1 programmes environment for the wireless applications development ass.prof. miroslav galabov, phd...
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Programmes Environment for the Wireless Applications Development
Ass.prof. Miroslav Galabov, PhD
St.Cyril and St.Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet• Wireless technology brings communication,
Internet and World Wide Web to users around the world– Consumers and businesses will be able to conduct
all information transactions from mobile devices
• Applications– Businesses: transmitting critical information
– Schools: improved connectivity
– Consumers: purchasing products when away from home
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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet• Location-identification
– location-identification capabilities built into all cell phones
– TDOA (time difference of arrival ), AOA (Angle of Arrival) and GPS
• Benefits• Enhances lives of disabled (Digital Angel)• Improves B2C and B2B applications• Provides focused marketing and store/restaurant
location
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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet• E-payments
– M-wallets: store billing information– Bluetooth wireless technology and infrared:
transactions occur via wireless devices
• Concerns– Continuous marketing: privacy issues– Accumulated personal information
• WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security ) protocol protects wireless information, but not once decrypted at destination
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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet
– Small text-based interfaces
• Technologies– First-generation: analog cell phones– Second-generation: digital transmissions
on circuit-switched networks• GSM, CDMA, TDMA and OFDM (Orthogonal
frequency-division multiplexing)
– 2.5 generation: between 2G and 3G• packet-switching
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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet
– Third-generation (3G): streaming audio, video, multimedia and voice transmissions
• W-CDMA(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access ), GPRS, EDGE and CDMA2000
• NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN): leads world in 3G development (W-CDMA)
• Standardization– Variety of transmission protocols– Languages
• HDML(Handheld Device Markup Language), WAP/WML and J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition )
– BREW: enables developers to write applications for devices on disparate platforms
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2.1 Introduction to m-business
• M-businessAn e-business enabled by wireless
communications
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2.2 Adopting Wireless Technologies
• Disadvantages of wireless technology (phones)– Screen size and resolution– Entering information– Incompatible web sites– Phone billing
• New technologies– Web Clipping, WAP, WML, J2ME etc…
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2.3 Creating m-Businesses
• Creating a business plan
Sections Need for Wireless communications
Primary Purpose Define the purpose of adding wireless Internet capabilities to the business. What benefits and services will wireless technology provide?
Strategy Describe how the product or service fits into the market. How is it different from existing products or services and how will it be profitable?
Support Provide reasons that support the implementation of wireless capabilities. How are these justifed as support? Has research been conducted? What is the market? Who are the customers? How will revenue be generated? What are the expenses?
Business Model What business model will be implemented? How will transactions be conducted? How will this enhance currently existing protocols?
Process List the necessary steps to build wireless communications. Does more research need to be conducted before the project can move forward?
Fig. 2.1 Steps to determine the need for wireless access.
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2.3.1 Generating Revenue
• Factors determining revenue– Consumer spending– Advertising– Cost of production– Wireless reliability
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2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and Content Creation• Transcoding
– Converting HTML to WML
• Customizing Content– Writing code for wireless access by variety of
devices and standards
The example:
E*Trade (the global leader of online trading) on Palm– Portfolio management, market activity, help index– No multimedia or interactive features
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2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and Content Creation
E*Trade on desktop– Many more services offered– Multimedia and interactive features– Value Added Services: links to
additional services
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2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and Content Creation• Functionality and reliability over
aesthetics and features
E*Trade on the wireless Palm device and on Microsoft IE
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2.3.3 Business-to-Employee (B2E) Communications• Wireless internet
– Increases productivity– Reduces expenses
• B2E considerations– Changing old procedures and protocols– Implementing security and encryption– New drive/standard-specific protocols
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2.4 Wireless Application Solution Providers• Choosing a wireless device
– Cost– Storage– Compatibility with existing systems
• Wireless solution providers for demands of changing technologies– End-to-end services– Packaged software
• iConverse– iConverse Mobility Platform: helps
enterprise manage data and speech applications for all devices
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2.4 Wireless Application Solution Providers
iConverse is a wireless applications solution provider.
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2.5 Business-to-Employee (B2E) Applications• PocketCashier: service and sales from
remote locations using phones or PDAs• Transportation and shipping industry web-
sites enhance services– DHL, Fedex
• Trucking Industry– Load matching: match truck capacity with
shipping needs– Cargonet.com, Cargonow.com
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2.5 Business-to-Employee (B2E) Applications
• Applications in other industries– Factory Management: wireless chips for
production, monitoring, and safety– Education: e-learning reduces time and
travelSmartforce - leading provider of e-
learning and performance support solutions for global enterprises, government, education and small to medium-sized businesses.
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2.6 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Applications
• Mobile devices– News, scores, e-mail
• Micropayments: small transactions– Accenture’s Mobile Micropayments
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3.1 International Wireless Communications. Introduction• International wireless communication
technologies drive the global economy– US’ wireless penetration (% using
service) lags behind other countries– Companies investing in wireless
infrastructure, creating wireless-accessible content and developing wireless applications
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3.2.1 Asia and the Pacific
• Asia has a highly advanced wireless market– Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan all
have high market penetrations– China has low market penetration
despite 46.5 million subscribers– India has large potential market
Country Subscribers (millions) Penetration
Japan 57.95 43.4
China 46.5 3.7
South Korea 27.5 53.3
Taiwan 11.45 51.6
Fig. 3.1 Top Asian/Pacific cell phone markets.
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3.2.2 Europe• The European wireless market
– Sweden, Italy, and Portugal have highest penetration
– Italy, UK, and Germany have most subscribers
• Ericsson (Sweden)– 30% world’s wireless market– 50% 3G contracts
Country Subscribers (millions) Penetration
Italy 31.1 52.2
UK 25.5 42.9
Germany 25.0 30.2
France 21.1 35.5
Spain 16.4 41
Turkey 9.2 14
Netherlands 7.1 44.9
Sweden 5.4 60
Portugal 4.8 47.8
Fig. 3.2 Top European cell phone markets.
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3.2.3 North, Central and South America• Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and Argentina
have relatively high cell phone markets
• South America is attractive market for foreign investment
• Central America still slow to embrace technology
Country Subscribers (millions) Penetration
Brazil 14.4 8.3
Mexico 8.7 8.6
Canada 7.0 22.4
Argentina 4.7 12.7
Fig. 3.3 Top North and South American cell phone markets.
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3.2.5 Africa
• African developments in wireless infrastructures attracts foreign investors– South Africa and Morocco are the
leaders and have offered 3G licenses– South Africa is one of the most mature
wireless markets and one of the top 20 in the world with approximately 5.3 million cell-phone subscribers.
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4.1 Wireless Communications Technologies.Introduction.
• Millions of people worldwide use wireless services and devices
• Wireless communications– Hardware– Wireless carriers– Networks– Radio Frequency, Laser, Infrared and
Bluetooth Wireless Technology– Satellites
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4.2 Hardware
• Mobile phones, PDAs and laptop computers allow wireless access to the Internet from remote locations
• Outside US, mobile phones are preferred medium for information and e-business transactions
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4.3 Wireless Carriers
• Wireless Carriers: companies providing wireless Internet access to mobile devices– Services– Pricing – Network coverage
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4.4 Wireless Networks• Corporations, businesses and colleges
building wireless networks allowing information access anytime from anywhere
• Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN)– Use wires and cables to connect users to
central server– Many companies and residences turning to
wireless solutions for area networks
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4.4 Wireless Networks
• Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) and Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) – Transmit data through air
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4.5 Radio Frequency, Laser, Infrared and Bluetooth Wireless Technology
• Technologies allowing sharing among wireless devices– Radio frequency– Infrared– Laser– Bluetooth
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4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF)
• Radio Frequency (RF): communications through radio signals– Phones, broadcasts and networks
• Radio Frequency WLAN: networks devices not close together
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4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF)• RF WLAN standards
– HomeRF• In home and small offices• Data and voice products networking between printers,
PCs, and phones• Uses Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP), FHSS
technology
– Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)• 802.11b standard• Airports, restaurants and other areas• High power consumption and low reliability in high traffic
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4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF)
HomeRF (HomeRF Working Group, Inc. (www.homerf.com))
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4.5.2 Laser and Infrared Technology• Laser technology: connects buildings
– Transceivers (towers) on rooftops communicate through signal and link networks
• Infrared technology:
- connects devices up to 30 feet and needs clear line of sight– More cost-efficient than laser techn.– slow speeds
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4.5.3 Bluetooth• Bluetooth: radio frequencies
– 2000 companies involved in Bluetooth Consortium
– Point-to-multipoint and FHSS packet-switching– Can connect multiple devices within a 30 foot
radius– Interference problems: on 2.4GHz band with
most other WLAN devices
• Bluetooth allows automatic communication as soon as devices enter coverage area
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4.6 Satellite Communications• Satellite communications is alternative for wireless
networks• Satellite system types
– Low Earth Orbit Satellites (LEOs)• 100-300 miles above surface: transmit signals quickly
• Hundreds placed in ring following earth’s curvature: communicate with each other until in range of destination user
– Medium Earth Orbit Satellites (MEOs)• 6,000 to 12,000 miles above surface
• Require fewer satellite than LEOs
• Used by government and for weather
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4.6 Satellite Communications• Satellite system types (cont’d)
– Geostationary Orbit Satellites• 22,282 miles above surface• Replaced less often• More transmission delays and distortions
• Satellites provide voice, data, and location-based services
• Iridium– Motorola satellite network for voice, data, fax and location– Used 66 LEO satellites, bankrupt in 1999 and bought in
2001 by Iridium Satellite
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4.7 Future of Wireless Communication
• Wireless service moving toward 3G technologies– Battle over technologies and standards– Provider globalization– Network upgrades to 3G
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5.1 Wireless Platforms & Programming Languages
• No unifying standard• Protocols, platforms and languages are
important developmental/implementation tools
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5.1.1 Handheld Devices Markup Language (HDML)
• Handheld Devices Markup Language (HDML)– One of first languages for handheld
devices– Similar to HTML– Evolved into WAP and WML
• HDML no longer manufactured, but still present in many devices
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5.1.2 WAP and WML
• Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)– Set of protocols enabling
communication between different wireless devices
– Intended for phones, pagers and other handhelds
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5.1.2 WAP and WML
• Wireless Markup Language (WML)– Creates web content for wireless
devices, based on XML– Microbrowsers: access web via wireless
internet– WML supports WAP– Deck: a WML document made up of
cards– Image support and telephone support
through telephony tags
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5.1.2 WAP and WML
• WAP limitations– Security breaches and unreliability– Limited bandwidth
• Can’t handle multimedia and overloaded easily
• WAP communications– WAP-enabled mobile device– WAP gateway– Web server
WAP Communications Architecture
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5.1.2 WAP and WMLGrowth of WAP, as the platform for
development of wireless web applications
WAP 1.0Black and white screenSlowly load of documents /10-15s/Price– depending on the time of view
WAP 2.0Growth graphics, colors Contents tune in Local cashSecurity server accessCompatibility with WAP 1.0 / WML
XHTML Basic
WAP
WAP 1.2.1GPRS, WAP Push
WAP CSS /XHTML MP
WAP 1.0WML 1.X / WML Script
WAP 2.0WAP CSS / XHTML MP
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5.1.2 WAP and WMLWAP 1.0
WML / WML Script
WML – The first language, specially for WAP
Support the basic functions- presenting of text and images
Limiting possibility for presentations
Integration of presentation in contents
Organize the contents in carts and decks=> Pages visualization only trough WAP-browser
Support scripting of the client - WML Script
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5.1.2 WAP and WMLWAP 2.0
XHTML MP / WAP CSS XHTML MP – The official mark-up language of modern WAP-pages
Wide spectra of functional possibility – growth graphics
Wide varied on instruments for control of contents mode – WAP CSS
Contents and presentation division –external CSS-files /WAP CSS/
Using well knowing recourses for development of web-pages => Pages visualization trough WEB- and WAP- browsers.
In the future will support the client scripting=> ECMA Script Mobile Profile
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5.1.2 WAP and WMLStructure of the information site for mobile phones
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5.1.2 WAP and WMLVisualization with WAP Proof 2008
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5.1.2 WAP and WML
Weather forecast
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5.1.3 Compact HTML (cHTML) & i-mode
• i-mode: popular service in Japan for voice, text, graphics and web-browsing– Uses cHTML, subset of HTML– NTT DoCoMo has over 30,000 cHTML
pages on own servers – eliminates translation
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5.1.4 Java and Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)
• Java: one of most widely used programming languages
• Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME): programming platform for mobile devices– Facilitates development of applications
on wireless devices– Compensates for WAP’s drawbacks
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5.1.5 XML & XHTML• XML: an open technology for data exchange
– XML documents contain data, applications decide how data is displayed
– Markup languages created with XML• XHTML; XHTML Basic
• VoiceXML
• WBXML
– Markup documents• Tags mark and describe data
• Documents are highly portable
• Human and machine readable
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5.1.5 XML & XHTML
• XHTML– Markup language identifies page’s
elements– Equipped to represent complex data on
wireless Internet– Strict syntax and well-formed code
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5.1.6 EPOC
• EPOC (EPOC is a family of graphical operating systems developed for portable devices. EPOC came from epoch, the
beginning of an era) : a platform for next generation wireless devices– Supports phone and PDA for 3G
technologies– Supports C++, Java, WAP and the
Internet; TCP/IP protocols, GSM, Bluetooth and infrared
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5.1.7 Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)
• Qualcomm’s platform enables applications accessible by variety of wireless devices– Ease of use and development – lower costs
and production times– Many possible applications
• Navigation• E-wallets• Games• Music
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5.2 Synchronization Markup Language (SyncML) Initiative• Synchronization
– Sharing information in multiple areas among non-compatible devices
• SyncML Initiative– Formed by 8 companies to develop
standard protocol for information exchange regardless of time, place or device
– Remote synchronization: application used by two devices at same time
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5.2 SyncML Initiative
– Works with fixed, infrared, cable or Bluetooth wireless technology networks
– Divides synchronization areas into client-side and server-side
– SyncML based on WBXML version of XML
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5.3 Future of Wireless Technologies
• Advances in transmission speed and types of information– 3G standards, technologies and
protocols was develop;– Possibly 4G technologies by 2010.
• Multimedia communications will be dominant transmission type of future
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Thank you for your attention!