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Production Process - overviewProduction Process - overview Three major stages of productionThree major stages of production PreproductionPreproduction

– Planning, research, writing, organizingPlanning, research, writing, organizing ProductionProduction

– Shooting, recording, acting, performingShooting, recording, acting, performing

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Production Process - overviewProduction Process - overview Three major stages of productionThree major stages of production

PostproductionPostproduction– Editing, fixing, sweetening, copying, Editing, fixing, sweetening, copying,

evaluatingevaluating

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Production Process - Preproduction Production Process - Preproduction 11

Cannot just run out and shoot…Cannot just run out and shoot… Work closely with client throughoutWork closely with client throughout Program idea - from basic to specificProgram idea - from basic to specific Inspiration - for style & content… be aware, Inspiration - for style & content… be aware,

alert, curious…alert, curious…

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Production Process - Preproduction Production Process - Preproduction 11 Goals, purpose of production, audience, Goals, purpose of production, audience,

outlet (distribution)outlet (distribution) Research - background, detailsResearch - background, details Client history, background, relationshipClient history, background, relationship BudgetBudget

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Production Process - Preproduction 2Production Process - Preproduction 2 Planning - creative ideas, production style, Planning - creative ideas, production style,

persuasive style, scriptwriting and re-writing, persuasive style, scriptwriting and re-writing, storyboardstoryboard

Production decisions: Production decisions: Final budgetFinal budget

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Production Process - Preproduction 2Production Process - Preproduction 2 Types and sources of music, crew & Types and sources of music, crew &

equipment, locations, talentequipment, locations, talent Schedule of activitiesSchedule of activities Time frame, final “deliverables”Time frame, final “deliverables”

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Key preproduction personnelKey preproduction personnel Director - Director - overall responsibility for translating overall responsibility for translating

script to productionscript to production Producer - Producer - coordinator, manager of coordinator, manager of

production activitiesproduction activities

Production Process - Preproduction 3Production Process - Preproduction 3

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Key preproduction personnelKey preproduction personnel ScriptwriterScriptwriter Music coordinatorMusic coordinator Post-production supervisorPost-production supervisor Client contactClient contact (the (the rightright person) person)

Production Process - Preproduction 3Production Process - Preproduction 3

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Production Process - Preproduction 5Production Process - Preproduction 5

Key preproduction personnelKey preproduction personnel Art director - set designArt director - set design Lighting directorLighting director Floor manager Floor manager (studio only)(studio only) Technical directorTechnical director (studio only) (studio only) Small company, small project yields more Small company, small project yields more

overlap of dutiesoverlap of duties

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Production Process - Production 1Production Process - Production 1 Translate idea into program (Translate idea into program (encodeencode

message)message) Location or studio shoot (edited or “mixed” Location or studio shoot (edited or “mixed”

live)live) Additional footage - cover video, b-roll, 2nd Additional footage - cover video, b-roll, 2nd

unitunit ReshootsReshoots Archival pictures/film/video - source, Archival pictures/film/video - source,

locationlocation

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Production Process - Production 1Production Process - Production 1 Stock footage - sourceStock footage - source Music/score - original, library Music/score - original, library Graphics - design & creationGraphics - design & creation Narration, voice-over - talent, facilities Narration, voice-over - talent, facilities

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Production Process - Production 2Production Process - Production 2 Key Production Personnel (note - field vs. Key Production Personnel (note - field vs.

studio)studio) DirectorDirector, assistant director, assistant director ProducerProducer & assistants/associates & assistants/associates VideographerVideographer, , Director of PhotographyDirector of Photography (DP) (DP)

& assistants, camera operators& assistants, camera operators

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Production Process - Production 2Production Process - Production 2 Key Production Personnel (note - field vs. studio)Key Production Personnel (note - field vs. studio) Lighting directorLighting director Audio director/engineerAudio director/engineer Studio: Studio: Technical directorTechnical director (TD), (TD), floor personfloor person (grip), (grip),

Character GeneratorCharacter Generator (CG), (CG), videotape operatorvideotape operator, , video video engineerengineer

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Production Process - Postproduction Production Process - Postproduction (editing) 1(editing) 1

Multi-camera style (game show, talk show, Multi-camera style (game show, talk show, sporting event)sporting event)

Option 1: live broadcast, no need to “post Option 1: live broadcast, no need to “post produce”produce”

Option 2: clean up errors, remove bad Option 2: clean up errors, remove bad language, condense/consolidate, add language, condense/consolidate, add necessary video/titles/credits, music, etc…necessary video/titles/credits, music, etc…

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Production Process - Postproduction Production Process - Postproduction (editing) 1(editing) 1

Multi-camera style (game show, talk show, Multi-camera style (game show, talk show, sporting event)sporting event)

Option 3: “repurpose” - edit program for a Option 3: “repurpose” - edit program for a different usedifferent use

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Production Process - Postproduction 2Production Process - Postproduction 2

Single camera (“film style”): Single camera (“film style”): Following script select best Following script select best

takes/shots/still photos, etc…combine takes/shots/still photos, etc…combine with audio to create final programwith audio to create final program

(Note: it’s not that simple, keep reading.)(Note: it’s not that simple, keep reading.)

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Documentary, news, news magazine example:Documentary, news, news magazine example: Log footage (20, 30, 50:1 shooting ratio)Log footage (20, 30, 50:1 shooting ratio)

– View footage, write down or digitally store shots you View footage, write down or digitally store shots you plan to useplan to use

– Very important step - re-familiarize yourself with Very important step - re-familiarize yourself with what you have, select best shots, quoteswhat you have, select best shots, quotes

Production Process - Postproduction Production Process - Postproduction 33

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Capture footage to computer for digital editingCapture footage to computer for digital editing Identify additional needs - acquire elementsIdentify additional needs - acquire elements Rough edit in sectionsRough edit in sections Final edit - transitions, titles, credits, audio Final edit - transitions, titles, credits, audio

sweetening, color correctionsweetening, color correction Editing - very creative and stimulating, very Editing - very creative and stimulating, very

time consuming and tedious at times. Computer time consuming and tedious at times. Computer skills a must!skills a must!

Production Process - Postproduction Production Process - Postproduction 33

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Production Process - Postproduction 4Production Process - Postproduction 4 Review by clientReview by client Make changesMake changes Formative Evaluation of production with test Formative Evaluation of production with test

audience - formal/informalaudience - formal/informal– During process, make changes to programDuring process, make changes to program

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Production Process - Postproduction 4Production Process - Postproduction 4 Final editFinal edit DistributeDistribute Summative Evaluation - evaluate effectiveness Summative Evaluation - evaluate effectiveness

of production or campaign in the real worldof production or campaign in the real world

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Production Process SummaryProduction Process Summary

All three steps importantAll three steps important Failure to plan is a plan to fail (cliché but Failure to plan is a plan to fail (cliché but

true)true) Always keep client’s goals, audience effects Always keep client’s goals, audience effects

in mind throughout the processin mind throughout the process Part of your job as producer/director is to Part of your job as producer/director is to

determine needs, goals, capabilities of client determine needs, goals, capabilities of client and production team and to and production team and to educateeducate your your clients in the process. clients in the process.