1

Q1 set aside the time

currently leading authority

Q2. infectious diseases(L3)

contaminated water (L7)

Q3 essentially

accelerate (L6)

Q4 pose a direct threat to …

marine life chain

2

1. commercial vehicles (p. 82 L1)

2. react to the problem (L2)

registration taxes(L7)

4 urban travel pattern(L7)

overall theme(L8)

Clever commuting(L9)

5. Beijing’s transit rail network(L4)

3

1. increase in both variety and number (last line)

2. flourish

• (2) waste product of animal life

• (3) distribution

evaporation

4. define the standards (L4)

reflect the current situation(L7)

5. push voluntary efforts (L1)

demonstrate “green practices”

integrate concerns into……

5

1. adjust equipment(L2) scale sth. down(L6) alleviate the problem(L7)2. have motivation to do(L2) install equipment(L5)3. Energy efficiency (L3) Develop alternative energy(L1) sustainable energy (L2) be currently costly(L4) offshore power plants(L9) harness wind power(L9)

text

1

Q1 set aside the time currently leading authorityQ2. infectious diseases(L3) contaminated water (L7)Q3 essentially as far back as (L4) accelerate (L6)Q4 drastically less than what we

expected for this century (L1) regarding the significance of

…(L2) pose a direct threat to … marine life chain

• 留出时间• 目前的权威• 感染性的疾病• 被污染的水• 在本质上说是的• 追溯到• 加速• 比我们预计这个世

纪的增长要少得多• 对于…的严重性来

说• 对…造成威胁• 海洋生物链

infectious disease

vt. give a disease to someone

My brother has infected me with a bad cold.vt. affect by example

One bad boy may infect a whole class. vt. influence by spreading

His courage infected us all.

Essential1) absolutely necessary Skin is an essential part of our body. Strong boots are essential for mountaineering.2) n. a thing that is fundamental or necessary Everyone should learn the essentials of first aid. Is a television an essential for a family?

Essentially basically She is essentially selfish person.

2

structure of the passage

Part1 lead in the problem

The number of cars is increasing.Part 2 analyzing the problem

Motor vehicles contribute considerably to pollution.Part 3 solution to the problem

What can we do to cut down car exhaust?

• one aspect is government

• 2nd aspect of change is that taken by individuals.Part 4 advocate

What measures?What examples?

What measures?What examples?

1. commercial vehicles (p. 82 L1) as of 2008 (p.82 L1)2. to be exact (L4)3. react to the problem (L2) promote voluntary abstentions(L4) road tolls(L6) registration taxes(L7)4 . Institute (L3) facilitate widespread debate(L6) urban travel pattern(L7) overall theme(L8) Clever commuting(L9)5. Beijing’s transit rail network(L4)6.hand in balance (last line)

• 商业交通工具• 如 / 像 2008 年• 精确地说• 对问题做出反应• 推进自动放弃私家车• 道路费• 注册费• 开始，发动• 帮助推广• 城市交通模式• 整体主题• 明智通行• 北京铁路交通网络• 悬而未决

The Use of Discourse Marker

on the other handDriving a personal car brings attention,

convenience, comfort, luxury and privacy. On the other hand, motor vehicles contribute considerably to pollution. (para2 L2)

Hang in balance

We simply need to bring the problem to the fore,

rather than putting it off as a problem for future consideration. Our health and the earth’s environment hang in balance. (last sentence.)

The diversity of vocabulary

The governments are reacting to the problem by __________( 推动） public transportation and _______________________ traffic. （提高交通效率）

Governments should __________ （推动） voluntary abstentions and separate commercial and private traffic to _____________________ roads （提高道路效率） .

Raising …. is also___________. （有效的）

促进，推动 提高效率

developingimproving the efficiency of

promote

increase efficient use of

effective

• car exhaust (product)

• a pollutant

• car emission

Sentence

p. 80

Unit 4

4

减轻问题 /压力• alleviate /relieve the problem减少排放 /浪费• shave off greenhouse gases (emissions)• scale down energy waste节能• save a massive amount of energy• make more efficient use of energy• switch to green power鼓励、环保• have motivation to /motivate sb. to • make sth./sb. environmentally friendly• develop alternative/sustainable energy• space/energy efficient and green

Solutions to Global Warming

Solutions to Global Warming

The first solution that come to mind is to reduce greenhouse gases, such as…, by…

A second solution is to pass a law requiring all buildings to reach a certain level of energy efficiency.

A third solution is for the government to develop alternative energy and encourage everyone to use it.

The answer to this is my fourth solution, which I think would be the most effective of them all. Government should raise taxes on carbon dioxide emissions.

Individual level

1. adjust equipment(L2)

shave off gases it emits(L5)

scale sth. down(L6)

drastically help alleviate the problem(L7)

2. have motivation to do(L2)

environmentally friendly(L3)

install equipment(L5)

it all come down to money(L8)

3. Energy efficiency (L3)

renovate the buildings(L5)

• 调整设备• 刮掉，削平• 调低• 帮助减轻 / 缓和问

题的严重性• 有动机干某事• 环保• 安装设备• 所有这些租金都会

降低• 节能• 修复建筑物

4. Develop alternative energy(L1)

sustainable energy (L2)

sources other than fossil fuels (L3)

be currently costly(L4)

offshore power plants(L9)

harness wind power(L9)

5. Raise taxes on carbon dioxide emissions(L2)

• 开发替代能源• 可持续能源• Rather than 化石

燃料以外的能源• 目前很昂贵• 近海电厂• 利用风能

• 提高在二氧化碳的排放

appreciate the sentenceappreciate the sentence

The sooner we all acknowledge that it’s real, the sooner we can solve the problem.

The magnificent snow-covered Himalayan Range, especially Mount Everest, towering as high as 9,954 meters above sea level, are a natural wonder which attracts the whole world’s attention. (L8 para 1)

3

metaphor

• the earth

• atmosphere

• life forms on the earth

• spaceship Earth

• spacesuit

• the unique phenomenon

structure of the passage

• para 1-2

• para 3

• para 4-6

the __________ of the atmospherethe __________ of the atmosphere

changethe _________ taken worldwide

• US

• Japan

• South Korea

importance

danger

measures

main idea?

purpose?

para 2

(5) the maintenance of temperature

(abstract word---- concrete explanation)

para 3

• act (L3)

• pollutant(L4)

• hazardous(L4)

• wondrous/disastrous/monstrous

• revise a law to reflect the current situation (L6)

Guess the meaning of the words

in turn (para 1 L3)

It keeps the most harmful radiation out and allows other radiation to enter to energize plants, which in turn feed and energize animals.

• They look after their mother in turn.

• Her face became red in her turn.

• Theory derives from practice and in turn serves practice.

1. increase in both variety and number (last line)

2. flourish• (2) waste product of animal life• (3) distribution evaporation4. define the standards (L4) reflect the current

situation(L7)5. push voluntary efforts (L1) demonstrate “green practices” integrate concerns into……6. Para 6

• 在物种和数量上增加

• 繁荣• 动物粪便• 分配• 蒸发• 限定标准• 反映目前情况• 推动自愿努力• 展示绿色做法• 把对环境变化

的关心融入…

4

• Known widely as an environmental activist, Nobel laureate and the 45th vice president of the United States, Al Gore has definitely made his name known in today’s society.

1. rise to fame (L3 ） the leading figure (L4)2. pursue (L6) follow his term (last line) run for president (last line)3. pursue significant endeavors(L

1) co-launch an organization serve as chair London-based management fir

m seek to help…

• 成名• 主要人物• 追求• 接着他的任期• 竞选总统• 追寻重要目标• 共同发动• 作为主席• 以伦敦为基地的

管理公司• 努力去帮助

4. straightforward (L1)

act boldly (L2)

underlying causes (L3)

undergo a string of ….(L4)

under the influence of (L4)

stern warnings (L4)

highlight the opportunity (L6)

plentiful resources (Last line)

5. adopt measures (L3)

with …being as serious as it is (L4)

• 直率• 大胆行动• 潜在的原因• 经历一 xi列的…• 在…的影响之下• 严厉的警告• 强调机会• 充足的资源• 采取措施• 伴随着全球变暖

像现在这么严重…