1. representative government representative democracy or republic free and fair elections
TRANSCRIPT
1. Representative Government
Representative democracy or RepublicFree and fair elections
4. Rule by Law1. No person is above the law.2. Laws give power and protection.3. Written laws or constitutions to
protect against abuses by the government.
4. Laws must be just.
9. Plato believed that in an ideal society the government should be controlled by a class of “philosopher kings”.
Wise men should
rule for the
general good!
6, 7 Individual Rights1. The belief that each person has basic
human rights and freedoms.2. Civil liberties: People’s freedom of
thought and action.3. Civil rights: The rights of citizens to
be treated equally under the law and to have equality of opportunity.
4. Majority rules, minority rights: The minority still has the right to express its opinions.
“He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him: passion influences those in power, even the best of men, but law is reason without desire…” -Aristotle
The requirement that government actions must adhere to the law
10.
13. Jewish law teaches morality.
a. Hebrew laws focused more on morality and ethics and less on political matters.
15 Magna Carta- First Limit of King’s Power
No tax without consent
Trial by peers or by law of land
No depriving life, liberty or property without due process of law
King John of England 1215
21. THE ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHES: WHAT WAS THEIR MAIN IDEA?
John LockeVoltaireAdam SmithMary Wollstonecraft
22-a. Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet)
1. Published more than 70 books (political essays, philosophy, history, fiction, etc.)
2. Loved to use satire to make fun of clergy, aristocracy (nobles), and government.
3. BIG IDEA: Freedom of speech and religion
“I disapprove of what you have to say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
22-b. Mary Wollstonecraft
1. Called for increased rights of women
a. Women deserve/need the same education as men
2. BIG IDEA: Desired increased opportunities in work and politics
(Women should be able to be doctors not just nurses)
laissez-faire – “leave alone”I. Adam Smith – Wealth of
NationsA. Philosopher and
economistB. Society will run best with
“free enterprise”1. Entrepreneurs run business
to make profit
2. More profit = expansion = more jobs = more goods
3. Government should stay out of businesses (no regulation)
22-c
22-d. John Locke
1. Wrote Two Treatises on Government (1690)
2. Positive view on humanity3. Government was to protect the rights of
the people4. BIG IDEA: Natural Rights of man
a. Power of Government comes from the people
25. Fall Out 1765: England imposes taxes to help pay
for defense w/ out colonial reps in Parliament Colonists boycott all trade with England Years of tension
1774 First Continental congress: 55 delegates from 12 colonies send Declaration of Rights
British troops to Lexington and Concord to arrest rebellious political leaders and destroy colonists’ weapons
26. American Revolutiona. “Shining beacon” to
Europeb. Proof revolution could bring about positive change
• July 4, 1776: Second Continental Congress accepts Declaration of Independence
• Influenced by writings of John Lock (1632-1704)– Natural Rights: life, liberty and property– Consent of Governed: people agree on
rulers, rulers have responsibility to people
28-29 Thomas Jefferson
English Bill of Rights
Reiterated Fair trial Parliament consent to tax
Parliament must consent to standing army Free elections to parliament No suspension of law w/ out Parliament
consent
William and Mary 1689Signed in Exchange for Thrown
32-33. France’s The 3 Estates in the Old Regime
36. Tennis Court OathWe’re not leaving
until there’s a
new constitutio
n!
37. The Storming of the Bastille
38. Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789)
"First Article – Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be founded only on the common utility."
a. “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.”
Beginning of the idea of universal human rights.
b. Natural Rights: Liberty, property, safety and resistance to oppression…
c. Law is an expression of the general will.
41. The March on Versailles
42. Radicals begin to take control of the Revolution. Jacobins Most radical and
popular political club.
Democratic revolution
Rousseau’s The Social Contract (1762), the general will
48. Congress of Vienna
Balance of Powera. LAND: Russia and
Prussia wanting more lands, allows France to enter picture on the side of Austria and Britain.
b. France surrounded by allies.
53. Industrial “Revolution”
1. Not violent but a period of rapid change.
2. Roughly 1780-1850.3. Machine production replaced hand manufacturing.
74. (continuted) D. Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat
1. Proletariat – working class, wage earners
2. Proletariat must violently overthrow the government for capitalism to fall
E. The impact and failure of Marxist ideas
3. Successful Communist revolutions: Russia, China, and Cuba (non industrial nations)
4. Why is this not what Marx believed would happen?
71-72 Population problemsA. Thomas Malthus
1. Population grows faster than food supply and jobs
2. Unending poverty and unemployment
3. Government should not help the poor (Moral restraint)
B. David Ricardo1. “Iron law of wages”2. Population creates
more workers, more workers keep wages low
73. SocialismA. Capitalism believes in Private Ownership of
businessB. Socialism believes in Public Ownership of
business
C. Socialists wanted the good of all people not the good of economy
1. Supported cooperative communities2. Supported welfare systems3. Stop poverty, greed, and social problems with
government control of businesses
New Lanark
A Cooperative community
74. Communist ManifestoA. Karl Marx creates the “pure”
form of Socialism – Communism1. All property and means of
production are owned by the people (equal share)
B. 2 types of people in society1. “haves” and “have-nots”
C. Capitalist gain profit at the exploitation of the workers1. “Workers of the world, UNITE!”
2. Only the destruction of Capitalism would end the classes in societya. No rich and no poor!
75.
75.
75.
Reaction to Imperialism Sepoy Rebellion – Indian soldiers
rebel because of British rifle cartridges
After a year of fighting, the British take direct control of the country (known as the “Raj”). Indians can’t unite because of
differences between Hindus and Muslims
77. India
Reaction to Imperialism Boxer Rebellion (1898-1900)
Chinese are frustrated with the special privileges given to foreigners, they rebel and attack foreign missionaries in China (Christians)
The Rebellion is crushed (by foreign troops), but Chinese Nationalism begins to grow
77. China
B. History1. 1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry forces
Japanese to trade (US Navy Forces)2. Treaty of Kanagawa (1854): Japan forced to
trade with the U.S., others follow
Japan
79.
