1 public perceptions of the security sector and police work in yemen a yemen polling center survey...
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Public Perceptions of the Security Sector and Police Work in Yemen
A Yemen Polling Center SurveyMajor FindingsJanuary 30, 2013
funded by the European Union
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Please cite as follows: Yemen Polling Center (2013): Public Perceptions of the Security
Sector and Police Work in Yemen. Major Survey Findings. Sanaa: YPC.
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ObjectivesTo better understand the nature of• Insecurity in Yemen;• Local security provision;• Non-state actors;• Attitudes of the public towards the police; and• Gender-related security issuesin order to provide input on necessities &
opportunities of security sector reform.
Yemen Polling Center
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Methodology
• Field work conducted between November and December 2012
• Target sample: 2000 respondents. Actual sample: 1990 respondents
• Yemenis aged 18+• Even number of male and female
respondents
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Demographics of the sample
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GovernorateIbb 11.1%
Abyan 2.0%
Sana'a City 9.5%
Al-Baydha’ 3.0%
Taiz 12.1%
Al-Jawf 2.0%
Hajja 7.5%
Al-Hudaida 11.1%
Hadhramawt 5.0%
Dhamar 7.0%
Shabwa 2.5%
Sa’da 3.0%
Sana'a 4.5%
Aden 3.0%
Lahj 3.5%
Marib 1.0%
al-Mahweet 2.5%
Al-Mahra .5%
Amran 4.5%
Al-Dhali’ 2.5%
Rayma 2.0%
Total 100.0%Yemen Polling Center
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In regard to the education you completed, which of the following phrases describes it best, if any?
Yemen Polling Center
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What is your employment situation?
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What do you think about the current situation in Yemen, is it going in the right direction or the wrong direction?
Yemen Polling Center
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Economy
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Jobs
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Fighting Corruption
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Security Situation
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Human Rights
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Women’s Rights
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Public Services
Yemen Polling Center
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse:
Anti-Terrorism Efforts
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I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Political Situation
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In your opinion, are these institutions active in your area in a positive way, active in a negative way, neither positive nor negative, or not active at all?
Percentage
Local Council in this area
Active in a positive way
16.0%
Active in a negative way
30.9%
Neither positive nor negative
25.9%
Not active at all 27.1%
Political Parties in this area
Active in a positive way
12.7%
Active in a negative way
36.9%
Neither positive nor negative
24.4%
Not active at all 26.0%
Police in this area Active in a positive way
14.6%
Active in a negative way
13.9%
Neither positive nor negative
22.0%
Not active at all 49.5%
NGO/CSO in this area
Active in a positive way
11.0%
Active in a negative way
6.5%
Neither positive nor negative
15.5%
Not active at all 67.0%
Tribal leaders in this area
Active in a positive way
31.4%
Active in a negative way
27.1%
Neither positive nor negative
23.8%
Not active at all 17.6%
Religious groups in this area
Active in a positive way
38.3%
Active in a negative way
12.9% Yemen Polling Center
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THE SECURITY SITUATION
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How do you evaluate the general security situation in your area? By governorate
Yemen Polling Center
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In comparison to one year ago, how do you evaluate the security situation in this area? Has it improved or has it deteriorated?
Yemen Polling Center
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In comparison to one year ago, how do you evaluate the security situation in this area? Per governorate
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How safe do you personally feel?
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How safe do you personally feel? By governorate
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How safe do you feel traveling outside this area? By governorate
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In reality, who ruins security in this area? (open question, record one answer)
Percentage
No One 50.3%
Huthis 10.2%
al-Qa'ida & Ansar al-Shari'a
8.7%
Tribal Shaykhs 6.5%
Islah 5.5%
Extremists 3.2%
Local people themselves
2.3%
Other political groups 2.3%
GPC 2.2%
Powerful people in general
2.1%
Government 1.5%
Southern Movement 1.4%
Police 1.3%
Army 1.1%
Local officials .6%
Neighboring Countries
.4%
Popular Committees .3%
Religious leaders .1%
Total 100.0%
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In reality, who ruins security in this area? By governorate
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In reality, who brings security to this area? (open question, record one answer)
Percentage
People themselves 41.1%
Tribal shaykhs 22.2%
Police 21.9%
'Aqil 19.6%
No one 18.7%
Powerful people in the area 7.6%
Tribes 4.8%
Popular Committees 4.1%
Government 2.9%
Religious leaders 2.7%
Army 1.9%
Huthis 1.2%
Provincial/district governor .8%
Southern Movement .7%
al-Qa'ida & Ansar al-Shari'a .3%
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In reality, who brings security to this area? By governorate
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What phenomena in this area pose the greatest threats to your personal security? (open question, record one answer)
Percentage
Tribal conflict 6.2%
Terrorist groups 3.4%
Living expenses & unemployment
17.3%
Thefts 6.8%
Armed groups 5.7%
Political conflict 2.5%
Proliferation of small arms
7.2%
Sexual harassment on the streets
1.1%
Rape .3%
Landmines and explosive devices
.7%
Drones .8%
Land conflicts .8%
Family conflicts .8%
Sectarian conflicts 1.5%
Kidnapping 1.4%
Presence of military bases in my neighborhood
.3%
Nothing 36.8%
Other 3.8%
Al-Qaeda and Ansar al-Shar'ia
.5%
Houthis .8%
I don’t know 1.5%
Refused to answer .1%
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To protect yourself and your family, what procedures do you rely on? (open question, record 1 answer)
Yemen Polling Center
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POLICE STRUCTURE & PRESENCE
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Are the following institutions part of the police or not?
Percentage
Traffic police Yes 77.1%
No 10.0%
I don't know 12.8%
Firefighters Yes 60.8%
No 14.3%
I don't know 24.8%
CSF Yes 72.4%
No 12.1%
I don't know 15.4%
Najda Yes 81.6%
No 5.7%
I don't know 12.6%
Passport and Immigration Authority
Yes 50.6%
No 23.4%
I don't know 26.0%
Investigative police Yes 73.3%
No 7.8%
I don't know 18.8%
The Civil Registration Authority
Yes 55.1%
No 20.2%
I don't know 24.6%
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Right now for administrative issues (IDs & birth certificates) you have to go to a police station. In the future, would you prefer to
keep it as it is now or to have it to another place outside the police station?
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Is there a police station in this area?
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Is there a police station in this area? By governorate
Yemen Polling Center
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Would you feel more or less secure if there were…
Percentage
More police in this area
Less secure 19.6%
The same 17.0%
More secure 63.5%
More army units in this area
Less secure 35.0%
The same 18.7%
More secure 46.4%
More tribal leaders in this area
Less secure 40.4%
The same 30.1%
More secure 29.4%
Yemen Polling Center
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In your opinion, are the police in this area active in a positive way, active in a negative way, neither positive nor negative, not active at all?
Yemen Polling Center
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In your opinion, are the police in this area active in a positive way, active in a negative way, neither positive nor negative, not
active at all? By governorate
Yemen Polling Center
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PERCEPTIONS OF THE POLICE
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To what extent do you think the police treats the following groups fairly?
Percentage
Women Very fairly 12.9%
A little fairly 34.0%
A little unfairly 14.1%
Very unfairly 13.5%
Don't know 25.4%
Marginalized groups (e.g. akhdam)
Very fairly 3.3%
A little fairly 12.1%
A little unfairly 19.4%
Very unfairly 40.0%
Don't know 25.2%
The elderly Very fairly 12.5%
A little fairly 34.5%
A little unfairly 16.9%
Very unfairly 16.4%
Don't know 19.7%
The poor Very fairly 4.8%
A little fairly 17.2%
A little unfairly 20.9%
Very unfairly 42.0%
Don't know 15.1%
Refugees Very fairly 5.1%
A little fairly 10.8%
A little unfairly 15.8%
Very unfairly 21.9%
Don't know 46.5%
Foreigners that are not refugees
Very fairly 32.8%
A little fairly 16.8%
A little unfairly 2.9%
Very unfairly 4.2%
Don't know 43.3%
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How much confidence do you have in the police?
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Confidence in police by respondents who said that the police is not active in their area at all
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In your opinion, what is the reason for the general lack of confidence in the police? (open question, record 1 answer)
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In the past twelve months, have you or a member of your family been offered help by a police officer in a positive way when you
needed assistance?
Yemen Polling Center
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In your opinion, what is the level of corruption in the following institution:
Yemen Polling Center
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In the past twelve months, have you or a member of your family been asked for bribes? (respondents who had interacted with
the police in the past twelve months)
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By whom were you asked for a bribe?
Sample Size: 317
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What were you asked to give?
Sample Size: 310Yemen Polling Center
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What were you asked to give a bribe for?
Sample Size: 277Yemen Polling Center
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Do you think that wages paid to regular police officers are…
Yemen Polling Center
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If the police were better paid by the government, do you think they would be less corrupt?
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How do you evaluate the outer appearance of the police officer(s) you interacted with? (respondents who stated that
they had dealt with the police in the past)
Sample Size: 405Yemen Polling Center
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In the last 2 years, have you visited a police station…
Percentage
To report a crime/ resolve a problem
Yes 12.4%
No 87.6%
For administrative purposes
Yes 16.9%
No 83.1%
To obtain information Yes 2.1%
No 97.9%
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What was your overall impression of the police station? (respondents who stated that they had visited a police station in
the past two years)
Sample Size: 486Yemen Polling Center
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Do you think the police should be prohibited from chewing qat/smoking shisha while on duty?
Yemen Polling Center
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REPORTING A CRIME
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Have you or any member of your household been the victim of a crime in the past two years?
Yemen Polling Center
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What was the most significant crime? (open question)
Sample Size: 204Yemen Polling Center
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Have you reported it to the police?
Sample Size: 204Yemen Polling Center
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Why did you not report it to the police?
Yemen Polling CenterSample Size: 52
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How satisfied were you with how the police addressed the issue? (respondents who reported the issue to the
police only)
Sample Size: 52Yemen Polling Center
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Have you ever called 199 for help?
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On a scale from 1 to 5, 1 meaning 'very unsatisfied' and 5 meaning 'very satisfied', how satisfied were you with the help
you received?
Sample Size: 50Yemen Polling Center
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WOMEN AND SECURITY
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Reporting a Crime (Female Respondents Only)
Would you report a crime alone? If there were a women’s unit in the police station closest to you, would you report a crime alone?
Yemen Polling Center
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Would you allow your wife/daughter/ female relative to report a crime alone?
If there were a women’s unit in the police station closest to you, would you allow your wife/daughter/female relative to report a crime alone?
Reporting a Crime (Male Respondents Only)
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In general, do you support the idea of having female police officers in Yemen?
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Why do you support it?
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Why do you not support it?
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NON-STATE SECURITY ACTORS
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In general, when a problem or security incident occurs in this area, which actor deals with it first?
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In general, when a problem or security incident occurs in this area, which actor deals with it first? By governorate
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In general, should security rest in the hands of the state alone?
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In this area specifically, should security rest in the hands of the state alone? By governorate
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What should the police involve non-state actors in?(read out answers, code 1)
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For the following groups in your area, do you want the police to seek their assistance in resolving security issues:
Community Groups / NGOs
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For the following groups in your area, do you want the police to seek their assistance in resolving security issues:
Popular Committees
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For the following groups in your area, do you want the police to seek their assistance in resolving security issues:
Tribal Shaykhs
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For the following groups in your area, do you want the police to seek their assistance in resolving security issues:
Other Powerful People in the Area
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Are there any private prisons in this area?
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Are there any private prisons in this area? Per governorate
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Who maintains such private prisons? Per governorate
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Conclusions• Security sector reform in Yemen needs to take into account
the country‘s regional and social diversity• Security provision in Yemen by the police must involve non-
state actors in most regions, but such involvement should be complementary to the work of state institutions
• Police in Yemen must work to enhance ist professionality in order to gain the trust of the people
• Police reform in Yemen has to take into account the special security interests of women and girls by employing more women in the police force so that these can cater to the special security interests of women according to the Yemeni social context
Yemen Polling Center