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ON-ROAD AND NON-ROAD SOURCES

Melinda Ronca-Battista and Angelique Luedeker,

ITEP/TAMS Center

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HOMEWORK DISCUSSION

Discuss the answers to the QA/QC exercise

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ON-ROAD EMISSION SOURCES

Emissions from vehicles includeExhaustBrake and tire wearEvaporation

2 main classification categoriesBy vehicle typeBy road type

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VEHICLE TYPES

Vehicle types – GasolineLight duty gasoline vehicles (LDG Vs & Ts)

Passenger cars & trucksMotorcycles (MC)Heavy duty gasoline vehicles (HDGV 2b-

8b) Modifier based on gross vehicle weight rating

(gvwr) Trucks Busses

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VEHICLE TYPES (CONT.) Vehicle types – Diesel

Light duty diesel vehicles (LDDV - cars) Light duty diesel trucks (LDDT < 8500 lb gvwr) Heavy duty diesel trucks (HDDV 8500 to >60K lb

gvwr) School & public transportation busses

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ROAD TYPES

Road types – Rural & Urban Arterials

Interstates Other major highways Minor highways

Collectors On & off ramps

Locals

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EPA MOVES MODEL

Emission Factors (EFs): MOVESEPA model – (complex black box)

Factors in emission modeling Climate (Seasonal temp, humidity, elevation)

Type of road (braking & accelerating estimates)

Registration records (how old are the cars)

Fuel type (sulfur content, vapor pressure, MTBE)

Other

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ON-ROAD EMISSION FACTOR OPTIONS

Option 1 for tribesGet on-road mobile emission factors from state agencies

Difficult, many just use EPA estimates

Option 2 for tribesVehicle population on tribal land different than off tribal

land E.g.: Average vehicle age?

Get training on MOVES and run it!

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ON-ROAD EMISSIONS

Emissions based on total vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per road type per year

** Emission estimates for paved and non-paved road dust also rely on VMT calculations!

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ON-ROAD EMISSIONS (CONT.)

VMT exampleState Route 1 (SR1) is a 10-mile-long stretch

of rural highwayOn average, 100 cars travel road every dayTotal VMT for cars = 10 miles x 100

vehicles/day x 365 days/year =

365,000 vehicle miles/year

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ON-ROAD EMISSIONS (CONT.)

Emissions based on this estimate of VMT for cars on SR1Carbon monoxide (CO) EF for cars on rural

highways = 24.523 g/VMT (for this example)

Emissions estimate = 24.523 g/VMT x 365,000 VMT = 8,950,895 g of CO

8,950,895 g / 907184.74(g/ton) =

9.867 tons per year CO

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NON-ROAD MOBILE SOURCES Any moving, motor-driven thing

Tractors Construction equipment ATVs, off-road motorcycles, non-commercial boats

Doesn’t have to be a vehicle Lawn and garden equipment Generators Irrigation pumps

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EPA NONROAD MODEL

Emissions from these vehicles usually estimated using EPA’s NONROAD model Gives results only on state or county basis

Have to modify input files to run for reservation

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NON-ROAD EMISSION OPTIONS

ITEP worked with several tribes and EPA’s OAQPS to find best way for tribes to estimate emissions from non-road sources

Developed table of emission factors, based on NONROAD model results

Can do calculation on paper or in a spreadsheet, then enter results into TEISS

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WHAT DATA DO YOU NEED TO COLLECT? Vehicle Types*

Population operating on reservation* Average horsepower Average hours each vehicle operates per year

*Minimum information you must collect

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HOW TO DO THE CALCULATIONS?

Can you estimate annual hours of activity?

Get emission factors from ITEP for each

vehicle type of interest

EFpopulation x population = annual emissions

EFactivity x hours = annual emissions

OR

Hours of activity gives a better estimate!

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NON-ROAD EXAMPLE 1

Pollutant EF in tons/

Year/vehicle

Vehicles Annual emissions

SO2 0.000070 1,000 0.070 tons

PM 0.004086 1,000 4.086 tons

THC 0.104875 1,000 104.875 tons

NOx 0.000265 1,000 0.265 tons

Survey finds 1,000 2-stroke, off-road motorcycles on your reservation.

No information on how many hours/year each operates.

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NON-ROAD EXAMPLE 2

Pollutant EF in tons/

Year/hour

Hours of activity

Annual emissions

SO2 Very small 104,000 Very small

PM 0.000003 104,000 0.312 tons

THC 0.000066 104,000 6.86 tons

NOx 0.00000017 104,000 0.02 tons

Survey finds 1,000 2-stroke, off-road motorcycles on your reservation.

Each operates 104 hrs/year x 1,000 vehicles = 104,000 hrs.

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HOMEWORK DUE IN 5 DAYS: Complete the on-road exercise by filling in

the blanks in the tables in the spreadsheet. If comfortable with writing formulas, use the

spreadsheet to calculate VMTs and emissions. If not comfortable with writing formulas,

calculate VMTs and emissions with a calculator, then enter the values into the spreadsheet.

Fill out the non-road exercise. Note: EFs in exercises are only examples and

should not be used to calculate emissions in an actual EI.

Email the completed exercises to the instructors.