1 renewable energy options for the indian railways amit kumar teri, new delhi december 21, 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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Renewable Energy Options for the Indian Railways
Amit KumarTERI, New Delhi
December 21, 2011
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Outline
India’s energy scenario Historical perspective Rationale for renewables Renewable energy scenario Type of applications Potential applications Enabling environment
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Electricity fuel mix
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Historical Perspective
1997/1998
1998/1999
1999/2000
2000/2001
2001/2002
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
2005/2006
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Electricity usage
Non TractionTraction
Year
Million kWh
1997/1998
1998/1999
1999/2000
2000/2001
2001/2002
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
2005/2006
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
High Speed Diesel usage
Non TractionTraction
Year
Million Litres
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Indian Railways Vision 2020
“At least 10% of its total energy to come from renewable sources such as solar power, wind, and biomass etc.”
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Why renewable energy?
• The demand for energy in the country has been growing rapidly.– It has been estimated that by 2031, India’s
energy needs would be about seven times that of 2001 levels.
• The current trends indicate clearly that the country would be facing constraints in indigenous availability of conventional energy resources.
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…Why renewable energy?
• Environmental concerns– Climate change– Local environmental aspects
• Fuel diversity– In today’s environment, there is a need for a
broad variety of resource options: • Ranging from conventional fossil alternatives to
renewable (low-risk) energy ones• Renewables have minimal operating cost risk
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RET scenario worldwideIndicators 2008 2009 2010
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India on global scale
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…India on global scale
• 8th in total clean energy investment (SEFI-Bloomberg Report, 2009)
• 5th in total renewable power capacity and wind power
• 2nd in annual wind power addition in 2010• 3rd in annual solar hot water heating
systems
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Grid connected RETs in India
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Grid Electricity
RE for decentralized applications
Types of applications
• Traction– Locomotive fuels– Electricity
• Non-traction– Stations– Workshops– Manufacturing facilities– Centralized kitchens– Signals– Automated ticketing
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Renewable energy technologies
• Solar energy • Wind energy• Bio-energy
Traction
• Indian Railways uses approximately 2 million tonnes per annum of diesel.
• Indian Railways owns large area of land.• Bio-crops can be cultivated along the rail
tracks and other land available.• It is estimated that the railways can produce
enough bio-diesel to replace about 5 to 10% of its diesel requirement.
• IR can also deploy off-site RE power plants to supply its electricity needs for traction.
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Wind energy
• On-site power generation• Off-site power generation
Solar energy
• Roof-top solar PV plants• Solar PV plants along the tracks• Concentrating solar thermal power plants
(off-site)• Stand-alone systems
…Solar energy
• Electricity/lighting– Signaling– Automated ticketing machines– Station lighting– Communication and computing system– Un-manned crossings
• Thermal– Solar water heating– Solar steam cooking– Solar air-conditioning
Enabling environment
• Regulatory facilitation– Feed – in tariff– Renewable Energy Certificates– Access to grid– Wheeling of electricity– Banking of electricity
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… Enabling environment
• To encourage investment in the sector; the Government provides many different types of incentives:– 80% accelerated depreciation in 1st year– IT section 80 I A: 10 year IT holiday– Generation Based Incentive– Exemptions in duties and taxes– Exemption from payment of electricity duty– Exemption from demand cut
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Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
Sl
No
Application TargetsPhase 1 (2010 – 13) Phase 1 (2013 – 17) Phase 1 (2017 – 22)
1 Solar Thermal Collectors
7 million square meters
15 million square meters
20 million square meters
2 Off Grid Solar Applications
200 MW 4000-10000 MW 20000 MW
3. Grid Power including roof top and small plants
1100 MW 4000-10000MW 20000MW
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Provisions under JNNSM
• Policy and Regulatory Framework promoting solar power– Renewable Purchase Obligations of Solar
power for utilities in a state. REC mechanism to facilitate this.
– Feed in Tariffs fixed by CERC and revised yearly. CERC stipulates that PPAs must be for 25 years.
– Bundling of power by NVVN.
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…JNNSM
– Generation Based Incentive payable to project owner under Small solar and Rooftop program (by distribution utility).
– Capital Subsidy on benchmark cost for off-grid and decentralized solar applications.
– Soft loans at 5% interest rate from IREDA– Accelerated Depreciation and Tax holiday
