1 Pearl BuildingGuide for consultantsVersion 1 November 2010Introduction to EstidamaFour pillars of estidamaestidamaenvironmental economicculturalsocialEstidama, which means sustainability in Arabic, is the initiative which will transform Abu Dhabi into a model of sustainable urbanization. Its aim is to create more sustainable communities, cities and global enterprises and to balance the four pillars of Estidama: environmental, economic, cultural and social.The aspirations of Estidama are incorporated into Plan 2030 and other Urban Planning Council (UPC) policies such as the Development Code. Estidama began two years ago and is the frst program of its kind that is tailored to the Middle East region. In the immediate term, Estidama is focused on the rapidly changing built environment. It is in this area that the UPC is making signifcant strides to infuence projects under design, development or construction within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.The Pearl Rating System for Estidama is one of the key tools for driving and determining sustainable development. The completion of the Pearl Rating System for Communities, Buildings and Villas marks a critical step in the progression of Estidama by providing a suite of tools that will be the basis for sustainable development from master plan to plot.4Introduction to Estidamathe pearl rating system for estidamaThe Pearl Rating System for Estidama aims to address the sustainability of a given development throughout its lifecycle from design through construction to operation. The System provides detailed requirements for rating a buildings potential performance in relation to the four pillars of Estidama.The Pearl Rating System is organized into seven categories that are fundamental to more sustainable development. Integrated Development Process: Encouraging cross-disciplinary teamwork to deliver environmentally sustainable solutions for the built environment. Natural Systems: Conserving, preserving and restoring criticalnatural environments and habitats.Livable Buildings: Ensuring quality of outdoor and indoor spaces.Precious Water: Reducing water demand and encouraging alternative water sources. Resourceful Energy: Promoting energy conservation through passive design measures, energy effciency and renewable sources.Stewarding Materials: Reducing the impact of building materials extraction, manufacturing, transportation and disposal.Innovating Practice: Encouraging innovation and cultural expression in building design and construction to facilitate market and industry transformation. estidama for buildingsAs of September, 2010, all new buildings in Abu Dhabi will have to achieve a minimum 1 Pearl Rating. This means that design teams will have to demonstrate that each of the required credits of the Pearl Building Rating System will be achieved. These required credits are as follows:IPD-R1: Integrated Development StrategyIDP-R2: Tenant Fit-Out Design & Construction GuideIDP-R3: Basic CommisioningNS-R1: Natural Systems AssessmentNS-R2: Natural Systems ProtectionNS-R3: Natural Systems Design & Management StrategyLBo-R1: Plan 2030LBo-R2: Urban Systems AssessmentLBo-R3: Outdoor Thermal Comfort StrategyLBi-R1: Healthy Ventilation DeliveryLBi-R2: Smoking ControlLBi-R3: Legionella PreventionPW-R1: Minimum Interior Water Use ReductionPW-R2: Exterior Water MonitoringRE-R1: Minimum Energy PerformanceRE-R2: Energy Monitoring & ReportingRE-R3: Ozone Impacts of Refrigerants & Fire Suppression SystemsSM-R1: Hazardous Materials EliminationSM-R2: Basic Construction Waste ManagementSM-R3: Basic Operational Waste ManagementIn addition to the 20 required credits, the Rating System includes 66 optional credits. By pursuing these credits, building development teams can elect to pursue a voluntary rating as high as Five Pearls. Government-funded buildings are required to achieve a minimum 2 Pearl Rating. The detailed requirements of the required and optional credits are listed in the Pearl Building Rating System, available for download at www.estidama.org. The Pearl Building Rating System applies to all non residential buildings and multi residential buildings of more than three stories above grade.5How to use this guideENGINEERCONTRACTORARCHITECTOWNERThis 1 Pearl Building Guide is intended to complement the Pearl Building Rating System, which is the primary reference document for Estidama compliance. This document provides guidance to a project team for achieving the required credits. Key features of the document organization are highlighted below.The members of the project team responsible for requirementsdiscussed on the page are highlighted on the right.P - Pearl Qualifed ProfessionalE - EngineerC - ContractorA - ArchitectO - OwnerX - Commissioning AgentS - Other SpecialistPEARL QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALCOMMISSIONING AGENTOTHER SPECIALIST67The Manual8Related Credits: IDP-R1: Integrated Development ProcessBefore beginning the design and development process, the team should be organized in a way that integrates the contribution of different trades and specialities. This coordination, called an Integrated Development Process (IDP) in the Pearl Rating System, is simply a framework to support the development of holistic, creative, and effcient design solutions. The Pearl Rating System requires an IDP to extend throughout the project life cycle from inception to design, construction and commissioning. ApproachAn IDP can be the foundation of a successful project team, bringing out the best input of each member. In particular, once the project team has been assembled, it facilitates the development process by: Defning a Sustainability Framework with a clear vision and objectives and specifc indicators and targets to monitor ongoing performance. By establishing goals early and holding themselves accountable to these, the project team can meet ambitious goals more effciently and avoid any incidental slippage in project performance. Enabling true Collaboration within the project team. By discussing project goals early on and meeting face-to-face as a single group, the project team will be able to coordinate work smoothly and make decisions more rapidly. This is especially valuable as new members join the development team. Ensuring Continuity between work packages or project stages can be achieved through effective communication and contractual arrangement. Promoting System Thinking when developing strategies and solutions. By considering the synergistic solutions, the project team can deliver a high performing building more creatively, and without expensive technological add ons. As the project team organizes its schedule, an IDP framework should be incorporated into the development process. This framework can be broken down into four steps, which are detailed on the following pages.ProcessSystem Thinking1 2 3 4assemble integrateddevelopmentteamestablish initial vision,objectives and targetsdevelop animplementationstrategy forcontinuityhold regular design workshops for collaboration1.0 Organise team + work9The Integrated Development Process (IDP) aims to foster creativity and coordination in the project design and development. Therefore, an IDP should involve all members of project team, especially the client/owner or fnancial decision maker.A building project team in its simplest form will comprise of an Owner, an Architect, an Engineer, a Contractor, and a Commissioning Agent. Typically the Contractor will be responsible for all subcontractors. Specialists may also be brought onboard to undertake specialized work in areas such as, landscape architecture, interior design, ecology or energy modelling.A Pearl Qualifed Professional (PQP) is required to integrate the collective inputs of all team members, facilitate the rating process and provide quality assurance to submissions.1.1 Assemble integrated development teamThe project team should consider several points as it organizes its work:Each member of the team should become familiar with Estidama and the One-Pearl requirements under the Building Rating System. This is available on the Estidama website (www.estidama.org).The IDP process should be coordinated by a member of the design team who is qualifed as a PQP. It is not necessary that this person be a dedicated sustainability consultant. He or she could be any member of the design team. More information about becoming a PQP is available at www.estidama.org. Every member of the project team should contribute to the design. In order to develop more integrative ideas, team members should consider themselves collaborators in the design, even before the Architectputs pen to paper. Although the Contractor is typically involved later in the process, they should be involved as early as possible.Owner Architect Contractor EngineerComissioning AgentPearlQualiedProfessionalBuilding DesignLandscape DesignMEP EngineeringStructural EngineeringConstructonOperatons & MaintenanceX XXXXXXX XXXSkillsRoleXXXXXXXXXOrganisestructural designeffcient designsbuilding systems modellinglocation visiontargetsbudgetoperationsvisionpassive designslayoutecologycoordinationsystem thinkingperformance assessmentinnovationbuilding operationsmaintenance requirementssupplierscostconstructabilityEngineerOwner ContractorCommissioning AgentPearl Qualifed ProfessionalArchitect123Example 1.1aExample 1.1b: Team structure101.2 Establish initial vision + objectives + targets The most important aspect of an IDP is a shared vision and targets established to achieve it. These targets should be developed early in the design process and be aligned with the minimum 1 Pearl requirements. The development team will beneft substantially by understanding and targeting the required credits early in the process.Develop a vision for the building project. This should be a general, aspirational target that will give coherence to the design process.Establish objectives for achieving the vision. These should be more specifc goals.Establish specifc and measurable targets for achieving the objectives and vision. These will form a framework for the design process.

Develop solutions for reaching the targets. Identifying practical, cost effective, integrated solutions will be the outcome of the design and development process.Example 1.2 Narrative summarizing vision, objectives, targets (partial)VisionObjectivesTargets (credits)SolutionsTheoffcebuildingwillbeamodernhigh-tech workspace that will avoid wasteful resource useProvide sensors and controls to reduce unnecessary lightingReduce lighting loads per square meter 20% below a typical offce building(RE-R1 Minimum Energy Performance)Architect: Strategic window placement and shadingEngineer:Automaticdaylight-dimmingoflights occupancysensorsandautomaticshut-offwhen rooms are unoccupied 123411After a kick-off workshop and establishing the vision, objectives, and targets, it is important to continue holding multidisciplinary design workshops to foster creativity and collaboration. Workshops help ensure everyone is aware of important decisions throughout the development process. Schedule regular multidisciplinary workshops at the outset of project planning. These should include the following topics, at minimum: site and ecology orientation and climatic response energy, water waste management indoor comfort sustainable materials specifcations. Additional workshops can also be scheduled on an as-needed basis.Document the occurrence of meetings through submission of meeting minutes.1.3 Plan & hold regular design workshops1st Workshop Meet|ng M|nutes Date19/10/2010 Attendants Mr. Client representative 1Mr. Client representative 2Mr. PQP professional 1 Mr. Architect 1 Mr. Architect 2 Mr. Electrical Engineer 1 Mr. Mechanical Engineer 1 Mr. Specialised Consultant 1 Mr. Specialised Consultant 2 SubjectF|rst des|gn workshop These minutes reflect the 1st design team meeting held at the client's offices in Abu Dhabi on the 19th October 2010.Item 1. Introduct|on Each project team member was introduced. The project site and location were described. None Item 2. Integrated deve|opment process The design team agreed on the roles and responsibilities of each team member and the vision, objectives and targets were discussed as required by lDP-R1. Mr. Client representative 1 and Mr. Architect 1 agreed the design timescales would be fixed as follows: First workshop on XXXX Successive workshops on the same date each month Application for building completion on XXX Design rating submission on XXXX Completion rating submission on XXXX Each team member to attend the all required meetings. Item 3. Natura| system assessment The design team agreed that a suitable qualified environmental professional will have to be contracted to carry out the Natural System Assessment for the site as required by credit NS-R1. Example 1.3b: Process chartExample 1.3a: Workshop documentationOrganisePre-Planning Design Construction Submissions121.4 Develop an implementation strategyA strategy for implementing the sustainability goals of a building should be developed to ensure that sustainability targets established during design are met during construction and occupancy. This can be assisted through the selection of suitable design team members at project inception to fulfll the Clients requirements. Engage all members of the development team early in the process, including the contractor and commissioning agent (who will verify the performance of building systems). If possible, the contractor should be involved in the whole IDP process. Ensure that the specifcation documents contain the sustainability targets and solutions established during the IDP workshops. The requirements are to clearly stated as being mandatory and where alternative solutions provided these must meet or exceed the original intent to achieve compliance with all the mandatory Estidama credits.Ensure that the future developers and tenants will receive a ft-out design & construction guide. This will provide instructions on how to address sustainable design and construction in the tenant space.implementation between project stages:SpecifcationsCommissioningFit-Out GuideDesignConstructionOccupancy13At the start of the design process, the project team should fnd ways to understand and optimize the relationship between the project site and its surroundings. A thorough understanding of the sites natural and urban contextwill help inform an optimal site layout. This understanding will also support many design objectives, including: improved outdoor thermal comfort; energy use reduction; water conservation; andecological enhancement.Natural systems, such as existing habitat and topography, and urban systems, such as nearby community facilities, can be examined in separate assessments or together. Ultimately all site information should be integrated to identify opportunities and constraints associated with building on a particular site. The project team should ensure that they adhere to the vision set out in Plan 2030. Any signifcant or valuable natural systems identifed in the natural systems analysis should be adequately protected. If protection is not possible and a strong rationale is given for development, the adverse impacts of development on natural systems must be mitigated or compensated. A Natural Systems Design and 2.0 Understand site contextUseful resources:UPC Plant Information Database and UPC Coastal Development Guidelines (www.upc.gov.ae) Geographical information database for UAE(http://geoportal.abudhabi.ae)Google Map/Earth EnergyPlus Weather Data(http:// apps1.eere.energy.gov)Interpretation Manual of Major Terrestrial Natural and Semi-natural habitat types of Abu Dhabi Emirate, Gary Brown and Benno Boer, Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency, September 2004.Terrestrial Environment of Abu Dhabi Emirate, Environment Agency Abu Dhabi, 2008(www.ead.ae)Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey a technique for environmental audit, JNCC, 2007(www.jncc.gov.uk)Environment Agency(http://www.ead.ae)Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN,(www.iucn.org)Wild Flowering Plants of UAE, Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency, 2002Birds of Abu Dhabi - Checklist , Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency, July 2001Vascular Plants of Abu Dhabi Emirate, Gary Brown and Sabitha Sakkir, August 2004Regulation and Supervision Bureau (RSB)(www.rsb.gov.ae)Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA)(www.adwea.com/en/index.html)Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Company (ADWEC)(www.adwec.ae)Abu Dhabi Distribution Company (ADDC)(www.addc.ae)Al Ain Distribution Company (AADC)(www.aadc.ae)Abu Dhabi National Energy Company (TAQA)(www.taqa.ae/en/uae.html)Abu Dhabi Transmission and Dispatch Company (TRANSCO)(www.transco.ae)STEP 3Design OutdoorSpacesSTEP 1Assess, Protect and Manage Natural Systems+Assess Urban Systems+Understand Plan 2030 regulatory frameworkSTEP 2Identify Opportunities & Constraints Management Strategy must be prepared to ensure the long term survival and management of the landscape and habitat areas. The project team will then be able to move on to the next step in the process: planning the site layout.Context142.1 Consider plan Abu Dhabi 2030 Related Credit: LBo-R1: Plan 2030From the beginning of the design process through to construction, the project team should design, procure, and make decisions based on the principles set out in Plan Abu Dhabi Vision documents developed by Abu Dhabis Urban Planning Council. The Urban Planning Council was established by Emiri decree in 2007 to introduce a planning culture and new strong guiding principles for future developments. The Vision documents represent sound foundations for development in the emirate and is an essential part of the planning process. Adherence to Plan Abu Dhabi 2030 is included as part of Estidama, but is also required as part of the Development Review process by the UPC and therefore is an integral part of the planning process. To satisfy the requirements of Estidama, Designers and Project Team members must consider one of three documents that relate to the location of their project: Abu Dhabi City - Plan Abu Dhabi 2030 Al Ain - Plan Al Ain 2030 Al Gharbia - Plan Al Gharbia 2030 (not yet published) All documents are found here: (http://www.upc.gov.ae/) Plan Abu Dhabi 2030Plan Abu Dhabi 2030 is the cornerstone document defning the future of development in the Capital City. All new developments are required to comply with the vision of Plan Abu Dhabi 2030. Project teams should be familiar with the document in its entirety and adhere to its principles. The adjacent diagram illustrates the major topics in the document and how they come together. Plan Al Ain 2030Plan Al Ain 2030 is the central planning document for Al Ain. As an ancient oasis crossroads Al Ain represents cool respite and a rich cultural heritage for Emiratis. Al Ain is a special place and its development must refect this; Plan Al Ain 2030 sets the scene for future development that respects history and culture while encouraging sustainable growth. The diagram below illustrates the major topics covered in Plan Al Ain 2030 and how they come together. Western RegionPlan Al Gharbia 2030 is the central planning document for Al Gharbia. It is designed to aid in moving Al Gharbia toward the future with managed, responsible growth.Respect for the environment, social health, cultural identity, and economic development all share equal status and provide the opportunity to leverage economic growth without sacrifcing the cultural and historic signifcance of the region.Understand the Plan FoundationsAnalyze the Economics Consider the Urban Structure Framework Plans Consider Overall Patterns Zoom in on the Project LocationEstablish the Building BlocksConsider the Policy PLAN ABU DHABI /AL-AIN/ AL-GHABIA VISION 2030zoom back out...152.2 Assess natural systems Related Credit: NS-R1: Natural Systems AssessmentAt the beginning of the design process - and before site clearance takes place, undertake an assessment of the natural systems in the context of the project site: the area of probable impact surrounding the project site; sub-regional scale; and regional scale. The assessment can be a combination of desk top studies and feld surveys. As a minimum, a feld survey, including a Phase I Habitat survey, or similar, must be completed for the project site itself. A desk top study or similar would suffce for the area of probable impact, sub-regional and regional analyses.The natural system assessment should cover:Topography, geology and soil conditionsTopography, geology and soil conditions are important for understanding key view points, how building foundations should be constructed, how different areas will accommodate landscaping and how the site will drain both rainwater and irrigation.Hydrology and groundwaterGroundwater is a precious environmental resource. Groundwater conditions and any groundwater abstraction, hydrological conditions of the site should be identifed to determine the drainage strategy and susceptibility of groundwater to pollution/contamination.Waste & contaminationAny contamination on site by petrol, refuse, or other chemicals and materials that could be harmful to human health or the environment should be identifed to determine the need for remediation.If previously unreported contamination is found or suspected, the site developers should contact the relevant environmental agency to determine further testing and remediation requirements.Coastal conditionsThe coastal environment requires careful management as highlighted in the 2030 Plan. Many coastal areas contain mangroves that are an important symbol for the city. Waterfront developments should consider a potential rise in sea level+ and adapt designs accordingly.Archaeological featuresAppropriate desk studies and consultations with relevant government bodies such as Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage (ADACH) should be carried out to determine the potential for archaeological features to be found on site. During the feld survey any notable features should be recorded. Undisturbed High GroundMature Tree PlantingLow-Lying PondsAncient CliffIn fll SabkhaCemetery Building and ConstructionPrevailing WindSun PathExample 2.2a: Site plan showing natural systemsContext16Although sparsely vegetated, the proposed site includes two notable ecological assets, depictedin photos: a spiny-tailed lizard burrow and several ghaf trees. The existing ghaf trees, as a native species, are valuable for both habitat and landscaping. They are pre-established, non-invasive and, as a drought-resistant, salt-tolerant species, will require less irrigation than other species. The soil of most of the plot has been found to be sandy up to a depth of 35 cm with a more rocky substrate underneath. In the northwestern portion of the parcel, soil contains more sandy load, in part in relation to the presence of the trees. The site-wide masterplan included an inspection of the site for potential contamination. As a previously unutilized location, no contamination has been Example 2.2b: Narrative Extractsidentifed or suspected on this proposed site. The microclimate generally corresponds to Abu Dhabi averages with some particularities, as follows: High midday sun with marginal overshadowing from adjacent developments to the south. High levels of solar radiation year-round Exposed on north and south sides, Warmer southern winds prevailing during day Cooler NW winds in mornings & E winds at night Site allows for optimized building orientation Existing trees on site provide shaded zones Adjacent properties can break-up wind regime and introduce turbulenceMicroclimateLocal site microclimate, including winds and shaded areas, should be evaluated to identify passive design features that can be incorporated into the design to improve thermal comfort. Abu Dhabis characteristic sun angles, diurnal temperature swings, and relative humidity should be considered. An east-west building orientation generally maximizes the opportunity for shading control. Flora & fauna, priority species, habitats and ecosystemsThough most proposed sites in Abu Dhabi will contain limited habitat, areas that contain priority habitats such as mangrove, sea grasses etc are particularly important to protect and preserve. Attention should be paid to identify signifcant assets and valuable assets.Signifcant assets in Abu Dhabi include intertidal mudfats, mangroves, vegetated sandy beaches, marine (seagrass, coral), wadis, sand sheets and low dunes, interdunal plains and high dunes, alluvial plains and jebels, or any other sensitve habitats identifed. Signifcant assets also includes protected species determined to be critically endangered, vulnerable, threatened, near threatened or sensitive.Valuable assets are features of ecological value, including healthy native trees or shrubs.In addition, the assessment should consider the wider region, identifying any internationally, nationally or locally protected areas and species. Refer to the Plant Information Database on the UPC website for species identifcation information. The following items should be included in the Natural Systems Assessment Report: Narrative (describing all the natural systems on the site, the area of probable impact surrounding the project site, sub-regional and regional scale) Maps (highlighting different natural systems and areas to be protected, enhanced and allocated for habitat creation/ restoration) Site PhotographsMaps and site photographs must clearly identify the extent of different habitats and other natural features. The assessment must be carried out by a suitably qualifed environmental professional trained to complete such analysis and assessment.17Ghaf tree Spiny-tailed lizard burrow Example 2.2e: Site plan showing protected features Example 2.2c: Site photographsUndisturbed High GroundMature Tree PlantingLow-Lying PondsAncient CliffIn fll SabkhaCemetery Building and ConstructionUndisturbed High GroundMature Tree PlantingLow-Lying PondsAncient CliffIn fll SabkhaCemetery Building and ConstructionSpiney-Tailed Lizard BurrowsProtected Al Ghaf TreeExample 2.2d: UPC Plant Information DatabaseContext182.3 Protect natural systems Related Credit: NS-R2: Natural Systems ProtectionAfter evaluating the natural assets of the site, design teams must build around existing natural assets and offset any disruption caused by development.Where signifcant and valuable assets are present, a Natural Systems Protection, Mitigation and/or Compensation Strategy with supporting studies must be prepared by a suitably qualifed ecological specialist.The ecological features of the site can either be protected or disturbance can be mitigated. Three strategies to do this are identifed in the Pearl Rating System. These are summarised in Table 2.3:If the Natural Systems Assessment clearly documents that the site has no signifcant or valuable natural assets, the site does not need protection or mitigation. Other credits will be achieved under the PBRS if the project provides landscaping that consists of native species and uses minimal water.All signifcant natural assets associated with a protected area, national park, a coastal park, ecological hotspot, or a coastal conservation zone, must be protected, and 80% of valuable assets protected.If part of the projects natural systems strategy included mitigation or compensation, at least 70% of signifcant assets and 50% of valuable assets must be protected. If mitigation occurs on-site, new habitat areas must equal the area of the lost assets. If on-site mitigation is impractical and off-site compensation must be pursued, the new habitat area must be twice the area of assets lost.Strategy Signifcant assets to be protected on site (% of signifcant assets)Valuable assets to be protected on site (% of valuable assets)Maximum reclaimed land (% of land area)Max impact affecting the coastal edge (% of coastal edge)Mitigate/ Compensate lost habitat at an area replacement ratio of:Other requirement / comment1 - Protection 100% 80% 25% 20% N/A Retain and protect from damage and destruction suffcient to maintain the features existing structure and function2 - Onsite Mitigation (UPC approval required)70% 50% 25% 20% 2:1 Provide an ecological corridor between site and mitigated area.Confrmation of the appointment of a management and maintenance organization (min 5 year contract).3 - Offsite Compensation (UPC approval required)70% 50% 25% 20% 2:1 Compensation site in Emirate of Abu Dhabi, a degraded area and located outside Plan 2030 area.Confrmation of the appointment of a management and maintenance organization (min 5 year contract). Table 2.319During the design of outdoor areas, project teams should lay out buildings, roads, and public spaces on site to protect and celebrate the presence of on site ecological features. These features could form a theme for site-wide landscaping strategies. The natural systems strategy should outline any activities that may cause damage to sensitive areas during the operation and construction phases of the development. It should identify measures that have been designed into the scheme and those that will be implemented during the operation to protect these areas / species, for example, limited access to mangrove areas and boardwalks provided for pedestrians to minimise damage to mangrove roots. The protection strategy should include measures such as:Design protection measuresEnsuring that work compounds, access tracks etc are not located in or adjacent to sensitive habitatsEstablish temporary fencing around protected areas to restrict access Undertake any works near protected areas in a manner so as to safeguard their integrityUndertake works considering any critical seasons for protected speciesSome of these measures could be included in the Construction Environmental Management Plan if prepared as part of IDP-3.The Mitigation Strategy report should identify the areas to be protected and measures adopted to ensure their protection, as outlined in the Protection Strategy Report. It should identify the mitigation areas and justifcation for the appropriateness for mitigation including:Area calculationsIdentifcation of appropriate plant nurseriesContinuous monitoring of success or failure of young plantsManagement techniques to encourage establishment. This should be adapted following any failures.The Compensation Strategy report should demonstrate options considered for off site compensation and the selection criteria for the proposed compensation site. The report should include measures to ensure fora establishment as outlined in the mitigation strategy and protection measures as outlined in the protection strategy. Consideration should be given to the habitat lost on the proposed site and the potential to provide enhanced habitat of a similar type to the habitat lost. The author of this report should be a qualifed ecologist who has experience in habitat establishment for those particular habitats, for example, mangrove specialist. Context202.4 Manage natural systems Related Credit: NS-R3: Natural Systems Design & Management StrategyA Natural Systems Design and Management Strategy is required to ensure the long-term survival and prosperity of ecological assets. The strategy must cover all landscaped areas and include the management of any on or off-site protected, mitigated or compensated natural asset areas. The strategy should promote soil protection and enhancement, low maintenance requirements and low demand for resources.The team should consider using only native species, and landscapes that do not require wasteful use of irrigation when developing the landscaping strategy and Natural Systems Design and Management Strategy. This will be rewarded with additional points under options PBRS credits. The Management Strategy should identify the seasons during which each activity will be carried out.Soil protectionPlant selection should suit existing soils onsite. Where soil enhancement is required this should be tailored to the existing soil type. Where soils is brought on site, this should be protected from erosion, pollution and increases in salinity. Paths should be provided to avoid pedestrian compaction of soil. Irrigation should consider the topography of the site and soil erosion.Low maintenance requirementsLandscaping should be a combination of hard and soft landscaping, and should minimise the application of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Landscaping should promote low maintenance requirements. Low demand for resourcesPlant selection should refect the microclimate conditions of the area. Water effcient irrigation systems such as drip irrigation should be adopted to minimise water consumption. Example 2.4: Landscaping images212.5 Assess urban systems Related Credit: LBo-R2: Urban Systems AssessmentAn urban systems assessment details the urban context around the project site, the type of neighbourhood the building will exist within, and how accessible and integrated the building will be. The analysis should be carried out at the start of the project, before site clearance, to inform project programming, neighbourhood connectivity and built form.The end-product of this analysis is the Urban Systems Assessment Report, and should include a narrative, maps, and site photos. Site plans or diagrams should be provided at the Local, Subregional, and Regional scales.The content of the plans provided should be tailored to the scale of the plan, i.e. local, sub-regional or regional. Where facilities are to be provided in the future, this should be indicated.Plans provided should document the following at a minimum:Community facilities Public interest areas, such as public beaches, cultural or heritage landmarks Street patterns Public transit facilities, bicycle and pedestrian paths Utility plots and corridors, such as electricity, gas, potable water and wastewater Land uses, such as retail centres, food provision areas, and areas of food productionResidential zones, centres of employment, and education facilities Solar orientation and shading patterns from surrounding buildings should be shown at the local level. 1234567Utility corridorBike PathPedestrian PathTransit StopExisting BuildingsUtility Building8Retail CentreExample 2.5a: Plan showing local urban systemsContext22Major Road CorridorMajor Utility CorridorCommunity FacilityCultural LandmarkTransit StopPark AreaResidential AreaExisting BuildingsPublic Beach(A regional scale assessment will describe larger features such as natural areas, etc.)Example 2.5b: Plan showing sub-regional urban systems232.6 Identify opportunities + constraints Related Credits:NS-R1: Natural Systems AssessmentContextual opportunities and constraints are important to identify to allow the development to take advantage of special site features and address site challenges effectively. Information obtained in the Natural Systems Assessment and in the Urban Systems Assessment informs the formation of a complete opportunities and constraints analysis. An example study is shown to the right, illustrating how Opportunities and constraints can be used to inform the design of a site.The opportunities and constraints of the proposed site will determine the areas that can be developed, the most appropriate type of development and issues that will need to be addressed during the design, for example, contamination and remediation strategies.Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) should be prepared to guide the design of the development based on the results of the opportunities and constraints analysis. The KPIs should be measurable targets and cover soil, fora, fauna, microclimate, topography, drainage, targets set to mitigate identifed constraints and areas of site to be protected, maintained, created or restored.Examples include: Percentage increase of protected species / priority habitats on site through habitat enhancement Percentage of reuse of soils on siteViewsPedestrian LinkInfrastructureMain Traffic RouteLocal Traffic Route Prevailing WindSun PathExample 2.6: Plan showing opportunities + constraintsContextSpiney Tailed LizardBurrowsProtected Ghaf Trees243.0 Design outdoor spacesThe impact of a building can be reduced signifcantly by decisions made early in the design process. The relative location of other buildings, windows, and outdoor areas ditectly impacts on the amount of energy, water and materials required to keep a building comfortable.The buildings orientation and massing has to be planned in relation to its urban and natural environment. Building should be designed to reduce internal heat gains and harness daylight so that their energy demand will be reduced. This can be achieved by using materials in the buildings envelope that comply with the minimum U values specifed in credit RE-R1 and also by careful selection the glazing elements in the facade. When selecting building materials, the requirements of credit SM-R1 that forbids the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated timber and asbestos containing materials (ACM).Buildings can also contribute to improve pedestrian comfort by providing external shading and shielding pedestrians from prevailing hot winds hence contributing to the requirements specifed in credit LBo-R3. Local weather data sets are available to analyse how the building elements will perform Related Credits NS-R1: Natural Systems Assessment & Protection LBo-R3: Outdoor Thermal Comfort Strategy RE-R1: Minimum Energy Performance SM-R1: Hazardous Materials Elimination SM-R3: Storage & Collection of Waste & Recyclables LBi-R2: Smoking Controland the effect the building will have in its surroundings.The buildings plot landscape should be designed to protect and link natural habitat around it. The building should also be adequately linked to the adjacent streets to facilitate pedestrian and vehicle movements. In particular, credit SM-R3 requires to provide access to waste collection vehicles.Finally, the design of the building outdoor spaces should meet credit LBi-R2 requirements to designate smoke free zones around sensitive areas of the building but also to allocate dedicated external smoking areas.Useful resources:Abu Dhabi weather data from EnergyPlus (http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus)25Harmonious integration with surroundings & pedestrian environmentsCool breezes can reduce heat build up in external areas as well as freshen the air in externally accessible areas. Hot winds cause unpleasant and uncomfortable conditions building up heat in external areas, increasing heat load on the building and increasing pedestrian thermal discomfort.Understand local wind climate, identifying orientation, timing and temperature of prevailing winds. Consider position, form and orientation of nearby buildings to understand wind movement and how the external environment is affected.Use building form and position to best use cool breezes. This will help to reduce build-up of hot or stagnant areas at pedestrian level.Use building form to shelter pedestrian areas from hot or high speed winds. Consider the use of external building features as well as building form and massing to minimize adverse impacts from wind on the public realm. Features to be considered include, but are not limited to:shading devices, e.g. brise-soleil, mashrabiya, etc.overhangsbreaks in facade continuity podiumsopenings permeable featuresPotential adverse impacts include downwash, corner accelerations and local wind direction changes amongst other effects.3.1 Building layoutThe layout of the buildings on the plot has many implications later in the design process, especially with regard to energy performance and external shading. The design team should carefully consider the following:Optimize natural light but minimise solar gains Utilize external shading devices to reduce solar gain, whilst maintaining external views. For example by providing horizontal shading on South orientation and vertical shading on East and West orientations.Use shadows cast by surrounding buildings to provide shade and reduce solar gains.Place windows in shaded areas, recessed into the wall, or facing North to provide light to indoor spaces.Use roofights sparingly as these signifcantly increase solar heat gains. Consider using sunpipes or solar-tubes instead.112345623Consider the need for mitigation of adverse wind conditions within the public realm. Potential mitigation strategies include, but are not limited to: canopies wind screensshelter belts deployable structures4OutdoorRelated Credits: LBo-R3: Outdoor Thermal Comfort Strategy RE-R1: Minimum Energy Performance26The building orientation in relation to local winds and sunpath as well as the infuence of surrounding buildings and other landscape elements should be considered to provide an adequate outdoor space that improves the buildings exterior microclimate and achieves adequate pedestrian comfort.In particular for shading, it is required to check that the shading percentage required by credit LBo-R3 is achieved on the equinox (21st of March) and the summer solstice (June 21st ) at 1.00pm over the following elements:Exterior Surface Parking with more than 10 spaces, including parking on exposed roof car parksPublic Open Spaces, including privately owned Pedestrian walkways Cycle tracksPlaygroundsThe checks can be done using sun altitude and azimuth data (For Abu Dhabi, the summer solstice alt = 81.4, azi =-94.6 and for the spring equinox alt = 64.2, azi = -161.6) or an appropriate software such as 3D CAD software, e.g. Ecotect, or free 3D tools, such as Sketch up.Shading can be provided by mature trees or by structures, such as canopies. If structural elements are used, their outer surfaces must have a minimum Solar Refectance Index (SRI) of 29. The SRI is a measure of the roofs ability to refect solar heat, and the higher it is, the better the surface is a refecting heat. High SRI can be achieved with light or refective materials and/or fnishes, e.g. some concretes, light aluminum cladding.The guidelines in the UPC Urban Street Design manual can be used for designing the outdoor spaces around the building. The manual can be downloaded from http://www.upc.gov.ae/guidelines/urban-street-design-manual.aspx.3.2 Outdoor thermal comfortThe following example shows different strategies of how the required levels of shading can be achieved using adequate building layouts, natural elements or some additional construction elements.Example 3.2aUse trees to provide shading to pathwayBuilding orientation will provide shade to required areasProvide external overhangsRelated Credits: LBo-R3: Outdoor Thermal Comfort Strategy27Example 3.2b: Outdoor shading plan BUILDINGBUILDING BLOCKSPARKPARKINGPLAZAPLAYGROUNDCANOPYCANOPYCANOPYOutdoor283.3 External waste and recycling storageThe central waste and recycling storage room is typically located in the buildings ground foor or basement and should be easily accessible from street level by collection vehicles. It is typically air conditioned, enclosed and located near loading docks or bays and has doors at least 1.8 m wide to facilitate material movement and pick up as shown in examples 3.3a and 3.3b. The room must be sized to allow for the storage and movement of waste containers.To reduce the volume of waste and recyclables, and associated space requirements, compactors or balers are typically used. Particular attention has to be paid to turning radii of collection vehicles and vertical and horizontal clearances required for vehicle manoeuvring. Vehicle reversing should be avoided if possible. When compactors are deployed in basements, a minimum local clearance of typically 5.5 m is required as shown in example 3.3c. Additional footprint allowance for storing binsAdditional movement allowance for transporting binsLocal height clearance of typically 5.5mStorage room located near loading bays/docksDouble set of doors. Minimum width of 1.8mCollection route from building to waste room and loading bays/docksExample 3.3aExample 3.3bExample 3.3cRelated Credits SM-R3:Basic Operational Waste Management 293.4 External building materialsAs the building and plot areas take shape, it is important that the appropriate materials are selected for external structures and facade. There are several requirements to consider when specifying these materials.U- valuesThe materials that comprise the structure and facade of the building will form its thermal envelopethe main barrier to external heat and solar energy.Keeping the occupied space cool and comfortable is an easier task with a high performance envelope. The U-value is a measure of how much heat passes through a given material (i.e. how much insulation the material provides). The project team should specify and build the building envelope to achieve the lowest possible U values and in any case achieve the minimum U-value requirements outlined in RE-R1 which are defned by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007, Section 5.For the UAE the relevant climate zone is zone 1.The following practices can be used to achieve the required values:Provide insulation between the earth and concrete foor slab to reduce heat from the ground warming the rooms.Insulate above the roof slab and apply an external fnish in a light color to refect solar heat.Include suffcient insulation in the building walls.In addition to the basic U-value heat transfer reduction the following factors can also beneft the energy and internal environment:Thermal massPlace concrete elements adjacent to the occupied spaces, to buffer thermal energy and provide a cool surface feel for the occupant.Vapor barrierProvide a barrier to restrict ingress of moisture through the building walls, foor and roof. This is a critical protective consideration given the high humidity in the coastal area of the UAE.Exterior Surface fnishesUse light colors to refect sunlight and reduce absorption of solar energy. This will reduce heat build up and gain through the walls and roof.Glazing designGlazing design is important for overall building energy usage, because windows bring light and heat into occupied spaces. Credit RE-R1 details the requirements for both windows insulation, e.g. U values, and radiative heat gain, e.g. solar heat gain coeffcient (SHGC). The U value requirements will generally require double glazing coatings while the SHGC requirements can be achieved with tinted glass or refective factory applied coatings. These factors can be specifed to the glazing manufacturers; a wide range of suitable, compliant products are available within the UAE.OutdoorRelated Credits: RE-R1: Minimum Energy Performance SM-R1: Hazardous Materials Elimination303.5 Smoke free zones & dedicated external smoking areasThere are several requirements that need to be fulflled to comply with LBi-R2 Smoking Control which include:Establish smoke free zones around sensitive areas of the building;Provide dedicated external smoking areas with associated facilities; andTrain security staff to enforce smoking policy.Smoke Free ZonesThe design team must frst identify the locations of entrances, openable windows and air intakes of the project building, but also of any adjacent existing building that may be similarly affected. Each of these areas will require protection by establishing smoke free zones within which people must not be allowed to smoke at any time.Care should be taken to accommodate the horizontal width of each item, for example an air intake, as this can be substantial and will determine the extent of the smoke free zone. Example 3.6 is an example of how project teams should establish the extent of smoke free zones by plotting loci (shown in red) to the extent required by the Pearl Building Rating System. These plans or fgures can be used to communicate the extent of the smoke free zone when training security staff.Dedicated External Smoking Areas After plotting the smoke free zones, the design team can look to establish suitable locations for dedicated external smoking areas. Care must be taken not to encroach upon the air intakes, entrances or openings associated with any adjacent building. Where space is constrained, typically in a dense urban setting, sharing smoking zones with adjacent buildings can be considered. All dedicated external smoking areas must have appropriate and suitable facilities for collecting ash and cigarette ends. Consider the nature of the location when deciding upon whether to install free standing or secure wall mounted devices to meet this requirement. For example, locations at grade near to unrestricted high pedestrian traffc public right of ways should consider wall mounted devices whereas campus type facilities with restricted public access can install free standing devices. In any event the external smoking area must not be located directly within public or high use pedestrian thoroughfares.Posters (for example wall, board or bench mounted) or other suitable media, such as through leafet stands must also be provided listing the negative health impacts of smoking and provide details on where to seek assistance for those aiming to stop smoking.ResidentialPeople who own or rent apartments within a residential building can smoke within their apartments, therefore dedicated external smoking areas may not always be needed. Where such facilities are to be included, design teams must follow the guidance detailed above.Example 3.5: Smoke free and smoking zonesBUILDINGMain EntranceRear EntranceOpenable WindowOpenable WindowAir IntakeSmoking ZoneRelated Credits: LBo-R3: Outdoor Thermal Comfort Strategy31It is also important to ensure that selected materials do not contain hazardous components excluded by credit SM-R1. The design team should be aware of these requirements while designing exterior spaces. The prohibition of hazardous materials should also be written into theproject specifcation documents during the design stage and followed by the contractor during the construction stage.Specify that materials, including walls, insulation, and interior materials, will not contain asbestos and that all asbestos containing materials have been removed from refurbished buildings.Specify that wood materials exposed to the outside and within human reach such as shading structures, playgrounds, and decking will not be treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). 12Example 3.6a: Extract from specifcationsIn compliance with the Pearl Building Rating System for Estidama, credit SM-R1 Hazardous Materials Elimination, the following materials shall not be used:1. Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM)2. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated timber, where timber is used for external structures subject to frequent and intimate contact. These materials include, but are not limited to, shading devices, playground equipment and handrails3.6 Hazardous materialsOutdoorRelated Credits: SM-R1: Hazardous Materials Elimination32No Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) is used and no Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) treated timber is used on external structuresRefective (SRI>29) overhangs to provide additional shading to walkwaysShaded entrance not aligned with prevailing hot winds for pedestrian comfortUse of external building materials that achieve required U-values provide thermal mass, provide vapour barrier, and have light colour fnishesGlazing that maximises daylight whilst minimizing heat gainsDedicated external smoking area away from air intakes and openingsVehicular access on secondary roadWaste storage at ground level provides enough space for vehicle manoeuveringExample 3.6b: Summary of outdoor strategies33SubmissionThere are many factors to consider when planning the layout of spaces inside a building.These factors relate to: energy consumption visual and thermal comfort ventilation daylight materials emissionsSome factors may confict with others, for example, a space designed for excellent day lighting may be detrimental to energy consumption as a result of poor facade decisions. Occupant comfort is an important consideration, this includes understanding visual and thermal comfort and as well as ensuring suffcient fresh air provision. The project team should also look to reduce the source of material emissions through low VOC products. It is important, therefore, to develop a project with the right blend of carefully considered solutions.ApproachThe layout and position of internal spaces within the building to suit daylight and ventilation have to be considered at this stage as per credit RE-R1. It is also necessary to specify glazing correctly to ensure optimal trade-off between light ingress and solar transmission. This design should be done bearing in mind credit LBi-R1, which requires that all spaces must be ventilated according to the requirements of the ASHRAE 62.1 2007, or local code, whichever is more stringent. The consideration of ventilation strategy is an important factor for both RE-R1 and LBi-R1 credits as they are both affected by natural and mechanical ventilation system performance.As in previous steps, materials forbidden by credit SM-R1 (asbestos and chromated copper arsenate treated wood) should not be specifed for indoor spaces. All decisions affecting the design of the building indoor spaces must be part of the Integrated Development Strategy.useful resources:ASHRAE Standard 55-2004. Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy International Mechanical Code 2009, International Code Council(http://publicecodes.citation.com/icod/imc/2009/index.htm)ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air QualityCentre of Waste Management, Abu Dhabi. (www.cwm.ae)Cabinet Resolution No. 39 of 2006 Concerning Prohibiting Import, Production and Utilization of Asbestos Boards Related Credits: SM-R1: Hazardous Materials Elimination SM-R3: Basic Operational Waste Management LBi-R1: Healthy Ventilation Delivery LBi-R2: Smoking Control RE-R1: Minimum Energy Performance4.0 Design indoor spacesCredit LBi-R2 requires residential units or apartments to be appropriately sealed to eliminate or minimize exposure of building occupants to the harmful effects of tobacco smoke from neighbouring apartments. This should be done with adequate seals and weather-stripping.Indoor34An observational survey of the building site and its immediate surroundings shall be conducted to determine site air quality conditions and local contaminants from the surrounding environment. The outdoor air quality investigation shall be documented and reviewed with building owners or their representative.All exhausts shall discharge outside the defned public realm or as defned by local code, whichever is more stringent in order to maintain air quality. Discharging above a public realm space can be achieved if vertical separation is provided, which typically would be a minimum of one storey above the public realm space.Minimum fresh air rates to ensure good air quality (for breathing and removing air contaminants) shall comply with the minimum thresholds set out in ASHRAE 62.1:2007 using the ventilation rate procedure or local code, whichever is more stringent.The shortest distances between outdoor air intakes (including doors and windows required as part of a natural ventilation system) and any exhausts or discharge points should comply with ASHRAE 62.1.2007 or local code whichever is more stringent. This will avoid cross contamination and provide good air quality.Refer to example 4.1 Ventilation Strategy for a graphical representation of a typical building with associated minimum air intake seperation distances.4.1 Ventilation strategyExample 4.1min. 5mmin. 5mmin. 7.5mmin. 5mmin. 5mmin. 7.5mmin. 5mVent chimneys from combustion appliances and equipment Cooling tower exhaustCooling tower intakeGarage entry Automobile loading areaGarbage storage + pick-up areaThorough fare with high traffc volumePublic realmCar park exhaustRelated Credits: RE-R1: Minimum Energy Performance LBi-R1: Healthy Ventilation Delivery 354.2 Smoking ControlSmoking within a building is only permitted for occupants within residential units, or apartments. No smoking is permitted within any and all common areas of the building including car parks.To comply with the requirements, each residential unit must be sealed with impermeable deck to deck partitions along the whole perimeter of the unit (walls) and vertically between units (ceilings and foors). All penetrations within these walls, including those for wiring, pipework, ductwork, switches, electrical outlets, recessed fxtures and risers must be fully and appropriately sealed. Examples of sealing processes include caulking or spray foam application. Whilst the designer should identify suitable materials for sealing gaps, contractors must ensure that the sealing of gaps is carried out adequately.All doors leading from a residential unit to a common area, such as a corridor, or between residential units must be weather-stripped. To achieve effective weather-stripping, the architect must design and the contractor must ensure that gaps around doors are not so large that weather stripping cannot provide an adequate seal.Related Credits: LBi-R2: Smoking ControlIndoor364.3 Internal waste and recycling storageWaste and recyclables generated by activities undertaken in a building is known as operational waste. The amount of this material generated depends on the building use, (e.g. offce, residential) and should be managed profciently. This can be achieved by following the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle principle to minimise economic costs and environmental impacts.A building-level management strategy for waste and recyclables should be created by the design team and implemented by the facilities management team to achieve the minimum requirements of the Pearl Building Rating System. The strategy must:Estimate the quantities anticipated using the building waste calculator tool available from the Estidama web site.Review the existing and planned materials collection and treatment infrastructure for the building location by contacting, the Centre of Waste Management (www.cwm.ae)Document the intended waste collection company or companies and the recycling or disposal facilitiesProvide enough space to segregate waste into: Green container for recyclable plastics, glass and metals; Blue container for recyclable paper and cardboard; Black container for non recyclable and non compostable waste; and An optional container may be provided for compostable organic waste (if there is suitable treatment available)Where the above recycling measures meet the mandatory requirements for landfll and incineration diversion, the remainder residual waste can be allocated to landfll and incineration. Describe the logistics of materials movement within the building to ensure the residents maximum carrying distance is less than 30 m and is optimised for every building user.Describe how waste and recyclables will be collected by external collection vehicles for transportation to adequate treatment or disposal facilities.Waste and recyclables generated in the building should be stored on each building foor before being taken to a central storage facility for the whole building. From there it will be collected for transport to the appropriate treatment or disposal facility. The foor transfer rooms should be clearly indicated, well ventilated, easy to clean and located near service lifts or waste chutes, in common areas of the buildings but separated from them. Each room should be sized according to:Expected generation on each foor. This can be worked out by apportioning the total building waste and recyclables generation to each foor area.Container type. Typically these have capacities of 120 to 240 litres; Collection frequency to the central storage room. This will be defned by the buildings facilities manager and it is typically daily or even more often.1234Example 4.3: Depictions of storage room connection Waste and recyclables storage area (internal connection)Waste and recyclables storage area (externalconnection)56123Related Credits SM-R3: Basic Operational Waste Management 37The lighting, shading and ventilation strategies established early in the design process will reduce the requirements for building systems. Careful detailing of systems to provide cool, comfortable and effcient performing indoor spaces can further reduce the buildings environmental impact.5.0 Design building systemsApproachFor credit LBi-R1, the building must comply with ventilation requirements set out in ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, or local code, whichever is more stringent.EnergyThe design of the building HVAC and lighting systems is driven by the requirements outlined in ASHRAE Standard 90.1- 2007. Compliance with RE-R1 is achieved by a 12% improvement in Proposed Design Energy Performance when compared with the Baseline Design Energy Performance. This improvement is demonstrated through dynamic simulation modelling to simulate energy performance as outlined by the Performance Rating Methodology in Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1-2007. Credit RE-R2 requires energy submetering, whereby installed meters are to be clearly labeled and provided in easily accessible locations. They must measure, as a minimum, 90% of the estimated annual energy consumptions of each fuel type (electricity, gas, etc) for all energy end use categories, in both Landlord and Tenant areas. Metering is also required for all onsite energy generating systems and large plant items. WaterEffcient water fxtures and metering are covered by credits PW-R1 and PW-R2. Estidama requires specifc fows rates for water fxtures, fttings, and appliances. As with energy meters, water meters must be easily accessible and clearly labeled, to sub-meter the buildings external water use. These must have a pulsed output and be capable of remote monitoring.Related Credits LBi-R1: Healthy Ventilation Delivery LBi-R3: Legionella Prevention PW-R1: Minimum Interior Water Use Reduction PW-R2: Water Monitoring RE-R1: Minimum Energy Performance RE-R2: Energy Monitoring & Reporting RE-R3: Ozone Impacts of Refrigerants & Fire Suppression Systems SM-R3: Basic operational waste management strategyMaterials and WasteSM-R3 requires waste generated in the building to be stored on each building foor before being taken to a central waste storage for the whole building from where it will be collected to the appropriate treatment or disposal facility. Credit IDP-R1 requires decisions regarding the design of MEP and waste to be agreed on in integrated development workshops. Credit RE-R3 specifes that only refrigerants and fre suppression systems with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero can be used for any purpose onsite. useful resourcesASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals 2009.ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 2007: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low- Rise Residential Buildings.UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE of Abu Dhabi Emirate 2009, Environment Agency Abu Dhabi.Systems38Air conditioning and mechanical ventilationAlthough the cooling requirements of a building will be reduced by minimizing heat gain through windows and other external surfaces, energy must also be used to condition spaces in Abu Dhabis climate. Effcient system performance is therefore a critical factor in achieving reductions in energy usage.For most buildings the performance of the air-conditioning system is based upon:The effciency of energy conversion from electricity to cooling, typically provided by localized units, central chillers or district cooling The effectiveness of the fans providing air to the spaces, both fresh and recirculated air The selection of appropriate sensors and controls for various system elements in different zones The response of the system to variation in thermal loads and occupant requirements The inclusion of energy recovery, performance modulation and other effciency measures. There are requirements for all aspects of systemperformance outlined by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. However in order to achieve the target performance required by credit RE-R1 it will be necessary to demonstrate improvement beyond the levels defned in Standard 90.1-2007.LightingGood lighting design can reduce energy usage internally and externally. Internal lighting energy is restricted on a basis of power used per unit area. Power allowance is based on the building type or the space type classifcation as outlined in Standard 90.1-2007. Example performance for the building type classifcation is shown in table 5.1.5.1 Energy systemRenewablesThe use of onsite renewable energy sources to contribute towards the building load is encouraged. Renewable technologies should be designed to integrate with proposed building design, HVAC systems and lighting.In addition to reducing the energy consumed by lighting systems, good use of controls and sensors can increase energy savings and reduce the cooling load required. Examples of lighting controls include: Occupancy sensors Daylight sensors Dimmable controls Programmable time controlsExternal lighting is also restricted on the basis of power use, either per unit area or per linear meter as defned by Standard 90.1-2007 for various functions. Furthermore external lighting should be controlled to ensure that it is not operational during daylight hours, which will reduce energy wastage.Table 5.1Related Credits: RE-R1: Minimum Energy Performance LBi-R1: Healthy Ventilation Delivery 39Metering facilities should be provide to allow the energy performance of the building to be recorded. This monitoring will provide an understanding of the use in energy within the building as well as providing scope for future improvements. RE-R2: Energy Monitoring & Reporting has the following requirements:All meters provided are to be clearly labeled and easily accessible90% of estimated annual energy consumption of each fuel type to be monitored. For offce, retail and multi-residential buildings, the equipment and systems described in Table 5.2a should be submetered Separate meters to be provided for plant exceeding the loads shown in Table 5.2b Written commitment from building owner to supply all energy monitoring data if requested by EstidamaCapability to provide hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and annual energy consumption for each end-use and compare consumption for the different time frames Landlord and Tenant areas to be separately metered as well as any on site energy generating systems. All metering requirements are to be documented within the tenant guidelines as part of IDP-R2 Tenant Fit-Out Design & Construction Guide.For Tenant spaces, the following metering categories are to be followed: Non-Residential: tenant area metering requirements for offce; Residential (spaces used primarily for living and/or sleeping): tenant area metering requirements for multi-residential. Schools are assumed to be solely landlord controlled and therefore there are no additional requirements for tenant areas.5.2 Energy metering12345Guidance GIL 65: Metering Energy Use in New Non-Domestic BuildingsCIBSE TM39 2009: Building Energy MeteringTable 5.1 Table 5.2aTable 5.2bSystemsRelated Credits: RE-R2: Energy Monitoring & Reporting40RefrigerantMany of the refrigerants currently used in air conditioning systems cause damage to the ozone layer. The ozone layer protects the earths surface from damaging radiation. This environmental impact can be reduced by the appropriate selection of refrigerants and fre suppression systems with a zero ozone depletion potential (ODP).RE-R3 requires that refrigerants and gaseous fre suppression systems installed within the plot have a zero ozone depletion potential.This would require avoiding refrigerants such as HCFC-22, which even though will not be banned until 2015 within the UAE, it is required that it is not used due to it still having an ODP. Refrigerants with an ODP of zero are required such as HFC-134a.5.3 RefrigerantTable 5.3Related Credits: RE-R3: Ozone Impacts of Refrigerants & Fire 41Optimize interior water consumption Interior water consumption within a building is attributed to fxtures and appliances such as taps, toilets, washing machines etc. Large water savings can be made by using low fow fxtures and high effciency appliances.PW-R1 sets a minimum standard for fxture fow rates and appliance effciencies. These fow rates are as follows:To comply with PW-R1, a project must demonstrate that the proposed buildings interior potable water consumption is less than or equal to the baseline building interior potable water consumption based on the fow rates detailed within the adjacent table. This must be demonstrated by utilizing the PBRS Water Calculator v1.1 available from www.estidama.org.The calculator allows the project to trade between fow rates so that the effciency of certain fxtures/appliances may be relaxed only if others are improved. This ensures that the overall proposed building interior potable water consumption is less than or equal to the baseline.The next few pages contain snapshots of the PBRS Water Calculator v1.1. This will help the design team select appropriate fxtures and demonstrate compliance with the Estidama requirements. 5.4 Water fxturesFixture/Appliance Unit RateKitchen Taps liters/minute 6.0BathroomWashbasin Tapsliters/minute 6.0Toilets Dual Flush liters/fush 6.0/4.0Bidets liters/minute 6.0Shower Head liters/minute 9.5Ablution Fixtures liters/minute 6.0Dishwashers liters/place setting 1.3Washing Machines liters/kg of dry load8.5Table 5.4SystemsRelated Credits: PW-R1: Minimum Interior Water Use Reduction42Example 5.4: Building water calculator outputFill in detailed information on the water fxture uses in the building and compare them with the baselineFill in detailed information on the different building uses such as offce, residential, etc.Step 5is the same as step 4 but with non-residential and residential building types not included by default in the calculatorFill in internal water usage.Fill in external water usage43Summary of the different elements of the water balanceFill in detailed information on the building plot irrigation, water features, etc. and compare them with the baselineFill in detailed information on heat rejection equipmentFill in information on the summed total of all external water features and swimming poolsSystems44Summary of compliance with required credits and number of points awarded in optional creditsGraphical summary of water demand for different building usesSummary of water demand for different building usesNumerical summary of water demand for different building usesGraphical summary of water balance. Ideally building waste water should balance with exterior demands.45Water meteringPW-R2 requires easily accessible and clearly labelled water meters to be provided and capable of monitoring all exterior water consumption. The following must be seperately sub-metered where present: Irrigation Systems Heat Rejection Swimming Pools Water FeaturesThe meters are also required to have data logging capability and be connected to a central monitoring system so that the exterior water consumption may be recorded. This, and a better understanding of both interior and exterior water use will help determine areas of high water consumption, identify leaks quickly, and pursue opportunities to save water.Example 5.5: Diagram of water monitoring5.5 Water meteringSystemsRelated Credits: PW-R2: Water Monitoring465.6 LegionellaLegionnaires disease is a potentially fatal form of pneumonia which principally affects those who are susceptible due to age, illness, immunosuppression, smoking etc.HSE Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) L8: Legionnaires Disease The Control of Legionella Bacteria in Water Systems applies to plant and water systems which may present a particular risk potential by releasing a spray or aerosol during operation or when being maintained.Relevant water based systems include but are not limited to: Water systems incorporating a cooling tower or an evaporative condenser. Hot and cold water systems. Other plant and systems containing water which is likely to exceed 20C and which may release a spray or aerosol during operation OR during maintenance. Humidifers. Air washers. Spa baths and Pools. Car / bus washes. Wet scrubbers. Fountains and Water features (Indoor and Outdoor). Sprinkler and hose reel systems. Roles and responsibilitiesThe design engineers should support the Client in developing guidance including design and operational intent. HSE ACoP L8 requires the owner to appoint an operations manager who should ensure that all responsibilities are clearly defned and formally allocated. The owner is also responsible to ensure that control procedures are carried out to the standard required to prevent the growth of legionella bacteria.Related Credits: LBi-R3: Legionella Prevention 47Legionella Management PlanAt all stages adequate measures should be implemented to minimise the risk of contamination. A Legionella Management Plan must be developed at the outset of the project and should address the following:1. Identify and assess the risk in the design and operation of the building to assess the level of risk associated with water systems. If the risks are insignifcant, no further action needs be taken, other than periodical reassessment in case anything changes in the system.2. Manage the risk: management responsibilities, training and competence. If a risk is identifed, proper controls must be introduced and documented within the Legionella Management Plan. Risks can be controlled by careful planning, management policy, competent staff and adherence to proper control strategies.3. Prevent or control the risk from exposure to legionella bacteria. Consideration should be given to: Ensure that the release of water spray is properly controlled. Keep the system and the water in it clean. Avoid conditions that favour the growth oflegionella and other micro-organisms, waterstagnation and materials encouraging growth. Treat water to either kill legionella (and othermicro-organisms), limit their ability to grow orbiocidal treatment if applicable Continually monitor all water where sources oflegionella could occur. Easy access for inspection, draining, dismantlingand cleaning to all systems.4. Record keeping of maintenance and documentation. Records need to be kept of the scheme and who is responsible for managing that scheme, these should also be kept with the results of the routine monitoring.5.Ensure that information from manufacturers, importers, suppliers and installers provide guidance and include risks to users.Systems4849SubmissionEstidama design submission at building permit applicationIDP-R1: Integrated Development StrategyTeam structure listing team members and their rolesNarrative summarizing initial vision, objectives and targets set jointly by the project teamProcess chart for the IDP developed at project inception, listing design milestones and planned workshopsMethodology for ensuring appropriate stakeholders are involved, including construction team, commissioning agent, potential tenants, building operators and relevant regulatory authorities and permit agencies Meeting minutes, action items and team member responsibilities from key workshops held as part of the IDPImplementation strategy for achieving transition between project stages and project packagesIDP-R3: Basic CommissioningCV of Commissioning Agent Contract with the Commissioning AgentCommissioning Plan clearly indicating commissioning requirements for the project, including: Owners Project Requirements and Basis of Design narrativeNS-R1 Natural Systems AssessmentNatural Systems Assessment Report including: Narrative, Maps, Site photographs that must clearly identify the extent of different habitats and/or other signifcant natural system featuresReview of the site against Environmental Policy Statements included in Plan 2030 CV of appointed suitably qualifed environmental professionalSubmission50NS-R2 Natural Systems ProtectionSupporting calculations, summarizing total site area, protection area and/or mitigation area/compensation area in hectaresConstruction strategy to protect sensitive habitats and protected species from construction impactsDetails of the appointed suitably qualifed ecological consultants professional status, if different to the consultant details provided in NS-R1Strategy 1: Protection Strategy Report which identifes the potential risks to the Natural Systems assets from development and inform setback requirements, including:Narrative and maps which detail the boundaries of the assets Extent of habitats and species to be protected Limits of development, buffer areas and setbacks (Works areas must be clearly identifed on an aerial photograph of existing conditions) Any features of ecological value to be lost Strategy 2: Mitigation Strategy Report which details the reasons for requiring mitigation for loss of habitat and includes:Narrative and maps of the area of natural system assets to remain protected The area and value of habitat to be lost to development The area allocated for re-establishment Limits of development, buffer areas and setbacks (Works areas must be clearly identifed on an aerial photograph of existing conditions) A strategy for habitat re-establishment, including source of plant stock and establishment of soil base Five year strategy for on-going management and monitoring following completion of construction, including confrmation of management organization Strategy 3: Compensation Strategy Report which details the reasons for requiring compensation for loss of habitat and includes:Narrative and maps of the area of natural system asset to remain protected; The area and value of habitat to be lost to development; Limits of development, buffer areas and setbacks (Works areas must be clearly identifed on an aerial photograph of existing conditions); Details on the compensation area allocated for re-establishment, including site location and confrmation of approval to establish habitat; Estidama design submission at building permit application51Strategy for habitat re-establishment, including source of plant stock and establishment of soil base; and Five year strategy for on-going management and monitoring following completion of construction, including confrmation of management organization.NS-R3 Natural Systems Design and Management StrategyNatural Systems Design and Management Strategy that includes:Plans and drawings illustrating layout and design of landscaped and habitat areas Details of soft and hard landscaped areas Details and justifcation of plant selection (ensuring that only native and adaptive drought and saline tolerant species are specifed for habitat areas) Details of soil strategy for testing, protection, enhancement and maintenance Irrigation strategy Details of landscape maintenance procedures including fertilizer, herbicide and pesticide application Details of specifc establishment, maintenance and protection requirements for sensitive areas Details of monitoring requirements Details of the appointed suitably qualifed environmental consultants professional status, if different to the consultant details provided in NS-R1LBo-R1 Plan 2030 A letter from the UPC confrming that the proposed development is:Located within an established Urban Growth BoundaryDid not require signifcant variance or special relief from Plan 2030, Development Code and/or Area Plan for approvalLBo-R2 Urban Systems AssessmentCV of the appointed suitably qualifed professionalSubmissionEstidama design submission at building permit applicationSubmission52Urban Systems Assessment report including:Urban System Assessment report including narrative, maps and site photographs that must clearly identify the existing site conditionsLBo-R3 Outdoor Thermal Comfort StrategyPlan and tabulated results showing achievement of % of shading of applicable spaces at 1:00pm clock time on the Equinox and Summer SolsticeExtracts from specifcations relating to the SRI of all cover elementsOutdoor Thermal Comfort Strategy report highlighting all measures contributing to improving the buildings exterior microclimate including:Narrative and drawings of the public realm spaces and priority shade areasLBi-R1 Healthy Ventilation DeliveryDocumentation of an observational study of local air quality including photographs of surrounding sources of pollutant emissions Mechanical system drawings marked-up to clearly show distances between air intake points and exhaust air or other discharge points and the distances from the air exhaust points to any defned public realm areas Narrative describing how the mechanical design system meets the Credit Requirements, including description of mechanical ventilation systemSpreadsheet calculations of fresh air ventilation rates based on the ventilation rate procedure for all zonesLBi-R2 Smoking ControlWritten commitment from the building owner/developer that there will be a no smoking policy operated within the building (or common areas for residential buildings or additionally for school grounds) by inclusion in Contracts of Sale and Lease/Rent Agreements that smoking will be banned by future owners and tenantsExtracts from specifcations and/or drawings indicating the locations of posted signage stating that the entire building is a no smoking environment and detailing the negative health impacts of smoking installed in all dedicated external smoking areasDrawings indicating the location of dedicated outside smoking areas and facilities for collecting ash and cigarette ends which clearly indicate their distance from entrances, operable windows and air intakesFor residential units, provide specifcations for weather-stripping of doors and drawings that highlight impermeable deck to deck partitioningEstidama design submission at building permit application53LBi-R3 Legionella PreventionNarrative and drawings of the air conditioning systems regardless of whether water-based cooling towers are present or not. The Narrative must explain the approach to Legionella Management, or confrm no water-based systems are presentNarrative and drawings of the projects other water-based systemsLegionella Management Plan for the treatment of Legionella in the projects water-based systemsPW-R1 Minimum Interior Water Use ReductionBuilding Water Calculator confrming that the buildings predicted interior potable water consumption will be no greater than the baseline building interior potable water consumption using effciency measures onlyBrief narrative describing all proposed water conservation strategiesExtracts from specifcations for all proposed fxtures and fttings indicating fow rates and fow regulation systemsPW-R2 Exterior Water MonitoringBrief narrative describing how the requirements of the credit will be achievedExtracts from specifcations and MEP drawings clearly indicating the type, extent and locations of all metering, and central monitoring systemList of all exterior uses and corresponding metering equipmentRE-R1 Minimum Energy PerformanceEnergy Model Template summarizing the dynamic energy simulation, confrming that the minimum requirements of this credit will be achieved RE-R2 Energy MonitoringBrief narrative describing how the requirements of the credit will be achievedEnergy system schematics illustrating the proposed metering strategy confrming that the required level of metering will be achievedExtracts from specifcations and MEP layout design drawings clearly indicating the type, extent and locations of all metering, and the central monitoring systemEstidama design submission at building permit applicationSubmission54RE-R3 Ozone Impacts of Refrigerants & Fire Suppression Systems: Brief narrative describing how the project meets the credit requirementsSpecifcation extracts for all proposed refrigerants and gaseous fre suppression systems confrming ODP of each refrigerant and gas is zero SM-R1 Hazardous Materials EliminationExtracts from specifcations indicating that no ACMs or CCA-treated timber are to be used in the project as per the Credit RequirementsWhere portions of the project are reused from an existing building:Results of a hazardous materials survey documenting the existence, if any, of ACMs in the building. It is recommended to follow internationally recognized standards such as ASTM E 256-04 Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys or similar standardsWhere ACMs were found, Asbestos removal and disposal planSM-R2 Basic Construction Waste ManagementCDWMP conforming to the Credit Requirements Schedule of items to be recycled/salvagedSM-R3 Basic Operational Waste ManagementOperational Waste Strategy that includes:A narrative summarizing options researched and selected to meet the diversion targets. The strategy must address waste minimization, storage, collection, and treatment and links to private or municipal and regional infrastructure and programsCalculations documenting projected waste quantities for the development during operation on an annual basis. Waste benchmarks may be obtained from the Centre of Waste Management, waste audits of similar buildings or literature research. References must be clearly listed Drawing(s) indicating location of the storage/disposal facilities and vehicle access areas designed to ensure adequate space for maneuvering delivery and waste removal vehiclesWaste transfer inventory outlining the intended receiver of waste. This should include information indicating that the carrier, recycling and disposal facilities are licensedEstidama design submission at building permit application55useful resources:Environment Agency of Abu Dhabi: Technical Guidance Document: Development of Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) Onshore.ISO 14000: 2004 Family of Standards on Environmental management systems.Cibse TM 31. Building log building toolkit.Once all the design has been completed, the process of constructing the building will start. This step covers the construction process from the potential demolition of existing structures to the completion of a new building.During this process, it will be necessary to maintain communication between the members of the design team, contractors, and developers, to ensure that the building is built to the correct design specifcations. This will be facilitated by the IDP process and the implementation strategy agreed at the beginning of the design process.ApproachEstidama credit SM-R2 requires that 30% of the demolition and construction waste be salvaged or recycled by weight. This means the contractor needs to prepare a construction and demolition waste management plan before demolition begins. This plan is to be supported by the Building Waste Calculator that is available from the Estidama website. During construction, documents will need to be collected by a designated responsible person from the contractor who will work with the PQP to confrm the target has been achieved. Similarly, compliance with credit RE-R1 requires that good quality materials performing according to design specifcations are used and that good construction practices are followed to ensure the fabric and system performance levels modeled are actually achieved.Credit SM-R1 requires guaranteeing that hazardous materials do not make their way into the project. There can be no asbestos or exposed wood treated with chromated copper arsentate.6.0 Build buildingRelated Credits: SM-R2: Basic Construction Waste Management RE-R1: Minimum Energy Performance Build56Before starting any demolition or construction, it is necessary to develop a construction and demolition (C&D) waste management plan. This should incorporate:Estimates of waste generation. The Building Waste Calculator will help to estimate the type and amount of waste expected for the project. This can be downloaded from the Estidama website.A destination for each waste type leaving the site. For example, specifythat aggregates will be transported to the municipal C&D recycling facility, or that ft-out leftovers will be disposed to landfll.Identifcation of materials to be salvaged or recycled. At least 30% of the estimated waste generation by weight has to be salvaged or recycled.A location for storing waste on-site during construction. This should be conveniently located near the area where construction materials are delivered and has to be large enough to allow for separating at least aggregates and other waste streams.An example of the above is shown here. These elements should be updated with information compiled during construction.On-site waste segregation areaExample 6.1a Schedule of items reclaimed/recycled 6.1 Construction waste management1234Total waste generated: 585 tonnesTotal wastelandfilled: 211 tonnes (36.1%)Total waste diverted: 374 tonnes (63.9%)LANDFILLED C&D WASTE CALCULATIONIN TONNESLandfill material description Landfill hauler or location Quantity of landfilledwasteGeneral waste March 2010 Al Dhafra Landfill 15General waste April 2010 Al Dhafra Landfill 31General waste May 2010 Al Dhafra Landfill 70General waste June 2010 Al Dhafra Landfill 65Pallets April 2010 Al Dhafra Landfill 10Pallets May 2010 Al Dhafra Landfill 5Pallets June 2010 Al Dhafra Landfill 15DIVERTED C&DWASTE CALCULATIONIN TONNESDiverted/recycledmaterial description Diversion/recyclinghauler or locationQuantity of diverted/ recycled wasteConcrete from demolition March 2010 Municipal C&D plant 150Concrete from demolition April 2010 Municipal C&D plant 200MetalMarch 2010 Local metal recycler 4Metal April2010 Local metal recycler 3Metal May 2010 Local m