1 novell netware protocol stack 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 media access protocols (ethernet, token ring, wan,...
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Novell NetWare Protocol Stack
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Media Access Protocols(Ethernet, Token Ring, WAN, others)
Physical
Data Link
Network
Session
Transport
Presentation
Application
Novell NetWare Protocols
OSIReference
Model
IPX(Internetwork Packet Exchange)
SPX
SAP
RIPNLSP
NETBIOS APPLICATIONSNCP
Key Novell NetWare Features
– Address is 80 bits (network.node)– Interface MAC address is part of logical
address– Multiple LAN encapsulations per
interface– Default routing protocol is IPX RIP– Novell services are advertised using
SAP – NetWare clients find servers with GNS
packets
Novell IPX Addressing
E0
E1
S0
48 bits (from MAC)
Network.Node
3f.0c56.de34
2c.0c56.de33
Network 4a1d
Network 3f
Network 2c
Up to 32 bits
Novell IPX Addressing
Cisco Encapsulation Types
Novell IPX Name Cisco IOS Name
Token-RingToken-Ring_SNAP
Ethernet
Token Ring
FDDIFDDI_SNAPFDDI_802.2FDDI_Raw
Ethernet_802.3
Ethernet_802.2
Ethernet_II
Ethernet_SNAP
Specify encapsulation when you configure IPX networks
novell-ethersaparpasnap
sapsnap
snapsapnovell-fddi
Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning
– Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3
EncapsulationNetwork Address
R3 Interface Name
S0 hdlcS1 hdlcE1 novell-ether
S0 hdlc
Network b001
E0 SAP
E1
S1
S1 hdlcS0
Network c0b0
Network d100 Network b1b0E0 novell-ether
R3
R4
E1
b1b0c0b0d100
R2
R1
Novell Uses IPX RIP for Routing
– Uses ticks (about 1/18 sec.) and hop count (maximum of 15 hops)
– RIP broadcasts routing information to neighbor routers every 60 seconds, by default
– SAP broadcasts NetWare services information to neighbor routers every 60 seconds, by default
RIP SAPTables
RIP SAPTables
RIP SAPTables
RIP SAPTables
DD CC BB AA
Novell IPX Global Configuration
ipx routing [ node ]Router(config)#
Enables Novell IPX routing
Router(config)# ipx maximum-paths paths
Configures round-robin load sharingover multiple equal metric paths
Default = 1
Router(config)# ipx routing [ node ]
Enables Novell IPX routing
Novell IPX Configuration Example
ipx routingipx maximum-paths 2
interface ethernet 0.1 ipx network 9e encapsulation novell-etherinterface ethernet 0.2 ipx network 6c encapsulation sap interface ethernet 1 ipx network 4a encapsulation sap
interface serial 0 ipx network 1
Interface serial 1 ipx network 3
A
Network 9e
Network 1E0
E1
S0S0
Network 4a
Network 6c
S1 S1
9e.0800.4313.df56 Encapsulation =novell-ether
4a.1234.0000.abcdEncapsulation = sap
6c.0800.1213.13de Encapsulation = sap
Network 3
B
C
Verifying IPX Operation
show ipx interface
show ipx route
show ipx servers
show ipx traffic
Monitoring Commands Troubleshooting Commands
debug ipx routing activity
debug ipx sap activity
ping ipx
Monitoring the Status of an IPX Interface
wg_ro_a#show ipx interface e0Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up IPX address is ABC.00e0.1e5d.ae2f, NOVELL-ETHER [up] Delay of this IPX network, in ticks is 1 throughput 0 link delay 0 IPXWAN processing not enabled on this interface. IPX SAP update interval is 60 seconds IPX type 20 propagation packet forwarding is disabled Incoming access list is not set Outgoing access list is not set IPX helper access list is not set SAP GNS processing enabled, delay 0 ms, output filter list is not set SAP Input filter list is not set SAP Output filter list is not set SAP Router filter list is not set Input filter list is not set Output filter list is not set Router filter list is not set Netbios Input host access list is not set Netbios Input bytes access list is not set Netbios Output host access list is not set Netbios Output bytes access list is not set Updates each 60 seconds aging multiples RIP: 3 SAP: 3 SAP interpacket delay is 55 ms, maximum size is 480 bytes <text omitted>
Monitoring IPX Routing Tables
wg_ro_a#show ipx routeCodes: C - Connected primary network, c - Connected secondary network S - Static, F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWAN R - RIP, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate s - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static
2 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed.
No default route known.
C ABC (NOVELL-ETHER), Et0R DEF [02/01] via ABC.00e0.1e5d.c860, 40s, Et0
Monitoring IPX Servers
wg_ro_a#show ipx serverCodes: S - Static, P - Periodic, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, H - Holddown, + = detailU - Per-user static2 Total IPX Servers
Table ordering is based on routing and server info
Type Name Net Address Port Route Hops Itfp 4 fs1 11.0000.0000.0001:0451 4/03 4 Et0p 4 fs2 21.0000.0000.0001:0451 4/03 4 Et0
Monitoring IPX Traffic
wg_ro_a#show ipx trafficSystem Traffic for 0.0000.0000.0001 System-Name: wg_ro_aRcvd: 15 total, 0 format errors, 0 checksum errors, 0 bad hop count, 0 packets pitched, 15 local destination, 0 multicastBcast: 13 received, 6 sentSent: 6 generated, 0 forwarded 0 encapsulation failed, 0 no routeSAP: 1 Total SAP requests, 0 Total SAP replies, 0 servers 1 SAP general requests, 0 ignored, 0 replies 0 SAP Get Nearest Server requests, 0 replies 0 SAP Nearest Name requests, 0 replies 0 SAP General Name requests, 0 replies 0 SAP advertisements received, 0 sent 0 SAP flash updates sent, 0 SAP format errorsRIP: 1 RIP requests, 0 ignored, 0 RIP replies, 2 routes 13 RIP advertisements received, 0 sent 0 RIP flash updates sent, 0 RIP format errorsEcho: Rcvd 0 requests, 0 replies Sent 0 requests, 0 replies 0 unknown: 0 no socket, 0 filtered, 0 no helper 0 SAPs throttled, freed NDB len 0Watchdog: 0 packets received, 0 replies spoofed<text omitted>
Troubleshooting IPX Routing
wg_ro_a#debug ipx routing activityIPX routing debugging is onIPXRIP: positing full update to 3010.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0 (broadcast)IPXRIP: positing full update to 3000.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet1 (broadcast)IPXRIP: positing full update to 3020.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial0 (broadcast)IPXRIP: positing full update to 3021.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial1 (broadcast)IPXRIP: sending update to 3020.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial0IPXRIP: src=3020.0000.0c03.14d8, dst=3020.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3021, hops 1, delay 6 network 3010, hops 1, delay 6 network 3000, hops 1, delay 6IPXRIP: sending update to 3021.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial1IPXRIP: src=3021.0000.0c03.14d8, dst=3021.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3020, hops 1, delay 6 network 3010, hops 1, delay 6 network 3000, hops 1, delay 6IPXRIP: sending update to 3010.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0IPXRIP: src=3010.aa00.0400.0284, dst=3010.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3030, hops 2, delay 7 network 3020, hops 1, delay 1 network 3021, hops 1, delay 1 network 3000, hops 1, delay 1IPXRIP: sending update to 3000.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet1
Troubleshooting IPX SAP
wg_ro_a#debug ipx sap activityIPX service debugging is onwg_ro_a#05:31:18: IPXSAP: positing update to 1111.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0 (broadcast) (full)05:31:18: IPXSAP: Update type 0x2 len 288 src:1111.00e0.1e5d.ae2f dest:1111.ffff.ffff.ffff(452)05:31:18: type 0x7, ”ps21", 21.0000.0000.0001(451), 2 hops05:31:18: type 0x4, "fs31", 31.0000.0000.0001(451), 2 hops05:31:18: type 0x4, "fs41", 41.0000.0000.0001(451), 2 hops05:31:18: type 0x7, "ps51", 51.0000.0000.0001(451), 2 hopswg_ro_a#
IPX Ping
wg_ro_a# ping ipx 211.0000.0c01.f4cf
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte IPXcisco Echoes to 211.0000.0c01.f4cf, timeout is 2 seconds.!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (0/5)
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ipx maximum-path 최대 6 까지 지정할수 있다 ipx maximum-path 최대 6 까지 지정할수 있다
8 장 문제 풀이
8 장 문제 풀이
8 장 문제 풀이
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