1 perl regular expressions. things perl can do easily with regular expression 2 pattern matching...
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Perl Regular Expressions
Things Perl Can Do Easily with Regular Expression
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Pattern matchingFind out if a string contains some specific
pattern.Substitution
Replace parts of a string with other strings.Translation
Replace one character with another character.
Split functionSplit a string into substrings
Pattern Matchingif ($string =~ m/pattern/)
The result is TRUE ($string contains substring pattern)The result is false ($string does not contains substring
pattern)
$message=“I like C, C++, Perl, Java, and Python.”
if ($message =~ m/Perl/){
print “I see Perl\n”;}else{
print “I did not see Perl\n”;};
Pattern Matching to Verify Email@mail = ('[email protected]‘,'hab&cnn.com’);
foreach $address (@mail){if($address =~ m/@/){
print “$address seems to be a good eMail address\n";}else{
print "$address is a bad address\n"; }}
OUTPUT:[email protected] seems to be a good eMail addresshab&cnn.com is a bad address
SubstitutionString substitionIn string $string, replace every "Bill Clinton"
with an “Bush”:$string =~ s/Bill Clinton/Bush/;
TranslationReplace one character with another
characterIn $string, make all vowels upper case:
$string =~ tr/[a,e,i,o,u,y]/[A,E,I,O,U,Y]/;
Change every letter in $string to upper case:$string =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
Change every letter in $string to lower case$string =~ tr/[A-Z]/[a-z]/;
Split functionSplit a string into substrings Split on character: $data = 'Becky Lincoln,25,female,South Bend';@values = split(/,/, $data);Split on string: $data = ‘Care
Bears~~~10:30am~~~Saturday~~~CBS'; @values = split(/~~~/, $data);
Wildcard Character and RepetitionWildcard character
\w Match "word" character (alphanumeric plus "_")
\W Match non-word character\s Match whitespace character (tab or
space key)\d Match digit character\t Match tab\n Match newline
Repitition+ Match 1 or more times* Match 0 or more times{n} Match exactly n times
Task 1Write a Perl program that can
Convert the following string to an array of word
Convert upper case letters into lower caseDisplay each word in one line
“Hello There Nice to SEE Everyone”
Perl Program for Task 1#!/usr/bin/perl
$data="Hello There Nice to SEE Everyone";$data =~ tr/[A-Z]/[a-z]/;@words=split(/\s/, $data); #
@words=split(/ /, $data);foreach $word (@words){
print "$word\n";}
Split function (continued)Split a string into wordsDepending on how you define a wordWe define that words are separated by
non-word characters“Hi there, Java---API!” is considered as
four words
string = “Hi there, Java---API!” ; @words = split(/\W+/, $string);
@words now: (Hi, there, Java, API)
Task 2Write a Perl program that can
Convert the following string to an array of word
Convert upper case letters into lower caseDisplay each word in one line
“Hello There, (It is) Nice to SEE Everyone!”
Perl Program for Task 2#!/usr/bin/perl
$data="Hello There, (It is) Nice to SEE Everyone!";
$data =~ tr/[A-Z]/[a-z]/;@words=split(/\W+/, $data);foreach $word (@words){
print "$word\n";}
HashKey ValueKey must be uniqueExamples:
Student-ID Student GPABank_account_num BalanceName AgeName Birthday
1001 3.5
4004 3.8
3003 3.5
Student_ID Student_GPA
Fill the hash%C151 = (1001 => 3.5, 4004 => 3.8,
3003 => 3.5);
Copy a hash%CSCI_C151_ = %C151;
Lookup value through key$my_gpa = $C151{4004};
Update hash value through key$C151{4004} = 4.0;
Insert a new entry (key->value)$C151{2002} = 3.0;
Hash (red is key, blue is value)
1001 3.5
4004 4.0
3003 3.5
2002 3.0
1001 3.5
4004 3.8
3003 3.5
keys HASH returns an array with only the keys in the hash.
values HASH returns an array with only the values in the hash, in the same order as the keys returned by keys.
%C151 = (1001 => 3.5, 4004 => 3.8, 3003 => 3.5);
@k = keys %C151; #@k now: (1001, 4004, 3003)@v = values %C151; #@v now: (3.5, 3.8, 3.5)
Operations on Hash
Display all pairs of keyvalue
foreach $key (keys %hash){
print “$key ---> $hash{$key}\n"; }
Hash operations
Display the all the pairs of keyvalue in ascending order of keys (alphabetically).
foreach $key (sort keys %hash){
print “$key ---> $hash{$key}\n"; }
Hash operations
Task 3 (What Will Be Displayed)#!/usr/bin/perl%C151 = (1001=>3.5, 4004=>3.8,
3003=>3.5); print "the GPA of ID(3003) is
$C151{3003}\n";
$C151{4004} = 4.0;$C151{2002} = 3.0;
foreach $ID (keys %C151){
print "$ID-->$C151{$ID}\n";}
print "\nSort By ID:\n";foreach $ID (sort (keys %C151)){
print "$ID-->$C151{$ID}\n";}
Task 3#!/usr/bin/perl%C151 = (1001=>3.5, 4004=>3.8,
3003=>3.5); print "the GPA of ID(3003) is
$C151{3003}\n";
$C151{4004} = 4.0;$C151{2002} = 3.0;
foreach $ID (keys %C151){
print "$ID-->$C151{$ID}\n";}
print "\nSort By ID:\n";foreach $ID (sort (keys %C151)){
print "$ID-->$C151{$ID}\n";}
Mission Statement of IUSB“Indiana University South Bend is the comprehensive
undergraduate and graduate regional campus of Indiana University that is committed to serving north central Indiana and southwestern Michigan. Its mission is to create, disseminate, preserve, and apply knowledge. The campus is committed to excellence in teaching, learning, research, and creative activity; to strong liberal arts and sciences programs and professional disciplines; to acclaimed programs in the arts and nursing/health professions; and to diversity, civic engagement, and a global perspective. IU South Bend supports student learning, access and success for a diverse residential and non-residential student body that includes under-represented and international students. The campus fosters student-faculty collaboration in research and learning. Committed to the economic development of its region and state, Indiana University South Bend meets the changing educational and research needs of the community and serves as a vibrant cultural resource.”
(http://www.chancellor.iusb.edu/missionstatement.shtml)
Task 4Analyze the Mission Statement of IUSB and
displayNumber of words (ignore case differences)Number of unique words (ignore case
differences)Count of each unique word in ascending
order of words (alphabetically)
Script for Task 4#!/usr/bin/perl$statement = “….” #replace …. With mission
statementprint "$statement\n";
$statement =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;@words = split(/\W+/, $statement);
# count the words, %wct is a hashtableforeach $word (@words){
$wct{$word} = $wct{$word} + 1; }
@unique_word = keys %wct;
Script for Task 4 (continued)$num_words = $#words + 1; # number of words$uni_words = $#unique_word + 1; # number of
unique words
print "The number of words is $num_words\n";print "The number of unique words is $uni_words\n";print "The occurrence of each words is listed below\
n";print "****************************************\n";
foreach $word (sort (keys %wct)){
print "$word\t$wct{$word}\n";}
In Previous ScriptKeys are sorted alphabetically in ascending
order, which is same as:
foreach $word (sort {$a cmp $b} (keys %wct)){
print "$word\t$wct{$word}\n";}In descending order of words:
foreach $word (sort {$b cmp $a} (keys %wct)){
print "$word\t$wct{$word}\n";}
How to Sort Hash by Valuesforeach $word (sort {$wct{$a} <=>
$wct{$b}} (keys %wct)){
print "$word\t$wct{$word}\n";}
Note: Switch a and b to change sorting order from ascending to descending
Task 5Analyze the Mission Statement of IUSB and
displayNumber of words (ignore case differences)Number of unique words (ignore case differences)Count of each unique words in ascending order of
counts
Script for Task 5#!/usr/bin/perl$statement = “….” #replace …. With mission
statementprint "$statement\n";
$statement =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;@words = split(/\W+/, $statement);
# count the words, %wct is a hashtableforeach $word (@words){
$wct{$word} = $wct{$word} + 1; }
@unique_word = keys %wct;
Script for Task 5 (continued)$num_words = $#words + 1; # number of words$uni_words = $#unique_word + 1; # number of
unique words
print "The number of words is $num_words\n";print "The number of unique words is $uni_words\n";print "The occurrence of each words is listed below\n";print "****************************************\n";
foreach $word (sort {$wct{$a} <=>$wxt{$b}} (keys %wct))
{print "$word\t$wct{$word}\n";
}
How about in Descending Order of Count?
Change the sort function:foreach $word (sort {$wct{$b}
<=>$wxt{$a}} (keys %wct)){
print "$word\t$wct{$word}\n";}
Reading AssignmentChapter 11