1

Objectives:Objectives:1. To recognize different plant structures

2. To understand different functions of plant structures

3. To learn the terminology used to identify plant structures

2

There is tremendous diversity in the plant

kingdom

Yet, flowering plants have certain

structures and functions in

commonlilly pad

vs.

cactus

3

What is yourfavorite plant?

4

How wouldyou describethat plant?

5

What termswould you use?

6

Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves, flowers and roots

Vegetative

Reproductive

7

Photosynthesis

Light is intercepted and plant sugars are manufactured

Large flattened surface for maximum absorption of light

energy

8

Vein

Midrib

Petiole

Stem

Stipule

9parallel

pinnate

palmate

10

11

bipinnate

pinnate

palmate

12

Broad Leaf

Needles

Scale-like

13

opposite

alternate

whorled

14

linear

lanceolate

ovate

15

cordate

obovate

16

entire

crenate

dentate

sinuate

serrate

lobed

17

FunctionsFunctions• Support leaves and buds,

branches and reproductive structures

• Conduits for transporting water, minerals and manufactured food

• Some are modified for storage

18

Two Basic Stem TypesTwo Basic Stem Types

Differ in arrangement of vascular tissue xylem and phloem

19

DicotDicot

cambium

phloem

xylem

20

MonocotMonocot

cambium

xylem

phloem

21

node

internode

22

StolonStolon Horizontal stem growing

on soil surface

(strawberry plant)

23

RhizomeRhizome

Grows horizontally at or just below soil surface

(iris)

24

TuberTuber

Enlarged portion of underground stem

(potato plant)

25

FunctionsFunctions• Anchor plant• Nutrient and water

absorption• Food storage• Two basic root

systems:

1. fibrous root

2. tap root

fibrous root

tap root

26

27

FunctionsFunctions

Reproduction

Attract pollinators

28

sepal

petal

filamentanther

stigma

style

ovary

pistilStamen

29

Perfect and Perfect and Complete FlowersComplete Flowers

• Complete – flower has stamens, pistil, petals and sepals

• Incomplete – one of these four parts is missing

• Perfect – flower has functional stamens and pistil

• Imperfect – stamens or pistil is absent

30

31solitary

raceme

spike

umbel

corymb

head

32

• Mature ovaryMature ovary• Seeds are ovulesSeeds are ovules• Ovary wall may be Ovary wall may be

fleshyfleshy• Example fruit typesExample fruit types

• pomepome• podpod

33

• Matured ovule• Parts

• seed coat – protective coating• embryo – miniature plant• endosperm – food storage organ

embryo area

endosperm

seed coat

34

Two cotyledons (seed leaves)Two cotyledons (seed leaves)

35

One cotyledon (seed leaf)

36

Name the following:

1. Name this venation.

2. Name this leaf attachment.

3. Name this leaf margin.

4. Name this inflorescence.

37

Acknowledgements:Acquaah, George. Horticulture: Principles and Practices.

New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.

Harris, James G. and Melinda Woolf. Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary. Utah: Spring Lake Publishing, 1994.

Northington, David K., Goodin, J.R. The Botanical World. Missouri: C.V. Mosby Company, 1984.

Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company, 1975.

Still, Steven M. Manual of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants. Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company, 1994.

38

Credits:Sandra Balch

Production Coordinator

Jennifer DonaldsonGraphics Editor

Geoff ScottProduction Manager

G.W. DavisExecutive Producer

, MMIVCEV Multimedia, Ltd.