast protruding from the deck plane. In most cases cable-stayedbridges are self-anchored, i.e. the normal force introduced in the deck by the cables on one side of a mastis compensated by the normal force introduced on the other side (7) [for Turkey to review].

A bridge in which the superstructure is directly supported by cables or stays, passing over or attached totowers located at the main piers (21).

Definitions suggested to be changed in road part

49. Corridor: The major area of travel between two points (A corridor may include more than one major route andmore than one form of transport) (14).

1) A strip of land between two termini within which traffic, topography, environment, and other characteristics areevaluated for transportation purposes. Also for transmission of a utility. 2) A broad geographical band that identifiesa general directional flow of traffic. It may encompass streets, highways, and transit alignments (21)

50. Corridor study: The broad geographical band that follows a general directional flow or connects major sourcesof trips. It may contain a number of streets, highways and transit lines and routes (11). A planning project thatdefines the relationships between a roadway and its adjacent land. Corridor studies are used to:

• Define acceptable levels of access and mobility,

• Determine transportation system needs to support surrounding land uses,

• Consolidate and control access points,

• Identify operational deficiencies and promote operational efficiency, and

• Promote redevelopment of an underperforming corridor (20).

Definitions suggested to be developed in road part

61. Design life of pavement (TR or Design

period of pavement): The length of time for

which a pavement structure is being designed

based on structural distresses and traffic

loadings (5).

Definitions suggested to be developed in road part

Add title of the term

Resurfacing by Strengthening: (Added)

Renewing of road surface with reinstalling

bituminous layer by removing determined depth

of pavement by milling in order to increase

bearing capacity of road and to eliminate road

defects. (7).

Should be added to reference list of road part

(20)https://www.fdotd7studies.com/altus19studies/what-is-a-corridor-study/

(21) AASHTO Transportation Glossary,4th edition, 2009.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

ANALYSIS OF DATA OBTAINED FROM QUESTIONNAIRE

BENCHMARKING DATA AVAILABILITYCONSOLIDATED DATA:5 COUNTRIES

• BULGARIA

• LATVIA

• RUSSIAN FEDERATION

• SWEDEN

• TURKEYPROJECT BASED DATA:2 COUNTRIES

• CROTIA

• MOLDOVA

DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE EVEN FOUR QUESTIONS WERE ANSWERED:

4 COUNTRIES

• CYPRUS

• CZECHIA

• FINLAND

• PORTUGAL

ANAYSIS OF BENCHMARKING DATAPROBABLE MISTAKES ON TABLES• DECIMAL PROBLEMS

• CURRENCY PROBLEMS

• DATA MISSING

• SOME DATA ARE CONFUSING

• MISREADING OF TABLES BY COUNTRIES

• NOT ENOUGH COST DATA

• NOT ENOUGH SOCIO ECONOMIC DATA

• NOT EHOUGH STATISTICAL DATA AS MAX, MIN, AVE.

• COST UNITS MAY NOT BE REGARDED CORRECTLY AS $/KM AND $/LANEXKM

• PRICES OF YEAR

• OTHER

EXPLANATION ABOUT MISUNDERSTANDINGS• WE ARE NOT SURE ABOUT DECIMALS

• LOOKS LIKE CURRENCY PROBLEM OR TOTAL COST IS GIVEN NOT PER KM OR PER LANEXKM

• TABLES MOST PROBABLY NOT CORRECTLYREAD BY COUNTRIES,

NEEDS MORE EXPLANATION

• VERY LIMITED DATA WERE COLLECTED

• COUNTRIES FILL EITHER CONSOLIDATED TABLE OR PROJECT BASED ONE. MOST OF THE COUNTRIES FILLED CONSOLIDATED ONE

ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRESOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Sample to decimal and/or unit problem?

Sample to misunderstandingof the cells!

Probably understood as in the year not end of and total

Sample to well understood data

Sample to missing data

Probably understood as in the year not end of and total

Sample

Sample to units in the table is not regarded but given in the cells

Good Sample

ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRECONSTRUCTION COSTS OF BRIDGES AND TUNNELS

Sample to missing data

Sample

Good Sample

ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRECONSTRUCTION COSTS OF ASPHALT ROADS AS SINGLE CARRIAGEWAY

Sample to misunderstandingof the cells!

Problem looks like the total value is given not as per km.

Good Sample

Questions about tables/ Not sure about dataCurrency, Decimals, Units, etc.

Sample to limited data, no statistical data

ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRECONSTRUCTION COSTS OF ASPHALT ROADS AS DOUBLE CARRIAGEWAY

Make a checklist tobe sure about data

Sample to limited data

Sample to Good Data

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER ACTIONS

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER ACTIONSCHECK THE POSSIBILITY TO GET MORE DATA FROM COUNTRIES

IF THE ANSWER IS YES

• PREPARE A CHECK LIST REGARDING FOR ALL DATA

• MAKE MORE EXPLANATION ON DATA TABLES FOR EACH CELLS REGARDING THE MISTAKES

• ASK MORE COUNTRIES AGAIN TO FILL THE TABLES

CHECK THE POSSIBILITY TO GET MORE DATA FROM COUNTRIES

IF THE ANSWER IS NO

• PREPARE A CHECK LIST AND ASK THE COUNTRIES TO CHECK THEIR DATA REGARDING THAT CHECKLIST

• SINCE DATA IS LIMITED, ANALYSIS MAY BE DONE NOT ACCORDING TO WORK TYPE JUST BY ROAD TYPE

• COST ANALYSIS JUST BY ROAD AS COST PER LANEXKM NOT AS DC OR SC

• PREPARE HEAT MAPS• DRAW CHARTS

Us$/Km

Reconstruction cost of secondary road as single carriageway

Us$/Km

Us$/Km

New construction cost of primary road as single carriageway

Us$/Km

US$/LanexKm

Resurfacing cost of motorwaysas double carriageway

US$/LanexKm

US$/LanexKm

Resurfacing cost of primary roads as single carriageway

US$/Km

New construction cost of motorwaysas double carriageway

US$/LanexKm

Us$/Km

US$/LanexKm

Sample Graph on Cost BenchmarkingStudy from literature

FROM ALL DATA

FOUR OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS

HOW IT IS GOING TO BE USED IN REPORT

1. How do you go about calculating, forecasting and evaluating transport

infrastructure construction costs?

2. How do you compare transport infrastructure construction costs over time and

normalize these costs by region/ time?

3. How do you make sure that the mechanism you use to calculate and assess

transport infrastructure costs also serve as a tool for costs control?

4. Do you use different cost calculation and evaluation methodologies for

construction in different modes? If yes, please explain.

Four Questions

Four Questions

• Are four questions answers going to be used in the report, if yes, how?

• The four questions answered by Turkey regarding that the answers are going to be used in the report

• Therefore especially answer to first question was detailed including scope of cost analysis and so on.

QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES

QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES1) Who will do the analysis?2) Who is going to prepare the report?3) What are the responsibilities of the group member while preparing the

report?4) There are two different types of data one is consolidated other one is

Project based. How they are going to be used in the report?5) Other than infrastructure project based data, data year is 2016. Whether

data is going to be updated, if yes, how?6) How the infrastructure Project based data is going to be normalized?7) What is the time table to prepare the report?8) Since we have very limited data, what will be the report contents, how

the report is going to be organized? What are the names of the chapter?

Mücahit ARMAN

Gökhan MACİT

Leyla ÜNAL

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF TURKISH HIGHWAYS

Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure

1. road terminology 2. analysis of data

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