1 planning ore extraction sequences in open pit mines.ppt

7/25/2019 1 Planning Ore Extraction Sequences in Open Pit Mines.ppt

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Planning Ore ExtractionPlanning Ore Extraction

Sequences in Open Pit MinesSequences in Open Pit Mines

©2012 Dr. B. C. Paul©2012 Dr. B. C. Paul

Note – !ese sli"es contain screen s!ots #ro$ t!e progra$ MineSig!tNote – !ese sli"es contain screen s!ots #ro$ t!e progra$ MineSig!t"e%elope" &' Mintec. Cre"it #or t!e progra$ is gi%en to its "e%elopers. (lso"e%elope" &' Mintec. Cre"it #or t!e progra$ is gi%en to its "e%elopers. (lso

note t!at t!ese sli"es !a%e &een &ase" on earlier )or* &' t!e aut!or an" $a'note t!at t!ese sli"es !a%e &een &ase" on earlier )or* &' t!e aut!or an" $a'

!a%e content si$ilar to training classes con"ucte" &' Mintec.!a%e content si$ilar to training classes con"ucte" &' Mintec.



Maxi$i+ing ,eturnsMaxi$i+ing ,eturns

- NP is usuall' increase" &' &ringingNP is usuall' increase" &' &ringing

$ore earl' earnings an" "ela'ing$ore earl' earnings an" "ela'ing

expensesexpenses- Sequencing pits #or !ig! gra"e ore )it!Sequencing pits #or !ig! gra"e ore )it!

lo)er stripping ratios ten"s to "o t!islo)er stripping ratios ten"s to "o t!is

-/e Nee" ( Met!o" o# in"ing t!e Best/e Nee" ( Met!o" o# in"ing t!e Best

ra"e Ore to Mine irstra"e Ore to Mine irst



o) to Ma*e !at appeno) to Ma*e !at appen

- Method #1 - We try to Fake Out the LearchMethod #1 - We try to Fake Out the Learch

Grossman RoutineGrossman Routine

- 3erc! ross$an )ill in" t!e 4uiciest set o# ore3erc! ross$an )ill in" t!e 4uiciest set o# ore&loc*s t!at *eeps pro"ucing $ore %alue&loc*s t!at *eeps pro"ucing $ore %alue

- O&%iousl' t!is $ust $ean t!at it eit!er #in"s t!eO&%iousl' t!is $ust $ean t!at it eit!er #in"s t!e

$axi$u$ $etal pit or t!e $ost lucrati%e ore$axi$u$ $etal pit or t!e $ost lucrati%e ore- Because not all ore is equall' eas' to process it is possi&leBecause not all ore is equall' eas' to process it is possi&le

t!at a set ot!er t!an $axi$u$ $etal )ill &e selecte"t!at a set ot!er t!an $axi$u$ $etal )ill &e selecte"- /e Nee" to et 3earc! ross$an to Pic* t!e Best/e Nee" to et 3earc! ross$an to Pic* t!e Best

o# t!e Besto# t!e Best



o Do !is /e Per#or$ /!at 5o Do !is /e Per#or$ /!at 5

Call ( Price a*eCall ( Price a*e- /e tell t!e co$puter )e !a%e a "is$al/e tell t!e co$puter )e !a%e a "is$al

$ar*et an" t!en as* it to #in" t!e ulti$ate$ar*et an" t!en as* it to #in" t!e ulti$ate

pitpit- 6n"er un#a%ora&le econo$ics onl' t!e &etter6n"er un#a%ora&le econo$ics onl' t!e &etter

gra"e ore )ill get inclu"e" in t!e 7#a*egra"e ore )ill get inclu"e" in t!e 7#a*e

ulti$ate pit8ulti$ate pit8

- 3earc! ross$an !o)e%er !as pic*e" us t!e3earc! ross$an !o)e%er !as pic*e" us t!eset o# &loc*s t!at 'iel"s $axi$u$ %alue perset o# &loc*s t!at 'iel"s $axi$u$ %alue perton )!ic! is 9ust )!at )e )ante".ton )!ic! is 9ust )!at )e )ante".



/e /ill ra"uall' ,aise Our/e /ill ra"uall' ,aise Our

a*e Price (s /e Do Multiplea*e Price (s /e Do Multiple,uns,uns- Eac! ,un )ill start )it! t!e pre%ious pit in placeEac! ,un )ill start )it! t!e pre%ious pit in place

- Eac! ,un )ill !a%e t!e real #inal pit sur#ace as aEac! ,un )ill !a%e t!e real #inal pit sur#ace as a

li$iting sur#aceli$iting sur#ace- !e result )ill &e a series o# neste" pits t!at go!e result )ill &e a series o# neste" pits t!at go

#ro$ t!e &est ore to ore o# progressi%el' lo)er#ro$ t!e &est ore to ore o# progressi%el' lo)er

gra"egra"e- /e !a%e 9ust tric*e" 3earc! ross$an into telling us/e !a%e 9ust tric*e" 3earc! ross$an into telling us

!o) to opti$i+e our NP &' sequencing our $ining!o) to opti$i+e our NP &' sequencing our $ining



er$s in Open Pit Benc!eser$s in Open Pit Benc!es

O%er:allSlope

Catc! Benc!

Ber$

Crest oe

oe toCrest Slope

inal Pits Slopes allo)

Benc!es to &e )i"e enoug! toCatc! roc*s an" acco$$o"ate ( &er$. ;!is is o#ten less t!an!an 10 $eters<.



eo$etr' o# a /or*ing Benc!eo$etr' o# a /or*ing Benc!

S!o%el

ruc* /i"t!

Bac*:up

ruc*

ruc*urning

ra"ius

Ber$ )i"t!

S!o%el

3engt!

( &enc! &ig enoug!o acco$$o"ate

Equip$ent )or*ing isMuc! )i"er t!an oneOnl' inten"e" to catc!,olling roc*s.



5$pact o# a /or*ing Benc!5$pact o# a /or*ing Benc!

O%er:allSlope

!e o%er:all slope o# t!e pit is "rasticall',e"uce" i# one $ust acco$$o"ate )i"e/or*ing &enc!es.



!e Pit Slope Pro&le$!e Pit Slope Pro&le$

- Our 6lti$ate Pit /as Calculate" at Our inalOur 6lti$ate Pit /as Calculate" at Our inalPit SlopePit Slope- ( #inal pit slope !as &enc!es )i"e enoug! to catc! ( #inal pit slope !as &enc!es )i"e enoug! to catc!

#alling roc* an" allo) #or a roa" to get equip$ent#alling roc* an" allo) #or a roa" to get equip$entout.out.- ( &enc! 10 to 1= $eters )i"e )ill usuall' catc! ( &enc! 10 to 1= $eters )i"e )ill usuall' catc!

#alling roc*#alling roc*- But t!at $a' &e 9ust &arel' enoug! #or a truc* to "ri%eBut t!at $a' &e 9ust &arel' enoug! #or a truc* to "ri%e

#or)ar" i# t!e &e" "rags t!e !ig!)all an" t!e tire runs#or)ar" i# t!e &e" "rags t!e !ig!)all an" t!e tire runso%er t!e &er$o%er t!e &er$

- No roo$ #or $aneu%ering t!e truc* #or pro"uction.No roo$ #or $aneu%ering t!e truc* #or pro"uction.

- ( inal Pit Slope cannot account #or equip$ent in ( inal Pit Slope cannot account #or equip$ent inoperation.operation.



Price:a*ing ( 3earc!:ross$anPrice:a*ing ( 3earc!:ross$an

is Eas'> But at /!at Slope?is Eas'> But at /!at Slope?- ( inal Pit Slope Can &e =0:@= ( inal Pit Slope Can &e =0:@=oo

;Depen"ing on roc* $ec!anics slope sta&ilit'<;Depen"ing on roc* $ec!anics slope sta&ilit'<

- ( )or*ing Pit )it! all )or*ing &enc!es ( )or*ing Pit )it! all )or*ing &enc!es)oul" li*el' !a%e an o%er:all slope)oul" li*el' !a%e an o%er:all slope

un"er 20un"er 20AA

-

o) "o )e reconcile t!is?o) "o )e reconcile t!is?



6sual Open Pit Practice6sual Open Pit Practice

- ( less t!an 20A slope )oul" cause t!e pits stripping ( less t!an 20A slope )oul" cause t!e pits strippingratio to &e %er' !ig! – $a*ing t!e $ining $et!o"ratio to &e %er' !ig! – $a*ing t!e $ining $et!o"econo$icall' in#easi&le #or a lot o# oreecono$icall' in#easi&le #or a lot o# ore

- /!' "oes e%er' &enc! !a%e to &e a )or*ing &enc!?/!' "oes e%er' &enc! !a%e to &e a )or*ing &enc!?- 6suall' it "oesnt !a%e to &e6suall' it "oesnt !a%e to &e- Mines !a%e enoug! )or*ing &enc!es to allo) ore &len"ingMines !a%e enoug! )or*ing &enc!es to allo) ore &len"ing

an" to *eep s!o%els enoug! apart to *eep t!e$ #ro$an" to *eep s!o%els enoug! apart to *eep t!e$ #ro$7tripping o%er eac! ot!er87tripping o%er eac! ot!er8

- Man' open pits )ill !a%e onl' 2 to large s!o%elsMan' open pits )ill !a%e onl' 2 to large s!o%els

- !is suggests onl' a&out to @ )or*ing &enc!es!is suggests onl' a&out to @ )or*ing &enc!es- ;One #or eac! s!o%el an" t!en so$e extra )or*ing places<;One #or eac! s!o%el an" t!en so$e extra )or*ing places<- 5# 'ou can *eep ore $ixe" )ell #or t!e $ill it requires less costl'5# 'ou can *eep ore $ixe" )ell #or t!e $ill it requires less costl'

roa" )or* i# all t!e s!o%els )or* on one &enc!roa" )or* i# all t!e s!o%els )or* on one &enc!



,econciling actor 1,econciling actor 1

- Not all Benc!es !a%e to &e )or*ingNot all Benc!es !a%e to &e )or*ing

)i"t!)i"t!

- !is )ill o#ten allo) o%er:all slopes o%er!is )ill o#ten allo) o%er:all slopes o%er0A0A

- ;our %er' #irst initial pit pro&a&l' "oes;our %er' #irst initial pit pro&a&l' "oes

not !a%e %er' $an' &enc!es so it $a'not !a%e %er' $an' &enc!es so it $a'reall' !a%e a %er' lo) slope )it! al$ostreall' !a%e a %er' lo) slope )it! al$ost

e%er' &enc! &eing a )or*ing &enc!<e%er' &enc! &eing a )or*ing &enc!<



!e Direction o# Pit ("%ance!e Direction o# Pit ("%ance

- 5# our 25# our 2r"r" &enc! is a )or*ing &enc! "oes it&enc! is a )or*ing &enc! "oes it!a%e to &e )or*ing )i"t! aroun" t!e entire!a%e to &e )or*ing )i"t! aroun" t!e entirepit?pit?

- NoNo- ( pit is @0A aroun" – 2 to s!o%els cant $o%e in ( pit is @0A aroun" – 2 to s!o%els cant $o%e in

all t!ose "irectionsall t!ose "irections

- Digging out ore also "igs out roa")a's – 'ou "ontDigging out ore also "igs out roa")a's – 'ou "ont

)ant to &e "isrupting 'our roa"s e%er')!ere at)ant to &e "isrupting 'our roa"s e%er')!ere att!e sa$e ti$et!e sa$e ti$e

- ;O* – 'ou "o i# t!is is a conspirac' to $a*e 'our s!ort;O* – 'ou "o i# t!is is a conspirac' to $a*e 'our s!ortter$ $ine planning engineers !a%e a ner%ous &rea*:ter$ $ine planning engineers !a%e a ner%ous &rea*:"o)n<"o)n<



!e Pus!:Bac* ,ealit'!e Pus!:Bac* ,ealit'

- Mines $a' #ocus $ining on onl' one si"e o#Mines $a' #ocus $ining on onl' one si"e o#

t!e pitt!e pit

-

Starting at t!e top t!e )i"en &enc!es in t!isStarting at t!e top t!e )i"en &enc!es in t!is"irection as t!e $ine"irection as t!e $ine

- (t t!e en" o# 7Pus!ing Bac*8 t!e si"e o# t!e (t t!e en" o# 7Pus!ing Bac*8 t!e si"e o# t!epit in t!at "irection t!e' re:steepen t!e slopespit in t!at "irection t!e' re:steepen t!e slopes

to *eep $o%e t!e a"%antages o# a lo)to *eep $o%e t!e a"%antages o# a lo)stripping ratio #or)ar" in ti$e an" $a*e t!e pitstripping ratio #or)ar" in ti$e an" $a*e t!e pit$ore econo$ic.$ore econo$ic.



Pus!:Bac*s an" Pit SlopesPus!:Bac*s an" Pit Slopes

- Because pus!:&ac*s open )i"erBecause pus!:&ac*s open )i"er&enc!es #ro$ t!e top "o)n an" t!en&enc!es #ro$ t!e top "o)n an" t!en

steepen o%er:all slopes at t!e en" o# asteepen o%er:all slopes at t!e en" o# apus!:&ac*pus!:&ac*- /e $a' &e a&le to ta*e snap s!ots o#/e $a' &e a&le to ta*e snap s!ots o#

)!ere t!e $ine )ill &e at t!e en" o# eac!)!ere t!e $ine )ill &e at t!e en" o# eac!

pus!:&ac*pus!:&ac*- !ose pit slopes at t!e en" o# a pus!:&ac*!ose pit slopes at t!e en" o# a pus!:&ac*

$a' !a%e a&out t!e #inal pit slope$a' !a%e a&out t!e #inal pit slope



( Potential Solution ( Potential Solution

- 5# )e p!ase our $ine a"%ance in 7Pus!5# )e p!ase our $ine a"%ance in 7Pus!Bac*s8 )e $a' !a%e a&out #inal slopes at t!eBac*s8 )e $a' !a%e a&out #inal slopes at t!een" o# eac! pus!&ac*en" o# eac! pus!&ac*

- Design 'our $ining p!ases using a #inal pit slopeDesign 'our $ining p!ases using a #inal pit slope- ;!ere $a' &e cases )!ere pus!:&ac*;!ere $a' &e cases )!ere pus!:&ac*

stages in a particular "irection are notstages in a particular "irection are notpractical<practical<- our %er' #irst pit )!en 'ou start t!e $ine pro&a&l'our %er' #irst pit )!en 'ou start t!e $ine pro&a&l'

)ill nee" all )or*ing &enc!es in all "irections)ill nee" all )or*ing &enc!es in all "irections



( Si"e E##ect o# t!e Pus!:Bac* ( Si"e E##ect o# t!e Pus!:Bac*

SolutionSolution- ,el'ing on Pus!:Bac*s allo)e" us to loo* at,el'ing on Pus!:Bac*s allo)e" us to loo* at

our pit at #inal slope at t!e en" o# eac! p!aseour pit at #inal slope at t!e en" o# eac! p!ase- But it also $eant t!at t!e "istance )e 7Pus!e"But it also $eant t!at t!e "istance )e 7Pus!e"

Bac*8 !a" to &e &ig enoug! to acco$$o"ate ourBac*8 !a" to &e &ig enoug! to acco$$o"ate our

)or*ing slopes "uring t!e $ining t!at )e "ont)or*ing slopes "uring t!e $ining t!at )e "ont

see.see.

- !us – to )or* a Pus!:Bac* $ust a"%ance!us – to )or* a Pus!:Bac* $ust a"%ance

t!e $ine a $ini$u$ "istance in a gi%ent!e $ine a $ini$u$ "istance in a gi%en

"irection."irection.



So o) ar /oul" !at DistanceSo o) ar /oul" !at Distance

Be?Be?- Suppose )e !a%e 10 $eter )i"e catc! &enc!es.Suppose )e !a%e 10 $eter )i"e catc! &enc!es.- Next )e la'out t!e si+e o# our truc*s an" s!o%els an"Next )e la'out t!e si+e o# our truc*s an" s!o%els an"

t!e a$ount o# roo$ t!e' nee" to turn an" $anu%er.t!e a$ount o# roo$ t!e' nee" to turn an" $anu%er.

- Suppose #ro$ t!is )e #in" a )or*ing &enc! nee"s to &e 100Suppose #ro$ t!is )e #in" a )or*ing &enc! nee"s to &e 100$eters )i"e$eters )i"e

- !en )e #in" out t!at #or ore &len"ing reasons )e!en )e #in" out t!at #or ore &len"ing reasons )es!oul" !a%e )or*ing &enc!es on le%elss!oul" !a%e )or*ing &enc!es on le%els- o )i"en #ro$ 10 to 100 $eters ta*es F0 $eters extrao )i"en #ro$ 10 to 100 $eters ta*es F0 $eters extra

- /e nee" t!is F0 $eters extra ti$es/e nee" t!is F0 $eters extra ti$es- GF0 H 2I0 $eters – our pus! &ac* $ust &e 2I0 $etersGF0 H 2I0 $eters – our pus! &ac* $ust &e 2I0 $eters



/ell – (#ter t!at P!ilosop!'/ell – (#ter t!at P!ilosop!'

3esson /e (re ,ea"' to et3esson /e (re ,ea"' to etBac* to Price:a*ing Our 3earc!:Bac* to Price:a*ing Our 3earc!:

ross$anross$an- /!ic! Panels o# Our MSOP5 progra$/!ic! Panels o# Our MSOP5 progra$

)ill )e c!ange )it! 7a*e Prices8)ill )e c!ange )it! 7a*e Prices8



O# Course t!e Econo$ics PanelO# Course t!e Econo$ics Panel



/e /oul" a%e to C!ange/e /oul" a%e to C!ange

/!ere /e Store" Our ,esult/!ere /e Store" Our ,esult



/e /oul" Pro&a&l' C!ange Our/e /oul" Pro&a&l' C!ange Our

Output ,eport itlesOutput ,eport itles



3ets !in* (&out /!at /e (re3ets !in* (&out /!at /e (re

(&out ,ea"' to "o (&out ,ea"' to "o- /e )ill pic* panels )!ere )e )ill/e )ill pic* panels )!ere )e )ill

c!ange nu$&ersc!ange nu$&ers

- /e )ill #ill out ne) nu$&ers #or sa' 12/e )ill #ill out ne) nu$&ers #or sa' 12price sets one at a ti$eprice sets one at a ti$e

- /e )ill run our MSOP5 a&out 12 ti$es/e )ill run our MSOP5 a&out 12 ti$es

- Sitting t!ere an" )atc!ing #or resultsSitting t!ere an" )atc!ing #or results- Does !is Soun" unJDoes !is Soun" unJ



5 Di"nt !in* So – 3ets r'5 Di"nt !in* So – 3ets r'

(not!er /a' (not!er /a'/e /ill et t!e Co$puter o "o our repetiti%e runs6sing so$et!ing calle" aMulti:,un

Start MineSig!t Co$pass

Pic* t!e Options a&

6n"er Multi:,un pic* ne)

!en clic* on t!e open #ol"e5con.



( Set O# Proce"ures to ,un ( Set O# Proce"ures to ,un

(uto$aticall' is Calle" ( Pac*age (uto$aticall' is Calle" ( Pac*ageour set o# responses5s calle" responses

/e nee" to gi%e &ot! ( na$eO* – so $uc! #or $'Na$ing creati%it'

Next )e nee" to5"enti#' proce"ures to,un

Put 'our curser in t!eProce"ures &ox.



5# ou%e a" /a' to Muc! i$e on our5# ou%e a" /a' to Muc! i$e on our

an"s 'ou !a%e t!e Proce"ure Na$ean"s 'ou !a%e t!e Proce"ure Na$e

Me$ori+e".Me$ori+e".5# not position t!e $ulti:run )in"o) soou can also see t!e co$passProce"ures list

!en clic* on t!e co$pass proce"ure

(n" it appears in t!e $ulti:run/in"o).



No) Clic* On Set:6pNo) Clic* On Set:6p



/e /ill (ssu$e ou (lrea"'/e /ill (ssu$e ou (lrea"'

a%e Basic 5nput Because oua%e Basic 5nput Because ou (lrea"' ot our Open Pit (lrea"' ot our Open Pit

!e tric* o# a $ulti:run is to enter %aria&le na$es )it! incre$enta&le nu$&ers

Prece"e" &' a question $ar* ;note t!e ? 5s "i##erent t!an t!e K use" in Excel</!en t!e $ulti:run operates t!e %aria&le )ill &e c!ange" accor"ing to a list.



5 /ill o# Course ar' /!ic! Pit M'5 /ill o# Course ar' /!ic! Pit M'

5ncre$ental Pit Sur#ace is Store" in.5ncre$ental Pit Sur#ace is Store" in.



5ll 3ea%e (u"it Options Blan* /!en5ll 3ea%e (u"it Options Blan* /!en

5 /ill (uto$aticall' ,un Multiple5 /ill (uto$aticall' ,un Multiple

i$esi$es



5 /ill Not Sa%e a*e Price5 /ill Not Sa%e a*e Price

,esults into t!e Bloc* Mo"el,esults into t!e Bloc* Mo"el

But 5 )ill sa%e eac! output,eport separatel' un"er a

Di##erent nu$&er.



(n 6nusual Exit (n 6nusual Exit

(#ter entering nee"e"Nee"e" in#or$ation an" %aria&lC!aracters in t!e proce"urePanel

Clic* ile

!en clic* Sa%e an" ExitMulti:,un Setup



ou (re a*en Directl' to a Panelou (re a*en Directl' to a Panel

/!ere our Enter our aria&le/!ere our Enter our aria&lealuesaluesM' ?01 an" ?0 (re #a*e copper Prices

M' ?02 is t!e #a*eMol'&"enu$ Price

?0 tells $e )!ic!Pit sur#ace to sen"!e result to

?0= is t!e na$e o# !e report extension



Enter t!e alues #or M' irst ,unEnter t!e alues #or M' irst ,un

(#ter s$elting an" re#ining c!arges copper &ring 2= cents a poun" an" electro)onCopper &rings = cents. Mol' in concentrate is I= cents a poun". 5 )ill loa" $' #a*e

S$all pit into s!ell 2I an" use an 1 #or $' report extensionNo) Clic* ("" %alue #or $' next run



(#ter Entering t!e alues #or 12 (#ter Entering t!e alues #or 12

,uns 5 ,eturn to Proce"ures,uns 5 ,eturn to Proce"ures



5 Designate 12 runs an" Enter M'5 Designate 12 runs an" Enter M'

Co$$entCo$$ent5n t!is case 5 onl'Nee"e" oneProce"ure> &utMulti:runs can &e

6se" #or sequenceO# "i##erentProce"ures.



5 /ill Next Sa%e M' Pac*age an"5 /ill Next Sa%e M' Pac*age an"

,esponses,esponses

!is allo)s $e to use t!e sa$e sequence to "o so$et!ing in t!e sa$e )a' eac! ti$e

Or to co$e &ac* an" selecti%el' e"it #or c!anges )it!out !a%ing to re"o #ro$ scratc!.



5 Clic* ,un an" t!e Multi:,un5 Clic* ,un an" t!e Multi:,un

StartsStarts!is $a' ta*e a/!ile so no) 5Can go ta*e aBrea* instea"O# te"iousl',e:running t!ings (gain an" again.



3oo*ing at Our Price Sensiti%it'3oo*ing at Our Price Sensiti%it'

PitsPits

O&ser%ation – Our Price a*e Met!o" "i" in"ee" get us stage pits



!e Pus!:Bac*s Dont 3oo* er'!e Pus!:Bac*s Dont 3oo* er'

PracticalPractical

@0 M

5nitial Pit Mig!t /or*;except #inis! slope is too steep<

120 M10 M

,e$e$&ering t!at a practical pus!:&ac* "istance is F0 to 2I0 $eters

Depen"ing on t!e nu$&er o# acti%e le%els it appears t!at $ost slices (re too t!in to &e pus!:&ac*s



(n" !at is One ec* o# a ap (n" !at is One ec* o# a ap

5n #act t!e ten"enc' o# price:#a*e pits to $a*e !uge 9u$ps is calle" 7!e ap8.

5t is a co$$on pro&le$ ;an" $at!e$aticall' a #eature o# 3earc!:ross$an/!ic! "e#ines solutions onl' at certain points<



!e ap!e ap

- 3arge 9u$ps are i$practical to sc!e"ule as a3arge 9u$ps are i$practical to sc!e"ule as a

pus!:&ac*pus!:&ac*

- 3earc!:ross$an in#act sol%es an altere"3earc!:ross$an in#act sol%es an altere"

pro&le$ t!at onl' !as solutions perio"icall'pro&le$ t!at onl' !as solutions perio"icall'

"e#ine""e#ine"- !us 'ou $a' raise t!e price an" not!ing!us 'ou $a' raise t!e price an" not!ing

!appens till t!e pit 9u$ps.!appens till t!e pit 9u$ps.- 3ets tr' a #loating cone an" put s$aller price3ets tr' a #loating cone an" put s$aller price

c!anges in t!e range )!ere t!e 9u$p occurs.c!anges in t!e range )!ere t!e 9u$p occurs.



C!ec* #or Our Price 4u$p PointC!ec* #or Our Price 4u$p Point

=Ll& Cu

=0Ll& Cu

@=Ll& Cu

3oo*s li*e )e 9u$pe" &et)een =0 an" @= cents



/ell !at /asnt /!at 5 ope"/ell !at /asnt /!at 5 ope"

or or 5nitial Pit !as 21A Slope

=0L==L=L

@2L

@=L 110 M

I0M

/e coul" $ine t!e =0 cent pit top "o)n> an" = to @= cents $a*e a practical one (cti%e &enc! pus!:&ac*



ere is (not!er r'ere is (not!er r'

@=L

=L=L

=IL

O 5E ME ( B,E( – t!at gap is ri"iculous



So$e ,ealities (&out Price a*eSo$e ,ealities (&out Price a*e

apsaps

=L=IL

=I.L

@=L

/e still !a%e our gap. 5n a long ter$ planning en%iron$ent )e !a%e )i"el'Space" "rill !oles. Our gra"e esti$ation %ariances or t!e $ar*et #luctuations #ro$

( &utter#l' in Nepal stretc!ing its )ings are larger t!an our gap. !e a&ilit' to getPrice #a*es to co$pletel' "e#ine our $ining sequence is an illusion.



ools /e a%e or etting (ools /e a%e or etting (

,eal Pus!:Bac* Plan,eal Pus!:Bac* Plan- /e coul" al)a's use t!e price s!ells an"/e coul" al)a's use t!e price s!ells an"

t!en tr' to use our o)n guesses a&outt!en tr' to use our o)n guesses a&out

pus!&ac* "irection to "esign pus!&ac*s )it!pus!&ac* "irection to "esign pus!&ac*s )it!

t!e Pit Expansion oolt!e Pit Expansion ool- /e )ill ulti$atel' !a%e to "o t!is &ut )e can get/e )ill ulti$atel' !a%e to "o t!is &ut )e can get

$ore gui"ance$ore gui"ance

-

/e coul" run t!at loating Cone )it!/e coul" run t!at loating Cone )it!geo$etric an" price constraints to get sogeo$etric an" price constraints to get so

realistic pus!:&ac* s!ells &e#ore )e use t!erealistic pus!:&ac* s!ells &e#ore )e use t!e

pit expansion tool.pit expansion tool.



Enter t!e Multi:Pit OptionEnter t!e Multi:Pit Option

5ts a single ra"io &utton on t!e Design Strateg' Panel.

( / / l" / N( / / l" / N



(s /e /oul" uess – /e No) (s /e /oul" uess – /e No)

a%e to ill Out an Extraa%e to ill Out an Extra

eo$etric Constraints Paneleo$etric Constraints Panel



Practical ConstraintsPractical Constraints

5t )ants to *no) a&out 'our Pro"uction rate an"Pus!&ac* require$ents

5t )ants to *no) eit!er our earl' ore $ining or totalOre $ining capacit';ie – !o) $uc! $aterialCan 'ou $o%e in a 'ear<Note – it is in Ktons –

Units of 1,000 tons

5# 'ou are reall' #ogg' (&out 'our $ining capacit' (t t!is point – relax> t!isOnl' &eco$es critical i# 'ou

(ppl' a "iscount rate in t!e



ere is an i$portant constraintere is an i$portant constraint

/e can i$pose a $ini$u$onnage or nu$&er o# Bloc*s in a pus! &ac*;t!is )oul" eli$inate so$eO# t!ose paper t!in 10oot pus!:&ac*s t!at coul"Onl' &e $ine" &' t!eSe%en D)ar#s #ro$ Sno)/!ite<

/e can also controlPus!:&ac* )i"t! ;sort o#<



/!at Does Sort o# Control Pus!:/!at Does Sort o# Control Pus!:

Bac* /i"t! Mean?Bac* /i"t! Mean?- !e control is not "irect!e control is not "irect- /!at 'ou actuall' control is !o) $an' ne) &enc!es/!at 'ou actuall' control is !o) $an' ne) &enc!es

t!e pit can go "o)n in a pus!:&ac*t!e pit can go "o)n in a pus!:&ac*-

O# course t!is is use#ul o# itsel# &ecause so$eti$es a Price:O# course t!is is use#ul o# itsel# &ecause so$eti$es a Price:a*e onl' routine )ill tr' to open 1= ne) &enc!es in a 'ear.a*e onl' routine )ill tr' to open 1= ne) &enc!es in a 'ear.Most operators )oul" #in" t!at %er' !ar" to "o.Most operators )oul" #in" t!at %er' !ar" to "o.

- !e in"irect e##ect is t!at as one goes "o)n t!e'!e in"irect e##ect is t!at as one goes "o)n t!e'usuall' !a%e to pus! &ac* at a certain slope – t!us ausuall' !a%e to pus! &ac* at a certain slope – t!us a

pus! "o)n usuall' also i$plies a pus!:o%er "istance.pus! "o)n usuall' also i$plies a pus!:o%er "istance.- ,e$e$&er t!is control )or*s &est along )it!,e$e$&er t!is control )or*s &est along )it!i$posing a tonnage t!at $ust &e $ine" in a pus!:i$posing a tonnage t!at $ust &e $ine" in a pus!:&ac*.&ac*.



ou a%e a Direct Control onou a%e a Direct Control on

/!ic! Pit S!ells )ill get/!ic! Pit S!ells )ill getin#or$ation an" !o) $an'in#or$ation an" !o) $an'

p!ases )ill &e planne".p!ases )ill &e planne".

!is i"enti#ies t!e pits!ell Nu$&ers to gett!e 5n#or$ation.



ou Can Control Pit Expansionou Can Control Pit Expansion

DirectionDirection (s a practical $atter Pus!ing &ac* a pit in allDirections at once isDi##icult – )!at )oul" &e

appening to all t!ose,oa"s t!at carr' $aterial.

Note t!at !ere 5 can contr /!ic! parts o# t!e &loc*Mo"el are consi"ere"

5n a pus!:&ac* step.

Man' ti$es 'ou can loo* atMan' ti$es 'ou can loo* at



Man' ti$es 'ou can loo* atMan' ti$es 'ou can loo* at

Econo$ic S!ells an" Deci"e /!ic!Econo$ic S!ells an" Deci"e /!ic!

/a' to Pus!./a' to Pus!. Start

Pus! &ac* 1

Pus! &ac* 2

Pus! &ac*

Pus! &ac*

Pus! &ac* =

!en "o)n to!e &otto$.



!e 3ast Part o# t!e Multi:Pit!e 3ast Part o# t!e Multi:Pit

Control PanelControl PanelSo$e o# t!ese4ust restate )asteMining costs an" oreDensities #oun" inOt!er parts o# t!e,un ;t!e' can &eO%er:ri""en !ere #or So$e #ine tuningric*s<



So$eti$es ou /ant to 5$poseSo$eti$es ou /ant to 5$pose

t!at no roc* outsi"e t!e 76lti$atet!at no roc* outsi"e t!e 76lti$atePit8 )ill &e consi"ere".Pit8 )ill &e consi"ere".ou can set t!e6lti$ate pit as ( sur#ace )!ere

No &loc* outsi"e/ill &e consi"ere" (s ore to $ine.

;9ust i"enti#' t!eS!ell t!at containsour ulti$ate pit<



But /oul"nt 5 (l)a's 6se M'But /oul"nt 5 (l)a's 6se M'

6lti$ate Pit as a 3i$iting Sur#ace?6lti$ate Pit as a 3i$iting Sur#ace?- O#ten an ulti$ate pit is "esigne" using t!eO#ten an ulti$ate pit is "esigne" using t!e

$ineral prices an" operating costs &elie%e"$ineral prices an" operating costs &elie%e"

to &e $ost li*el'to &e $ost li*el'

- 5# 'ou let t!e $ulti:pit s!ells go out o#5# 'ou let t!e $ulti:pit s!ells go out o#

&oun"aries later routines can loo* #or&oun"aries later routines can loo* #or

con"itions )!ere 'ou $ig!t get a little $orecon"itions )!ere 'ou $ig!t get a little $ore

- 5# pits &e'on" t!e ulti$ate are not econo$icall'5# pits &e'on" t!e ulti$ate are not econo$icall'#easi&le t!is )ill s!o) up t!at $ining t!e last #e)#easi&le t!is )ill s!o) up t!at $ining t!e last #e)

p!ases $a' not &e econo$ic.p!ases $a' not &e econo$ic.



Mini$u$ an" Maxi$u$ actorsMini$u$ an" Maxi$u$ actors

Control o) t!e ,outineControl o) t!e ,outineenerates Pitsenerates Pits!e %alues are setBet)een 0 an" 1;unless 'ou )ant

o generate pitS!ells outsi"e 'our 7Base Case8 6lti$atePit<.

/!o e%er put in t!eseactors nee"e" !elp1.= is $ore t!an &ot!1 an" t!e point 0.$axi$u$



o) Multi:Pit (%oi"s 7t!e (P8o) Multi:Pit (%oi"s 7t!e (P8

)it! e%en tin' price c!anges)it! e%en tin' price c!anges- 3ets sa' t!e $ini$u$ is 0.13ets sa' t!e $ini$u$ is 0.1

- Multi:Pit loo*s at eac! colu$n o# &loc*sMulti:Pit loo*s at eac! colu$n o# &loc*s

in t!e &loc* $o"el an" "esignates t!ein t!e &loc* $o"el an" "esignates t!etop 10 to &e ore – all ot!ers aretop 10 to &e ore – all ot!ers are

treate" as )astetreate" as )aste

6lti$atePit 3ine;no oreOutsi"e!is

Boun"ar'<

Ore &loc*s;actuall' t!e top10 o# &loc*s<



Note t!at t!e Progra$ !as no)Note t!at t!e Progra$ !as no)

$a"e a clear incre$ental step in$a"e a clear incre$ental step in)!at is t!e &est roc* an" )!at is)!at is t!e &est roc* an" )!at is

lessless- !e progra$ t!en atte$pts to generate a pit!e progra$ t!en atte$pts to generate a pit

using onl' t!e top 10 #or ore &loc*susing onl' t!e top 10 #or ore &loc*s- (#ter generating a pit it c!ec*s to see i# (#ter generating a pit it c!ec*s to see i#

tonnage an" pus!&ac* si+e constraints !a%etonnage an" pus!&ac* si+e constraints !a%e

&een $a"e&een $a"e- 5# 'es it "eclares it #oun" a pit p!ase a"%ance$ent5# 'es it "eclares it #oun" a pit p!ase a"%ance$ent

an" outputs t!e result.an" outputs t!e result.



5# Not?5# Not?

- !e progra$ t!en ta*es t!e top 20 o#!e progra$ t!en ta*es t!e top 20 o#&loc*s as ore ;it $o%es in 10&loc*s as ore ;it $o%es in 10

incre$ents<incre$ents<- 5t tr's to generate a pit5t tr's to generate a pit

- 5t c!ec*s t!e pits against t!e constraints5t c!ec*s t!e pits against t!e constraints

- 5# it $eets t!e constraints it reports t!e pit5# it $eets t!e constraints it reports t!e pitas t!e next p!aseas t!e next p!ase

- 5# not it tries t!e top 0 o# &loc*s.5# not it tries t!e top 0 o# &loc*s.



So /!at (re Maxi$u$s MoreSo /!at (re Maxi$u$s More

!an 1?!an 1?- 1 is all t!e ore&loc*s t!at )ere1 is all t!e ore&loc*s t!at )ere

consi"ere" ore in t!e &ase 7ulti$ate pitconsi"ere" ore in t!e &ase 7ulti$ate pitcase8case8

- 1.1 is t!e 10 o# t!e &loc*s &e'on" t!at1.1 is t!e 10 o# t!e &loc*s &e'on" t!at- !ese &loc*s !a%e to !a%e t!eir earnings!ese &loc*s !a%e to !a%e t!eir earnings

&ooste" &' 10 to appear to &e ore&ooste" &' 10 to appear to &e ore

- 1.2 is #or a 20 &oost appearing to &e1.2 is #or a 20 &oost appearing to &eoreore



!e Discount ,ate Blan*!e Discount ,ate Blan*

!is allo)s 'ou to5$pose t!e ti$ealue o# $one'On 'our oreSequence planning

5# 5 )ante" a 1=Discount rate 5/oul" input t!eNu$&er 1=.



ou Can (lso (ppl' Discountingou Can (lso (ppl' Discounting

B' i$e #ro$ anot!er panelB' i$e #ro$ anot!er panel



/!at is Discounting?/!at is Discounting?

- 6sing Engineering Econo$ics6sing Engineering Econo$icsprinciples> $one' recei%e" later in ti$eprinciples> $one' recei%e" later in ti$eis )or* less t!an $one' earlier in ti$eis )or* less t!an $one' earlier in ti$e- !e "iscount rate is t!e percentage o# %alue!e "iscount rate is t!e percentage o# %alue

lost eac! 'ear lost eac! 'ear

- MineSig!t )ill consi"er 'our $ining ratesMineSig!t )ill consi"er 'our $ining rates

an" )!en certain ore is li*el' to &ean" )!en certain ore is li*el' to &e$ine" an" t!en lo)er t!e %alue o# t!e$ine" an" t!en lo)er t!e %alue o# t!e&loc* accor"ingl'&loc* accor"ingl'



/!' /oul" 5 Do !is/!' /oul" 5 Do !is

- So$eti$es )!en 'ou calculate an ulti$ate pitSo$eti$es )!en 'ou calculate an ulti$ate pitor stage pits 'ou )ant to tell people %er'or stage pits 'ou )ant to tell people %er'quic*l' a&out )!at t!e Net Present alue o#quic*l' a&out )!at t!e Net Present alue o#

t!e Pit ist!e Pit is- 5# 'ou use t!e "irect %alue o# ore 'ou )ill tell5# 'ou use t!e "irect %alue o# ore 'ou )ill tell

people !o) $uc! $one' )ill ulti$atel' &epeople !o) $uc! $one' )ill ulti$atel' &egenerate"generate"

-Discounting lets 'ou approxi$ate NP &e#ore 'ouDiscounting lets 'ou approxi$ate NP &e#ore 'ou!a%e a $ore co$plete $ine "esign an" cut:o##!a%e a $ore co$plete $ine "esign an" cut:o##gra"e opti$i+ation strateg'.gra"e opti$i+ation strateg'.



5 Ma"e ( Nast' ,e$a*e (&out5 Ma"e ( Nast' ,e$a*e (&out

Discounting Earlier Discounting Earlier - /!ats t!e ar$/!ats t!e ar$

- 5# 'ou )ant a quic* NP esti$ate – not!ing5# 'ou )ant a quic* NP esti$ate – not!ing

- But i# 'ou are going to "o a $ore "etaile"But i# 'ou are going to "o a $ore "etaile""esign it )ill "istort t!e results"esign it )ill "istort t!e results- (s 5 "iscount later $ine" ore 5 actuall' )ill cut: (s 5 "iscount later $ine" ore 5 actuall' )ill cut:

&ac* on ore 5 )oul" strip to get&ac* on ore 5 )oul" strip to get

- Ore 20 'ears in t!e #uture !as little NP i$pactOre 20 'ears in t!e #uture !as little NP i$pact

to"a'> &ut 20 'ears #ro$ no) K=0>000>000to"a'> &ut 20 'ears #ro$ no) K=0>000>000"ollars )ill &e K=0>000>000> 5 pro&a&l' )ill not"ollars )ill &e K=0>000>000> 5 pro&a&l' )ill not

9ust )al* a)a' 9ust )al* a)a'



Putting Discounting into Bloc*sPutting Discounting into Bloc*s

3ea"s to Dou&le Counting3ea"s to Dou&le Counting- (#ter )e get our pit stages )e )ill tr' (#ter )e get our pit stages )e )ill tr'

"i##erent $ining rates an" cut:o## gra"es"i##erent $ining rates an" cut:o## gra"es

to see )!at pro"uces t!e &est NPto see )!at pro"uces t!e &est NP- 5# t!e &loc*s !a%e NP esti$ates &uilt into5# t!e &loc*s !a%e NP esti$ates &uilt into

t!e$ on general assu$ptions it )illt!e$ on general assu$ptions it )ill

inter#ere )it! NP accurac' )!en )einter#ere )it! NP accurac' )!en )e

$a*e $ore "etaile" assu$ptions.$a*e $ore "etaile" assu$ptions.



Multi:Pit in MineSig!ts $ostMulti:Pit in MineSig!ts $ost

Po)er#ul (nti:ap oolPo)er#ul (nti:ap ool

!ere are Ot!er C!oices



5 /ill 6se t!e Multi Option5 /ill 6se t!e Multi Option

!e rest o# t!e panels (re set #or ulti$ate pit.

5 clic* t!e ra"io &uttonor Multi instea" o#

Base.

or stage pits 5$ alsoConsi"ering #loatingCone as goo" enoug!or $' approxi$ation.



!is ,equires Me to ill Out (!is ,equires Me to ill Out (

Special Panel to Control t!eSpecial Panel to Control t!e

MultiMulti ,e$e$&er $' #ile 1as a nu$&er o# Pit sur#aces #ro$ 0 to=0 a%aila&le. 5 !a%eo sa' )!ic! ones 5

/ant to #ill.



5$ r'ing #or 21 Steps to o in5$ r'ing #or 21 Steps to o in

Pits 10 to 0Pits 10 to 0

!e &enc! an" &loc*,ange allo)s us to li$ito) $uc! o# t!e &loc*Mo"el )e run calculationOn. ;/ere not going toDo t!is. ou )oul" "o it

5# 'our &loc* $o"elCo%ere" a large area an"!e ore )as onl' in one (rea<.

!e %alue #actors nee" so$e explanation.



o) Multi /or*so) Multi /or*s

- 5t calculates t!e %alue o# eac! &loc* at #ull $etal prices5t calculates t!e %alue o# eac! &loc* at #ull $etal prices- !en it $ultiplies t!e %alue o# eac! positi%e &loc* &' t!e!en it $ultiplies t!e %alue o# eac! positi%e &loc* &' t!e

$ini$u$ #actor $ini$u$ #actor

- 5t t!en )ill run a #loating cone to pic* t!e pit it )ill $ine5t t!en )ill run a #loating cone to pic* t!e pit it )ill $ine

- Next ti$e aroun" it incre$ents t!e #actor one e%enNext ti$e aroun" it incre$ents t!e #actor one e%enstep up #ro$ t!e $ini$u$ %alue to t!e $axi$u$step up #ro$ t!e $ini$u$ %alue to t!e $axi$u$- 5t re$ultiplies t!e %alue o# eac! positi%e &loc*5t re$ultiplies t!e %alue o# eac! positi%e &loc*

- 5t runs a #loating cone to pic* t!e next pit sur#ace5t runs a #loating cone to pic* t!e next pit sur#ace

- (n" so on (n" so on- O# course a prices reall' c!ange )!ic! &loc*s are e%enO# course a prices reall' c!ange )!ic! &loc*s are e%en

positi%e )ill c!angepositi%e )ill c!ange

- !is is a "i##erent )a' o# tr'ing to pic* t!e $ost %alua&le ore.!is is a "i##erent )a' o# tr'ing to pic* t!e $ost %alua&le ore.



5 /ill 3et M' alues o ro$5 /ill 3et M' alues o ro$

(l$ost Not!ing to ull alue (l$ost Not!ing to ull alue

3astl' 5 )ill or"er t!e co$puter to $a*e sure all $' pits are neste"5nsi"e $' 3erc! ross$an ulti$ate pit ;)!ic! 5 !a%e store" in pitSur#ace 2<.



So$e Multi: O&ser%ationsSo$e Multi: O&ser%ations

- Multi: is reall' incre$enting t!e %alueMulti: is reall' incre$enting t!e %alueo# &loc*so# &loc*s- !is is si$ilar to )!at )e "i" &' stepping!is is si$ilar to )!at )e "i" &' stepping

t!roug! $etal prices )it! a $ulti:runt!roug! $etal prices )it! a $ulti:run ;O#;O#

course )e *no) 7t!e ap8 naile" us goo" )!en )e "i" t!is<course )e *no) 7t!e ap8 naile" us goo" )!en )e "i" t!is<

- Multi: "oes not reco$pute" t!e %alue o#Multi: "oes not reco$pute" t!e %alue o#&loc*s e%er' ti$e&loc*s e%er' ti$e

- 5nstea" it $ultiplies an alrea"' co$pute" %alue5nstea" it $ultiplies an alrea"' co$pute" %alue&' a constant&' a constant

- 5ts *in" o# a c!eap %ersion o# a $ulti:run5ts *in" o# a c!eap %ersion o# a $ulti:run



!e Ot!er C!oices!e Ot!er C!oices

- Multi:Q incre$ents t!e "ept! o# oreMulti:Q incre$ents t!e "ept! o# oreconsi"ere"consi"ere"

- Botto$s ta*es a series o# 7&ase strings8 t!atBotto$s ta*es a series o# 7&ase strings8 t!at

'ou entere" – pro9ects pits up #ro$ t!e$ an"'ou entere" – pro9ects pits up #ro$ t!e$ an"t!en puts t!e pits in %alue or"er t!en puts t!e pits in %alue or"er - !is can &e use#ul i# 'our ore&o"' pro"uces a!is can &e use#ul i# 'our ore&o"' pro"uces a

&unc! o# little pits instea" o# one &ig one&unc! o# little pits instea" o# one &ig one

- ,esources is not a pit "esign tool at all – it,esources is not a pit "esign tool at all – it 9ust reports t!e ore content a %alue o# an 9ust reports t!e ore content a %alue o# analrea"' "e%elope" pit.alrea"' "e%elope" pit.

(t t! E " # t! P /



(t t!e En" o# t!e Process /e (t t!e En" o# t!e Process /e

/ill a%e a Series o# Practical/ill a%e a Series o# Practical

Pus!:Bac*sPus!:Bac*s



/!ere Do 5 o ro$ ere?/!ere Do 5 o ro$ ere?

- 5 !a%e t)o tools a!ea"5 !a%e t)o tools a!ea"

- MS(3PMS(3P- MS(3P lets $e consi"er )!at $ining rate )illMS(3P lets $e consi"er )!at $ining rate )ill

gi%e $e t!e &est NP or P,gi%e $e t!e &est NP or P,

- 5t also lets $e consi"er t!at 5 can i$pro%e $' NP5t also lets $e consi"er t!at 5 can i$pro%e $' NP

an" P, &' c!anging t!e cut:o## gra"e )it! ti$ean" P, &' c!anging t!e cut:o## gra"e )it! ti$e

-

MineSig!t Strategic Planner MineSig!t Strategic Planner - Calculates in "etail )!ere 'ou )ill &e pulling oreCalculates in "etail )!ere 'ou )ill &e pulling ore

#ro$ eac! 'ear o# operation#ro$ eac! 'ear o# operation

C l i 3 MiC l ti 3 Mi



Co$pleting a 3ong er$ MineCo$pleting a 3ong er$ Mine

PlanPlan- B' ta*ing 'our stage pits an" using MS(3PB' ta*ing 'our stage pits an" using MS(3P

#or general opti$i+ation#or general opti$i+ation

- (n" t!en using MSSP to get a "etaile" plan (n" t!en using MSSP to get a "etaile" plan

- ou en" up )it! a "etaile" 'ear &' 'ear planou en" up )it! a "etaile" 'ear &' 'ear plan

o# )!ere 'ou )ill $ine an" )!at it )ill &eo# )!ere 'ou )ill $ine an" )!at it )ill &e

)ort! in t!e en")ort! in t!e en"

- !is plan t!en &eco$es t!e &asis #or "a' to "a'!is plan t!en &eco$es t!e &asis #or "a' to "a'operating "ecisions )!en t!e $ine is actuall' &uiltoperating "ecisions )!en t!e $ine is actuall' &uilt



Our Decision No)Our Decision No)

- /!en "o )e use t!e pit expansion tool/!en "o )e use t!e pit expansion tool

an" "etail in our roa"s an" &enc!es #oran" "etail in our roa"s an" &enc!es #or

t!ese $ining p!ases )e create"?t!ese $ining p!ases )e create"?

- /e coul" "o t!is &e#ore or a#ter )e run/e coul" "o t!is &e#ore or a#ter )e run

MS(3PMS(3P

- Since &enc!es an" roa"s alter slig!tl' t!eSince &enc!es an" roa"s alter slig!tl' t!e

exact ore )e $ine i# )e "o it no) )e #ee"exact ore )e $ine i# )e "o it no) )e #ee"

$ore "etail to MS(3P$ore "etail to MS(3P



Decision i$eDecision i$e

- On t!e Ot!er an"On t!e Ot!er an"- MS(3P assu$es )e )ill $ine eac!MS(3P assu$es )e )ill $ine eac!

p!ase #ro$ t!e top "o)np!ase #ro$ t!e top "o)n

- 5# it #in"s it nee"s to prestrip ore to *eep t!e5# it #in"s it nee"s to prestrip ore to *eep t!ea$ount o# equip$ent )e nee" stea"' it )ill 9usta$ount o# equip$ent )e nee" stea"' it )ill 9ustassu$e it can &e "one )it!out #iguring )!ereassu$e it can &e "one )it!out #iguring )!eret!e $aterial )ill co$e #ro$t!e $aterial )ill co$e #ro$

- Since MS(3P is not reall' speci#ic a&outSince MS(3P is not reall' speci#ic a&out)!ere t!e $aterial it is $ining co$es #ro$)!ere t!e $aterial it is $ining co$es #ro$ – &eing real speci#ic a&out roa"s $ig!t not – &eing real speci#ic a&out roa"s $ig!t not&e i$portant.&e i$portant.



So$e E"ucators O&ser%ationsSo$e E"ucators O&ser%ations

- 5# 'ou are "oing a Sr. Design Pro9ect 'ou !a%e5# 'ou are "oing a Sr. Design Pro9ect 'ou !a%ea tea$a tea$- !ere is a lot o# C(D )or* to put in roa"s an"!ere is a lot o# C(D )or* to put in roa"s an"

&enc!es&enc!es- 5t is !ar" to !a%e a lot o# people )or*ing on "i##erent5t is !ar" to !a%e a lot o# people )or*ing on "i##erent

p!ases at t!e sa$e ti$ep!ases at t!e sa$e ti$e- !is can $ean a &unc! o# tea$ $e$&ers sitting i"le!is can $ean a &unc! o# tea$ $e$&ers sitting i"le

)!ile t!e &enc!es are "one an" t!en e%er'one !urr'ing)!ile t!e &enc!es are "one an" t!en e%er'one !urr'ingto $a*e up #or it.to $a*e up #or it.

- MS(3P )ill also &e use" to consi"er "i##erent $iningMS(3P )ill also &e use" to consi"er "i##erent $iningratesrates

- 5# one o# t!ose rate "ecisions c!anges 'our truc* si+e t!at5# one o# t!ose rate "ecisions c!anges 'our truc* si+e t!atcoul" c!ange t!e roa" )i"t! an" ruin a lot o# )or* so$eonecoul" c!ange t!e roa" )i"t! an" ruin a lot o# )or* so$eoneelse !as "one.else !as "one.



SuggestionSuggestion

- Brea* up t!e tea$Brea* up t!e tea$

- Sen" so$eone to )or* on p!ase &enc!Sen" so$eone to )or* on p!ase &enc!

an" roa" "esigns ;to &e use" later inan" roa" "esigns ;to &e use" later in

MSSP<MSSP<

- !en !a%e ot!er tea$ $e$&ers use t!e!en !a%e ot!er tea$ $e$&ers use t!e

roug! p!ases 'ou !a%e no) to run t!eroug! p!ases 'ou !a%e no) to run t!e

$ining rate an" cut:o## gra"e opti$i+ations$ining rate an" cut:o## gra"e opti$i+ationso# MS(3Po# MS(3P



(ssign$ent 1 (ssign$ent 1

- 6sing t!e ile #or /!ic! ou Di" an6sing t!e ile #or /!ic! ou Di" an

Open Pit "esign a $ini$u$ o# IOpen Pit "esign a $ini$u$ o# I

practical stage pitspractical stage pits

- our #irst s!oul" &e a practical top "o)nour #irst s!oul" &e a practical top "o)n

initial pit.initial pit.

1 planning ore extraction sequences in open pit mines.ppt

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