1 reproductive system unit 46 adonis k. lomibao, r.n. 12/01/11
TRANSCRIPT
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Structure & Function
Produce reproductive cells.
-Male=sperm Female=ovum. Produces hormones responsible for sex
characteristics.
-Male= testosterone Female= estrogen & progesterone.
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The Reproductive Process
Male & female engage in sexual intercourse Male propels sperm and seminal fluid in which
they swim into the vagina. Sperm & egg meet in fallopian tube. Sperm
penetrates egg & conception takes place. Fetus develops in the uterus Female breasts produce milk for nourishment.
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The Male Reproductive Organs
Testes: produce sperm and testosterone. Epididymis: stores sperm & allows to mature Vas Deferens:carries sperm to seminal vesicles
during ejaculation. Seminal vesicles:receive & store sperm from
vas deferens
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Male organs cont.
Ejaculatory duct: carries fluid produced in seminal vesicles.
Prostate Gland:secretes fluid that increases ability of sperm to move in the seminal fluid.
Cowper's glands: produce mucous for lubrication.
Penis: composed of tissue that can be filled with blood.
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The Female Reproductive Organs
Vulva: made of labia majora & minora Clitoris:functions to begin the rhythmic series of
contractions associated with climax. Urinary meatus: opening to the urethra Vaginal meatus: The opening to the vagina or
birth canal.
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The Internal Female Structures
Ovaries: glands that produce estrogen and progesterone, and the egg. Egg releases=ovulation.
Fallopian tubes: pathway between ovary and uterus. Where sperm & egg meet. Fertilization!
Uterus: made of fundus, body, & cervix. Lined with special tissue called endometrium.
Vagina:between bladder & rectum. Streches. Lined with mucous membrane.
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Menstruation & Ovulation
Menstrual cycle begins at puberty. (9-17) Cycle usually between 25 & 30 days. A mature egg is released from ovary, travels to
fallopian tubes, may be fertilized by sperm. Menstruation- flow to carry out endometrium
when fertilization doesn't occur. Menopause- When the last ova are released &
cycle ceases.
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Conditions of Male Organs
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy- enlargement of the prostate gland without tumor development.
-Narrows urethra
-Can cause urinary retention
-non-cancerous
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Prostate Cancer
2nd leading cause of cancer deaths for males S&S Include difficulty voiding or starting
stream,frequency, urgency,retention,UTI, (p.825)
Screening: Prostate Specific Antigen in blood test.
Grows very slowly
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Treatment
Prostatectomy Transurethral prostatectomy- some of gland is
removed, working from inside. Perineal prostatectomy-entire gland is removed
through surgical incisions in perenium. Suprapubic prostatectomy Brachytherapy: type of radiation therapy where
seeds or pellets are implanted.
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Cancer of the Testes
Orchiectomy-removal of the testes. When malignant, removal is necessary. When early diagnosis made, early treatment
can avoid removal.
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Conditions of the Female Organs
Rectocele-weakening of wall between vagina and rectum. Cause constipation and hemmorrhoids.
Cystocele- weakening of the muscles between bladder & vagina.
Treatment-Colporrhaphy- tightens the vaginal walls.
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Vulvovaginitis
Most often caused by fungal infection of Candida albicans.
Thick, white vaginal discharge,inflammation, itching,
Special drugs and creams given..NOT douches..
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Tumors of Uterus & Ovaries
Indications are changes in menstrual flow
-Menorrhagia-excessive flow.
-Amenorrhea-lack of flow.
-Dysmenorrhea-difficult or painful menstrual flow.
-Metrorrhagia- bleeding at completely irregular intervals.
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Tumors of U & O Cont.
Ovarian cancer dangerous due to lack of S&S until it is advanced and metastasized.
Strong familial link, common if over 50yo,risk if never had children, or taking fertility drugs.
Women taking birth control has lower risk. S&S Ovarian cancer: abdominal pain, bloating,
Nausea, frequent urination,abn. Bleeding, etc. (p827).