1 pertemuan 12 understanding enterprise computing matakuliah: j0282 / pengantar teknologi informasi...

1

Pertemuan 12

Understanding Enterprise Computing

Matakuliah : J0282 / Pengantar Teknologi Informasi

Tahun : 2005

Versi : 02/02

2

Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :

• memilih strategi dasar pemanfaatan komputer bagi suatu institusi bisnis

3

Outline Materi

• Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Enterprise Wide Technology

• Enterprise Hardware

• Disaster Recovery Plan

4

Data and Information

• How are data and information related?

processing

data stored on diskStep 1. The member data, including a photograph, is entered and stored on the hard disk.

Step 2. The computer extracts the member data from disk.

Step 3. The receipt is created and printed.

Data is raw facts Information is data that is organized

and meaningful

receipt

Computers process data into information

5


• What is data integrity? Degree to which data is

correct Garbage in, garbage

out (GIGO)—computer phrase that means you cannot create correct information from incorrect data

Garbage out

Garbage in

Data integrity is lost

6

UsefulUsefulAccessibleAccessible

OrganizedOrganized


• What are the qualities of valuable information?

TimelyTimely

VerifiableVerifiable

AccurateAccurate

Cost-effectiveCost-effective

7

What is Enterprise Computing?

• What is an enterprise?

Large organization such as multinational corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or government organization

Large organization such as multinational corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or government organization

Requires special computing solutions because of its sizeRequires special computing solutions because of its size

Enterprise computingEnterprise computing—use of computers in networks that

encompass variety of operating systems, protocols, and network architectures

Enterprise computingEnterprise computing—use of computers in networks that

encompass variety of operating systems, protocols, and network architectures

8


• How does information flow within an enterprise? Enterprise manages large amounts of information over an

extensive geographical area and disparate groups of people

9


• How are enterprises organized? Most are

organized in a hierarchy

10

Executive managementExecutive managementstrategic decisions

Middle managementMiddle managementtactical decisions


• What are the four categories of users?

Operational managementOperational managementoperational decisions

Nonmanagement employeesNonmanagement employeeson-the-job decisions

11


• What is enterprise information?

Information gathered in ongoing operations of enterprise

Information gathered in ongoing operations of enterprise

Allows managers to make better decisions

Allows managers to make better decisions

Collected, combined, and analyzed over time

Collected, combined, and analyzed over time

12


• What are the four management activities?

1. Planningobjectivesstrategiestactics

2. Organizingmoneypeoplemanagement structure

3. Leadingcommunicationsinstructionsmotivation

4. Controllingperformancemeasurementcorrective action

13

Information Systems in the Enterprise

•What is an information system?

Set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information Procedures are

instructions users follow to accomplish activities

14


• What is a functional unit? Individual operating entity, which can include

departments, centers, and divisions

ManufacturingManufacturingEngineering Engineering or Product or Product

DevelopmentDevelopment

Accounting Accounting andand

FinanceFinance

HumanHumanResources Resources

(HR)(HR)

DistributionDistributionSalesSalesMarketingMarketing

InformationInformationTechnologyTechnology

Customer Customer ServiceService

15


• What is a human resources information system (HRIS)?

Manages human resources function Employee relationship management (ERM) system

facilitates communication with employees

16


• What are the functions of accounting and finance systems?

17


• What is computer-aided design (CAD)? Uses special

software to aid in product design

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs

18


• What is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?

Use of computers to control production equipment

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) integrates operations of manufacturing process

19


• What is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?

Uses software to monitor and control production processes

Focuses on inventory of parts

Manufacturing Resource Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II)Planning II (MRP II)is extension of MRP

Helps in scheduling, tracking production,

and monitoring product quality

20


• What is a marketing information system? Central repository for marketing tasks Market research system analyzes data gathered from

surveys

21


• What is sales force automation (SFA) software?

Tools for traveling salespeople

Runs on PDAs or notebook computers

22


• What are distribution systems?

Provide forecasting Provide forecasting for inventory control for inventory control

track shipping of track shipping of productsproducts

Provide tracking Provide tracking of product of product shipmentsshipments

23


•What is customer interaction management (CIM) software?

Manages interactions with customers Telephone calls E-mail Web interactions Instant Messaging

sessions

24


• What is an office information system (OIS)?

Users create graphics and documents, send messages, schedule appointments, and

browse the Web

Sometimes called office automation

Enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other

electronic devices instead of manually

25


• What is a transaction processing system (TPS)?

Captures and processes data from day-to-day transactions

Transaction—individual business activity

26


• What is a management information system (MIS)?

Generates accurate, timely, and organized information so managers can track progress and make decisions

27


• What is a decision support system (DSS)? Helps users analyze data and make decisions Uses data from internal and external sources, as needed Executive information system (EIS) supports needs of

executive management

28


• What is an expert system?

Captures and stores knowledge of human Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and then imitates human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision makingreasoning and decision making

Captures and stores knowledge of human Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and then imitates human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision makingreasoning and decision making

Consists of two componentsConsists of two componentsConsists of two componentsConsists of two components

knowledge base—knowledge base—combined subject combined subject

knowledge and knowledge and experiences of experiences of human expertshuman experts

knowledge base—knowledge base—combined subject combined subject

knowledge and knowledge and experiences of experiences of human expertshuman experts

inference rules—set inference rules—set of logical judgments of logical judgments

applied to the applied to the knowledge baseknowledge base

inference rules—set inference rules—set of logical judgments of logical judgments

applied to the applied to the knowledge baseknowledge base

29


• What is an example of an expert system?

Step 1. Select from a menu or click a picture for a diet program.

Step 2. Select the type of fat-loss diet based on the initial selection.

Step 3. Specify the caloric goals and current calorie intake.

Step 4. Review the diet summary.

30


• What are some common types of expert systems?

Knowledge Knowledge management management

software (KMS)software (KMS) captures expertise of captures expertise of

workersworkers

Artificial Artificial intelligenceintelligence

is application of is application of human human

intelligence intelligence to computersto computers

Knowledge Knowledge managementmanagement

is process by which is process by which enterprise collects, enterprise collects,

archives, indexes, and archives, indexes, and retrieves knowledgeretrieves knowledge

31


• What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)? Provides

software applications to coordinate activities of functional units

32


•What is a customer relationship management (CRM) system?

Manages information about customers, interactions with customers, past purchases, and interests

Mainly used in three departments

Sales—tracks sales Sales—tracks sales process from initial process from initial

contact through contact through final purchasefinal purchase

Customer service Customer service department—department—tracks ongoing tracks ongoing correspondence correspondence with customerwith customer

Marketing—learns Marketing—learns about customers about customers and then designs and then designs

new productsnew products

33


• What is a content management system (CMS)?

Combination of databases, software, and procedures Organizes and allows access to documents and other files

34

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

• What is a portal? Collection of links, content,

and services presented on Web page

Designed to guide users to information they are likely to find interesting for a particular job function

35


• What is a data warehouse? Huge database that

stores data required to analyze historical and current transactions

36


• What are Web services? Technologies that

allow businesses to create products and B2B (business-to-business) interactions on Internet

37


• What is a workflow? Steps involved in

completing project or business process

Workflow application is a program that tracks process from start to finish

38


• What is a virtual private network (VPN)? Provides secure connection for user connecting to

company network server using Internet

39

Enterprise Hardware

• What is enterprise hardware?

Allows large Allows large organizations organizations

to manage to manage and store dataand store data

Often Often includes includes levels of levels of

redundancyredundancy

One goal is One goal is to maintain to maintain high level of high level of availabilityavailability

Redundancyif one piece

breaks, another part can assume

tasks

Availabilityhow often

hardware is online

40

Enterprise Hardware

• What are high-availability systems?

Availability (uptime) of at least 99 percent

Availability (uptime) of at least 99 percent

Often includes hot-swapping

Often includes hot-swapping

Hot-swappingallows components to be replaced while

rest of system continues

to perform tasks

Hot-swappingallows components to be replaced while

rest of system continues

to perform tasks

May include redundant

components

May include redundant

components

Redundant componenttakes over task of

similar component that fails

Redundant componenttakes over task of

similar component that fails

41

Enterprise Hardware

• What are scalability and interoperability?

ScalabilityScalabilityis measure of how well is measure of how well

computer hardware system, computer hardware system, software application, or software application, or

information system can grow information system can grow to meet increasing needsto meet increasing needs

InteroperabilityInteroperabilityis ability to share information is ability to share information

with other information with other information systems within enterprisesystems within enterprise

Adding hardware Adding hardware is often easiest is often easiest method to growmethod to grow

System that shares System that shares information easily information easily is said to be is said to be openopen

42

Disaster Recovery Plan

• What is a disaster recovery plan? Written plan for restoring computer operations in event of

disaster

Recovery planactions to be taken

to restore full information processing operations

Test plansimulates various levels of disasters

and records ability to recover

Emergency plansteps to be taken

immediately after disaster

Backup planhow backup files and equipment

would be used to resume information

processing

43

• Source : Shelly, Gary B. Discovering Computers (2004/2005/2006). Thomson Course Technology. PPT for Chapter 14.

1 pertemuan 12 understanding enterprise computing matakuliah: j0282 / pengantar teknologi informasi...

Documents

enterprise information

correct information

information flow

member data

large amounts of information

employeesinformation

finance systems

activitiesinformation