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ANDREI NICULESCU SANDA MARCOCI

(Coordonator)

CRISTINA CRIAN CLIN VLAD

The Language of BusinessAccounting Banking Finance

Workbook

Second Edition

Contribuia autorilor:

Andrei Niculescu: Units 2, 9, 11, 13, 15, A1

Sanda Marcoci: Units 4, 7, 10, 12, A2

Cristina Crian: Units 3, 5, 8


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Clin Vlad: Units 1, 6, 14

Editura FundaieiRomnia de Mine, 2007

Redactor: Andreea DINUTehnoredactor: Marilena BLANCoperta: Marilena BLAN

Bun de tipar: 14.11.2007; Coli tipar: 13,5

Format: 16/6186

Editura i Tipografia FundaieiRomnia de MineSplaiul Independenei nr.313, Bucureti, Sector 6, O.P. 16Tel./Fax: 316.97.90; www.spiruharet.roe-mail: [email protected]

UNIVERSITATEASPIRU HARET

Departamentul de Limbaje Specializate

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a RomnieiThe Language of Business/Accounting Banking Finance/Workbook/Second EditionAndrei Niculescu (coord.), Sanda Marcoci, Cristina Crian,Clin Vlad - Bucureti: Editura FundaieiRomnia de Mine, 2006.216 p., 20,5cm

Bibliogr.I.S.B.N. 978-973-163-019-9

I. Niculescu Andrei (coord.)

II. Crian CristinaIII. Marcoci SandaIV. Vlad Clin

811.111:336(075.33)


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ANDREI NICULESCU SANDA MARCOCI

(Coordonator)

CRISTINA CRIAN CLIN VLAD

The Language of BusinessAccounting Banking Finance

Workbook Second Edition

EDITURA FUNDAIEIROMNIA DE MINEBucureti, 2007


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5

CUPRINS

UNIT 1: MEETING AND GREETING PEOPLE ... 7UNIT 2: JOBS .. 16

UNIT 3: SOCIALISING IN BUSINESS 28

UNIT 4: HOBBIES AND INTERESTS .. 41

UNIT 5: OBTAINING INFORMATION: TELEPHONING 49

UNIT 6: HIGHER EDUCATION AND CAREERS:

SPIRU HARET UNIVERSITY ... 59

UNIT 7: EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP . 67

UNIT 8: COMPANY ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES 76UNIT 9: ACCOUNTING . 88

UNIT 10: BANKING ... 100

UNIT 11: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 111

UNIT 12: FILING SYSTEMS . 124

UNIT 13: INTERNATIONAL TRADE .. 132

UNIT 14: THE STOCK EXCHANGE ... 143

UNIT 15: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT .. 157

FURTHER READINGS: FINANCE ... 166

Bibliography . 215


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6


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7

UNIT 1

MEETING AND GREETING PEOPLE

INTRODUCTIONS

Im Hans Schnabl from Dsseldorf, Germany. Im a German

citizen although my mother comes from Austria. I live at Number 10Weisstrasse Street. My parents and I live in a large house. Im the onlychild. My family is rather small. My uncle and aunt are both clerks. Mycousin is a football player. I work as a consultant in a large softwarecompany. I like playing sports, climbing mountains, reading novels and

poetry and speaking English. I also like travelling both inside Germanyand abroad. So far, Ive visited some Eastern and Western Europeancountries. I also visited the USA, Canada, Japan, China and Thailand. Idlike to travel all over the world. I consider that all countries are very

interesting from many points of view. They really deserve to be visited.Ill tell you some more things about my family. My father is a manager ata large international company and my mother is a professor. She teachesClassical and Modern German Literature at the Dsseldorf University.We all love our jobs very much.

Im Monica Angelescu from Bucharest, Romania. Im aRomanian. I live at Number 6 Iuliu Maniu Road in a block of flats at

the 3rd floor, apartment no 32. My telephone number is 775 644 021. Ihave a large family. My dad is a businessman and my mum is ateacher. I also have two younger sisters who are pupils at anelementary school in Bucharest. My uncle is an economist, my aunt isan accountant and my cousins are both doctors. Im a student. I lovespeaking English and listening to English pop music, which is a greatway of learning new words and every day expressions. I also like

playing tennis, swimming and travelling a lot both inside Romania

and abroad. I visited some Western European countries. In future, Id


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like to visit some countries from other continents, such as Canada orthe USA. I know they are very interesting. Now, Id like to give yousome more details about my family. My father speaks English very

fluently. He wants me to speak it well enough so that I can join hiscompany after graduating university. But Id rather work in publicrelations in the near future.

READING COMPREHENSION

1) Specify whether the following statements about the twoabove texts are True or False:

a)Monica Angelescu is from Bucharest.b)She works as a consultant in a large software company.c)She likes speaking English, listening to pop music, playing

tennis, swimming and travelling a lot.d)She wants to work in public relations in the near future.e)Her father doesnt want her to join his company after she

graduates University.

f) Hans Schnabl is from Berlin.g)He likes playing sports, climbing mountains, reading novelsand poetry and speaking English.

h)His father is a professor at the Dusseldorf University.i) Hans and his parents live in a small house in Dusseldorf.

j) They all love their jobs very much.

2) Read these conversations and then complete with thecorrect forms of the verb To Be: am, are and is. Use short forms

where possible, e.g. Im, youre, hes, so on.

a)A: Good morning. I.(1) Jack Harrison.B: Pleased to meet you. My name.(2) Ken Robertson.

b)A:..(3) you Ms. Johnson?B: Yes, I.(4). Please call me Julia.

c)A: Excuse me,.(5) your name Lawson?B: No, it.(6). It.(7) Wilson.

d)A:.(8) you Mr. Watson?


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B: No, I..(9). I.(10) Mr. Browne)A:.(11) your name Richardson?

B: Yes,..(12). How do you do?

f)A: .(13) you Herbert Ross and Mary Palmerston fromLondon?B: Yes, we....(14).Pleased to meet you

A: Pleased to meet you, too.

3) Match the first part of the sentence in Column A with thesecond part of the sentence in Column B:

A B1) Monica Angelescu lives in

Bucharesta) is a consultant in a large

software company2) Hans Schnabl lives in

Dusseldorfb) Hes from Germany

3) Monica Angelescus fatherwants her.

c).is a manager at a largeinternational company

4) Hans Schnabls father. d) Shes from Romania

5) In future, Monica Angelescu. e).to join his company after shegraduates University6) Hans Schnabl works. f) prefers to work in public

relations

Read the following interview:

A: Just a few question, Mr. Olafsson. It wont take long.B: Thats fine.A: Who do you work exactly? I understand its a division of

Sony.B: Yes, the full name is Sony Electronic Publishing.A: SonyElectronicPublishingAnd youre the President of

the company. Excuse me, but youre very young.B: YeswellIts a very young company.A: And where do you live and work?B: In the United States.

A: But youre from Iceland?


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B: Yes, thats right.A: And what does your company do? Do you make hi-fis? TVs?B: No, we make video games and software.

A: Video games? Do you play them at home?B: No, I dont take my work home. When Im at home, I write.

That takes a lot of my time.A: Thats interesting. What sort of things do you write?B: Novels and short stories, mainly.A: Is this one of your books?B: Yes, it is.A: Absolution Oh, youre names Olafsson. Let me write

that in my notebook. O-L-A-F-double S-O-N. But theres onething I dont understand. You run a big division of aninternational company and you write novels? How do youfind the time?

B: Well, I travel a lot, so I have free time to work in theevenings, in my hotel room. And at weekends, of course.

4) This is an extract from the article Miguel Martinez wrote

about Olaf Olafsson. Fill in the spaces with one of the verbs: are, is,does, do, dont, isnt, write, writes, works, makes

Meet sonys best selling president

Sony Electronic Publishing is a division of Sony. It.(1) videogames and software. The President of the division.(2) old in facthe is only 30 years old! And his name .(3) Olaf Olafsson.

But.(4) you know his other job? In his free time, OlafOlafsson.(5) novels and short stories. In his native country, Iceland,Olafssons books are best-sellers. But if you.(6) live in Iceland,dont worry! His new novel called Absolution is translated intoEnglish and German. And the books.(7) in the shops now!

Olafsson is a busy man. He.(8) long hours, and he travels allover the world for Sony. So how..(9) time to write?


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I usually write for an hour or two every evening he says. Andat the weekends, I often.(10) for eighteen hours, alone, on the roofof my apartment building.

(Adapted from Business Basics by David Grant and Robert McLarty, Oxford University Press, 1995)

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

1) Complete these sentences about yourself:

a)I work for(company) as.(position)b)My business address is.

c)My business telephone number isd)My private address ise)My private telephone number is..

2) Translate into Romanian the following useful words andexpressions:

1) Branch (noun)2) Office

3) Excuse me4) How do you do?5) Im sorry6) Please call me.7) Pleased to meet you8) How are you?9) Fine, thanks10) Not too bad11) Id like to introduce.12) How about some coffee?13) Nice to meet you14) See you later

GRAMMAR

1) Fill in the blanks with the correctarticle:

a)My friend is.tennis player

b)Mary goes to.church every Sunday


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c)He has.hour and.half for dinnerd). radio is broken. I need.screwdrivere)We never refuse to offer someone a job on .basis of.age

f)Dont worry. Everybody makes.mistakesg).visitors must be accompanied at all times.

2) Choose the right pronouns in brackets in the followingsentences:

a)Do you think (he/him) is stronger than I am?b)Just between you and (me/I), its (him/he) Im afraid of, not

(she/her)c)Let (we/us) all go for a walk except (she/her), since (she/her)is tired

d)Youre as tall as (I/me), so you can easily ride my bike, butyoure much fatter than either (I/me) or my cousin, so wecant lend you a sports jacket

e)How can you talk to a woman such as (she/her)?f)Help (I/me) carry (she/her), (she/ her) has fainted.

3) In the following sentences insert the missing possessiveadjectives and pronouns:

a)James has come to see me; .father and I were schoolfriends.

b)I see that she has lost.pencil; perhaps you can lend her c) Tell him not to forget.tickets; she mustnt forget.eitherd) It was a very good chocolate, but Ive eatenup; can you

give me a little piece of.?

e) They have two of.houses in this street, and the house on thecorner is also

f)This doesnt look like.notebook; it must be.

* The Plural of Nouns:Model:- Regular: houses; planes, knives, watches, et- Irregular: man-men; woman- women;

child- children; tooth- teeth, etc.


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- Collective nouns: family; army; police, crowd, jury, etc.e.g: My family are at the mountains (Correct)

My family is at the mountain ( Incorrect)

- Compound nouns: brothers- in -law, armchairs, overalls, etc.

- Foreign plurals: formula- formulae; datum- data; appendix-appendices, alga- algae, etc.

4) Put the words in brackets at the right plural forms:

a) They have some nice (flower) in their garden.b) The (boy) are talking to their (friend).

c) ( Dog) are nice and friendly (animal).d) The (dictionary) are on the (shelf).e) The (mouse) were caught by the (cat).f) She asked that her (book) should contain detailed (appendix).g) Television and (newspaper) are the mass (medium) for

advertising.

The Synthetic Genitive: answers the question whose?At the singular and irregular plural forms- s; e.g: the professorscourses; childrens books At the regular plural forms : the students notebooks.

5) Complete the next sentences with the right form:

a)Entering the room I saw that the children.. books were throwneverywhere on the floor

b)This waitress.. smile is quite nice and pleasantc)I dont remember these studentsnamesd)His father.. job is interesting

e)The professor.. remark should be taken into accountf)Today.. journey was very interesting and comfortable

6) Make questions and put the right Auxiliary Verbs usingthe examples below:

e.g. The students/ go to courses every day?Do the students go to courses every day?Paul/ like Mathematics?

Does Paul like Mathematics?


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a) Mary / understand the question?b) it / rain a lot in autumn?c) Mr. White / read the newspaper on the bus?

d) your parents / like old films?e) the shops / close at 9 oclock?f) you / attend a good University?g)he / know what he is doing?h)these magazines/ publish interesting articles?

7)Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets accordingto the Subject-Predicate Concord:

a) A great number of pupils (have/ has) spent their holidays inthe camp

b)(Is/Are) Mathematics your favourite subject?c)Several Chinese (have/ has) contributed to the success of the

researchd)(Was/Were) the news good?e)Fortunately all the crew members(was/were) saved

f)The money (is/ are) on the tableg)The local police (has/ have) helped the firemen to put out thefire

h)The Romanian army (have/ has) always fought for thecountrys independence

i)I want to know if this species (has/ have) survivedj)The great variety of fruit on display (attract/ attracts) most of

the customers.

8)Put the verbs in brackets at the correct form according to the

Subject- Predicate Concord:

a)Either my parents or my elder brother (accompany) myyounger sister to school.

b)Neither Joan or her sisters (wash) the dishes after lunch.c)Crime and Punishment (rank) among the best novels of world

literature.


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d)To treat them this way (be) unfair?e)Where (be) the scissors?f)These sort of mushrooms (be) not good to eat.

g)The cat, together with the kittens, (be) playing in the sun.h)My father, as well as my mother, (be) eager to know you.i)John, alongside with his friends, never (miss) a basketball

match.j)The principles on which he worked, as well as the way he

acts, (be) appreciated by his fellow-students.

9)Write sentences using the following words and expressions of

price, speed, ratio, time, so on.

A couple; a dozen; half a dozen; a score (20); a gross (144); ahundred: a thousand; a lot of; a great many of; a great deal of; five

pence a kilo; six pence a dozen; eighty kilometers an hour; four timesa day; a pound; a metre.

E.g: I saw him a couple of days ago. There are a lot of studentsat the University. He usually drives with eighty kilometers an hour, so

on.

SPEAKING

In groups of four discuss about your name, addresses, birthplace, occupations, nationality, families and relatives


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UNIT 2

JOBS

What is the employment outlook for office careers? The greatinflux of computers and other office technological advances has notchanged the need for people with good skills. Statistics estimate a 10

percent increase in secretarial positions in the ten-year period through2010. Managerial / administrative positions are expected to increase

by more then twice that percentage.Now that you are aware of the promising outlook for office

employees, you should familiarize yourself with the steps you mustfollow in seekingemployment. If you workfull time, you will spendapproximately 50 percent of your waking hours at your job. Makesure, then, that the job you select will be a rewarding one to which

you can give your best effort.Sources of job information newspaper advertisements: the classified section of

newspapers is a major source ofjob openings. Two kinds of classifiedadvertisements are listed in newspapers: signed and blind. A signedadvertisement includes the name of the firm placing theadvertisement. A blind advertisementdoes not show the firms name.In many cases only a telephone number or a post office box number isgiven in a blind advertisement. Private employment agencies must

place signed advertisements; employment agencies; placement offices and instructors: most schools and colleges

have placement counsellors that aid students in career planning; friends and relatives.The job application process

Before you apply for a job with a particular company, find outall you can about the company. This information is needed for two

major reasons. First, you need to know if you meet yourcareer goals


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by working for this company. Secondly, you need to know as muchabout the company as possible in order to be prepared for theinterview. One question often asked in the interview is Why do you

want to work for this company Unless you know something about thecompany, you cannot satisfactorily answer this question.

When a company needs to employ new people, it may decide toadvertise the job or position in a newspaper. People who are interestedcan then apply for the job by sending in a letter of application orcovering letter (US cover letter) and a curriculum vitae or CV (USresum) containing details of their education and experience. In somecases a company may prefer to do this initial selection after asking

candidates to complete a standard application form. The companyshuman resource department will then select the applications that itconsiders the most suitable and prepare a shortlist of candidates orapplicants who are invited to attend an interview.

How to write a Letter of Application ?

A letter of application should be concise and to the point. Itshould contain three or four paragraphs.

First paragraph

state your interest and purpose for writing the letter.if you know of a specific job opening, state that you are applying

for it and how you learned about it.Second paragraph

emphasize yourqualifications. Highlight only those areas thatwill give you an advantage over other applicants.

State what experience you have and how useful you can be tothe company.

create interest in your abilities and state your desire to workfor that particular firm.

Third paragraphrequest an interview. Be clear as to when and where you can

be reached. If you are responding to an advertisement which asks forsalary requirements, give a range instead of a specific number.

How to write a CV

The CV or rsum is a concise statement of your background,

education, skills and experience. In writing your CV, remember that it


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is one of the tools that should help you get a job. You should presentyour qualifications in the best light possible. In addition to personalinformation such as your name, address and telephone number, other

information include: your career objective education

list degree, institution, major & date (suggest beginningwith the highest degree and working backwards

office skills and abilities work experience / work history

title, employers name, dates (dates can go first if you

wish; list your experience in reverse chronological order). achievements and accomplishments (if relevant to your

objective) referencesThe interview

If you have done well thus far in the application process, youmay get the opportunity youve been hoping for the chance to meetthe employer face-to-face. Helpful hints:

dress appropriately give a firm handshake maintain good eye contact try not to act nervous, display good humour show a genuine interest in what the interviewer says and be

alert to all questions try to understand your prospective employers needs and show

how you can fill them express yourself clearly and with a well-modulated voice.From your application, your CV, and your employment tests that

may have been administered, an interviewer can determine yourspecific skills. What must be determined, however, is your ability to

project yourself through your use of good grammar, your knowledgeof current events, your interests and your attitude toward people andwork in general.

Commonly asked questions:

regarding experience

Why did you leave your previous job(s)?


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Which duties performed in the past have you liked thebest ? the least? Why?

Have you had any problems with previous supervisors? regarding education:

Which courses did you like the best? the least? Why?Did your grades adequately reflect your full capability?What special training have you had that is required for

this position? questions you need to ask:

What are the key responsibilities of the position?What factors determine promotion eligibility?Has the organisation had any layoffs or cutbacks in thelast five years?

Preparing for an interview takes quite a bit of work. If you believe inyour ability to be a good employee, prove it in the interview.


1)List sources that can be used to obtain job information.

2)Give two reasons why you need knowledge about a companybefore you apply for a position.3)List five musts for writing a good letter of application.4)What categories of information should be included on a CV?5)Which are the main considerations in preparing for an

interview?6)What questions you need to ask in an interview?


Synonymous pairs:ooccupation ( anything one does) // profession ( requireshigher education or special training)owages ( paid weekly usually for manual or clerical work) /salary (paid monthly usually by cheque)


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1)Chose the appropriate word:a.Her main (occupation / profession) appears to be sitting in

cafs and watching people go by.

b.Very high (wages / salary) is / are offered for working on oilrigs or diving.

c.Teachers are constantly complaining about their (wages /salaries)

d.Being a truck driver is not a / an (occupation / profession) forsomeone who likes staying at home.

e.In many countries the most lucrative (occupations /professions) are medicine and the law.

f.We offeroccupational / professional advice.

2) Match the job titles with the job descriptions (a-j)

1.Auditor a.I specialise in advising onmanagement reporting systems.

2.Bank manager b.I obtain and record financial records.3.Accountant c.We build bridges.4.Management consultant d.We examine and (usually) approve a

company's financial records.

5.Receptionist e.I receive and pay out money in abank.

6.Civil engineer f. I have about 500 patients on my list.7.Sales representative g.I visit all my clients four or five

times a year to tell them about ourlatest products.

8.General practitioner h.I welcome and deal with people

arriving in the office building.9.Bank teller i. We are always ready to discuss

lending possibilities with our clients.

10.Bookkeeper j. I draw up and check financialstatements, calculate tax, and the unitcost of products.


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3) Match the form of revenue with the right recipient

1. commission a. retired employee

2. wage b. shareholders3. salary c. sales representative4. fees d. government

5. royalty e.blue-collar worker

6. redundancy pay f. student

7. tax g. financial adviser

8. grant h. author

9. pension i. laid off employee

10.dividend j. white-collar worker

4) Complete the sentences by rearranging the letters in

CAPITALS to form a word to do with work, as in the example.

Now he works form home, he doesnt have to commute by

train to and from Long Beach CMMOTUE

a. In Britain, the normal working week for _________-timeemployees is anything up to eighteen hours a week, while

people working ________-time do around thirty-eight hours.

RPAT / LUFL

b. I have sent an _____________ form TPLIACAIOPNc. They are ___________ off 500 workers. AYGLIN

d.Her academic __________ are good but she doesnt have anyprevious _________. FUNALIIOQCATIS / PEEERINCEX

e. He works thirty-eight hours a week but sometimes with_________ he does as many as fifty. TRVEOIME

f.Nowadays many designers or IT specialists are __________ ;in other words they sell their work or services to different

companies. AERLENEFC.

g.Employers are interested in practical________ like wordprocessing and fluency in foreign languages. LKILSS


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5) Whats the job?

Decide which job is being referred to in the following jobadvertisements. Choose the job from the list.

a.accountantb.clerkc.R&D Managerd.computer operatore.personnel officerf.advertising executive

1.Duties include filing, mailing, relief reception and other generaloffice work.

2.Reporting directly to Managing Director. You will take over financialcontrol for all aspects of daily operation.

3.You will be an essential member of an agency responsible forsome of the countrys top accounts. You will be responsible forthe administration of local and national promotion.

4.With particular responsibilities for recruitment and selection. Excellent communicationskills needed.

5.You will be in charge of a team of highly creative individuals

delivering new quality products and enhancing our existing range.

6.Some experience in C++ programming is essential but training will be given tothe successful applicant.


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6) Complete the definitions by choosing the correctalternatives:

1.A manager who leaves a company earlier than planned mayreceive aa. pay-in b. pay-off c. pay-down

2.If you move to another company, youa. joint it b. join it c. joist it

3.If you leave a company because you want to, youa. resignate b. rescind c. resign

GRAMMAR

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Revising irregular comparisons

good better the bestbad worse the worstlittle less the leastmuch more the most

far farther the farthest ( of distance only)far further the furthest ( of distance and time)late later the latest ( the most recent) / last (the final one)old older the oldest ( of things and people)old elder the eldest ( comparisons within a family)

1)Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the adjectivesor adverbs in brackets:

a.(little) He seemed to get.and interested in thejob offer.

b.(much, good) The he worked the ..results heobtained.

c.(soon, good) The .the rain stops thed.(few) There are .and. mistakes in your exercise.e.(strong) The wind gets .and..f. (early, good) The we start the. g. (high, cold) The we climbed the it became.


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2) Choose the right adjective from the list given below andfill in the blanks:

frightened, cold, delicious, expensive, friendly, smart, electric, fresh,helpful, attractive, correct

a. The librarian proved to be very..b. She looks quite in her new dress.c. You can eat .food in this hypermarket.d. Have you bought an.overcoat?e. The little boy was so ..that he couldnt speak a word.

3) Fill in the following sentences with the comparative orsuperlative adjective given in brackets:

a.The bus I have come by today is much.than the one Icame by yesterday (fast)

b.We bought the .clothes we could find (thick).c.Tea isthan coffee in England (popular)d.What is the ..city in your country (large)

Adjectival word order

opinionsize/age/shape-colour- origin- pattern/material- noun

4) Decide on the correct adjective order for each of theitems below:

a.striped / jeans / she / is / tight / wearing

b.lawyer / Armenian / clever /a / middle-agedc.a (an) / Dutch / attractive / girl / 23-year-oldd.a (an) / leather / wears / he / long / coat / blacke.box / silver / interesting / small / a (an)f.gingery-brown / hair / long / wavy / has / Amelia

Adverb position: manner place time


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5) Decide on the correct adverb order

a.They negotiated (for five hours / aggressively)

b.John read ( at home / very much / all day yesterday)c.My friend spoke to me ( in the street / very kindly / the day

before yesterday)

6) Choose the right adjective or adverb to fill in thefollowing sentences:

a.Everybody felt..(happy, happily)b.George is the best student in class. He studies(hard,

hardly)c.Jane speaks so ..that I cant understand her. (fast, fastly)d.The food smells .(nice, nicely)e.She smelled the food (careful, carefully)f.You look (sad, sadly)g.Some of us did the exercise very (good, well)h.The students worked very ..(carefully, careful)i.Yes, she said.. (soft, softly)

j.Drive .! Dont walk so ..(slowly, slow)k.Business is ..(slow, slowly)l.Your can solve this problem... (easy, easily)

7) What are the possible opposites of the words hard,high and goodin these phrases?

a.Hard examb.High price

c.High-rise buildingd.Hard drugse.High opinionf.Good performance


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12)Suppose you are writing a cover letter to apply for a job.Pick up four adjectives that best describe you. Then write foursentences that describe your qualities. (Do not include the four

adjectives in your sentences).

e.g. I always think of other peoples opinions before makingdecisions (considerate)

reliable determined fluent confident sociable

flexible organised convincing considerate tidy

competitive balanced successful

SPEAKING

Most people think they are overworked and underpaid.Whats your opinion?


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A: Yes, I used to work as an editor for a racing car magazine before.I prefer what Im doing now, I must say. I meet all kinds of

peopleI like thatI enjoy the driving, too. Im always happy to get

out of the office.B: I take it you travel around a lot.A: Thats right. You see, were based in Bristol, but weve got branchoffices all over BritainIs your head office here in Bucharest, by theway?B: Well, no actually. Were in Arad thats in western Romania -

but I work in our Bucharest office.A: Thats interesting So, whats it like to be with a huge

multinational? Youre pretty big, arent you?B: Well Id say so. Our branch alone has a turnover ofroundabout 20m. And weve got a workforce of over1,000A: Ah, thats a lot.B: Yes, you can call us big.A: Indeed, its really big. My companys much smaller. Our totalturnovers just over 5m.B: I see. And how about your staff?

A: Our staff? Yes, Id say about 80 people, maybe 90, thats full-time staff. Were a private company, by the way. But I reckon thefirm is doing quite well so I expect well go public in a year or sostime.B: Really? Thats most interesting. Were a public company, ofcourse. We have been so for the last 10 years.


A. Read the conversation again and mark the phrases usedby the characters to express the aspects mentioned below:

a.introducing themselvesb. responding to introductionsc. saying what their company isd. saying what the company's line of business ise. describing company sizef. giving other details about the company

g. summarising their career to date


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h. speaking of their present job/responsibilities

B. Match each phrase with one of the topics given in the

exercise above. There may be more than one phrase for each topic.1. I work for Best Motors Limited.2. I dea1 with. Customer comp1aints.3. Im Sales Manager.4. Im with Global Telecommunications.5. We deal in mobile phones.6. We employ around 300 people.7. My company's based in 8. We produce spare parts for the car

industry.9. Ive worked for this company for 5 years. Before joining it...10. Our head office/headquarters is in...11. Im responsible for marketing strategies.12. Our turnover is Sm Euro.13. We have subsidiaries in...14. We've got a work-force ofnearly 500.


1. Write one or more words into each gap to complete thisdialoque:

Example: Pleased to meet. you.

Receptionist: Good afternoon. ..1. I help you?Charles Stevens: Good afternoon. My name is Charles Stevens. Im.2 Best Motors Ltd. I ..3 an appointment with Mary Taylorat 2 oclock.Receptionist: Ah yes.Take a seat, please. Mrs Taylor.4be withyou in a moment, Mr Stevens.Mrs Taylor: Good afternoon, Mr Stevens. Im Mary Taylor. Pleasedto meet you.Charles Stevens:5, Mrs Taylor.Mrs Taylor: Welcome to our company..6 a good trip?Charles Stevens: Oh yes, it was fine thanks.

Mrs Taylor:7. a cup of coffee before we start?


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Charles Stevens: Thanks very much, that would be nice.Mrs Taylor: .8.1milk and sugar?Charles Stevens: Just sugar, please.

2. Choose the best word or phrase from the list below tocomplete the extract.

Charles Stevens9for Best Motors in the SalesDepartment. He10in the company for three years now. He enjoysthe job, although he spends11time on the road visiting customersfrom all over Britain. Sometimes he travels hundreds of miles in aday. Last week, he 12.more than 2,000 miles. If he 13makea long trip, he usually stays overnight in a hotel. His wife complainsthat he spends too 14.time at home.

9. a) work b) works c) is working d) is worked10. a) is b) was c) has been d) had been11. a) many b) a lot of c) few d) quite much12. a) drive b) drove c) has driven d) drived13. a) would have to b) will have to c) had to d) has to

14. a) little b) few c) short d) less

3. Match the following most likely conversational topics withthe appropriate suggested questions:

1. the journey a. Did you have a good flight?2. plans b. How long are you going to be here?

previous3. visits c. Whereabouts in Britain do you live?

4. visitors country/town d. How do you find our climate?5. the weather e. Is this your first visit to Romania?6. accommodation f. Where are you staying?

g. How was your trip here?h. Have you been to Bucharest before?

i. Which part of France are you from?j. What was the weather like when you

left London?


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a) Nice to meet you.b) Nice to meet you, too.c) How nice to see you again.

d) How are you?e) Im fine.f) That would be good.g) Im afraid I have to go to a meeting.h) Maybe we could meet.i) I think you both have an interest.

j) Can I introduce

6. Read these short extracts from different conversations.In each one someone is telling a visitor about their country.

Which ones are talking about:

1. a festival?2. the climate?3. natural resources?4. politics?5. the economy?

6. the tax laws?7. a local drink?8. a national sport?9. the currency?

a. There are a hundred re to the krone and each krone is wortharound l0p.

b. Our biggest problem is the balance of payments. Theres a hugedeficit.

c. In spring, when the cherry blossoms are out, hundreds of peoplegather under the trees for picnics.d. You have to be careful it doesnt burn your throat. Some people putit in the deep freeze for a while, so its cold when they swallow it.e. The rate you pay depends on how much you earn.f. Weve just changed from a proportional representation system to afirst past the post system. So instead of working out the total votescast for each party, we count up the votes in each constituency and thewinner is elected.


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g. You have to wrap up really warm. Minus 10 or 15 degrees is quitecommon, so you need a hat that covers your ears.h. You have a puck and you have to try and hit it into the other teams

goal.i. There are the mountains of course. We have a few copper and tinmines, but thats all in the way of minerals.

7. Social Quiz

Do you know what to say on social occasions? Choose the best

word or phrase for these situations.

1. What would you say to someone on their 27th birthday?

a. Congratulations. b. Happy birthday.c. Joyous birthday. d. Happy anniversary.

2. The taxi fare is 8.30 Euro so you give the taxi driver 10 Euro. Whatdo you say?

a. The tip is yours. b. The change is yours.

c. Keep the tip. d. Keep the change.

3. You didnt hear what someone said. What do you say?

a. I apologize. b. Please repeat.c. I didnt hear. d. Sorry?

4. You want to attract a waiters attention in a restaurant. What do

you say?a. Waiter! b. Sir!c. Over here! d. Come, please!5. Your colleague tells you he cant come to your party . What doyou say?

a. How shameful! b. I dont care.c. What a pity! d. You dont matter.


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6. Your English client says, Ill get the first round. Where are you?

a. At a boxing match. b. On a golf course.

c. In a pub. d. In a car.

7. The person you are playing golf with has just missed a shot.What do you say?

a. Good luck. b. Bad luck.c. Bad chance. d. Sorry.

8. The person you are playing golf with has just made a good shot.

What do you say?

a. Good shot! b. Good chance!c. Well shot! d. Good luck!

9.You meet an old friend at a conference. She says, Lovely to seeyou. How are things? What do you say?

a. How do you do? b. Very well, thank you.

c. Fine, thanks. d. Good.

8. Match each comment with a suitable reply:

1.Weve just won that large contract with ICI.2. Here, let me pay.3. Our sales manager is in hospital.4. Its not good news. They say they might have to make me

redundant.

5. Im just offto my interview.6. Im so sorry were late.7. Do have a seat.8. Would you mind waiting for a moment?9. Thank you very much.10. Its been a lovely party but Im afraid I must be going.a. Good luck!

b. Its a pleasure.

c. No, please, I insist. Dinner is on me.


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d. What a pity! Lovely to see you anyway.e. Congratulations!f. No, not at all.

g. I am sorry. Bad luck!h. Thats all right. We havent started yet.i. Thank you.

j. Oh dear! Nothing serious I hope.

9. Match the sentence on the left with the response on the right

1. Sarah is getting married in the spring, a) It was my pleasure.2. Thanks for the ride. b) Fine, thanks.3. How do you do? c)Wow!4. Howre you doing? d) No, its true, I assure

you.5. Ill get another round of beers. e) Yeah, take care.6. Thank you for a wonderful time. f) No, this ones on me.7. Heres to a successful partnership! g) Any time.8. We made over a million bucks

in five days.h) How do you do?

9. Youre joking! i) Congratulations.10. Bye then. j) Cheers!11. Thank you very much indeed. k) Spain12. Can you speak German? l) Sorry, I dont smoke.13. Do you know Mr Davis? m) Youre welcome.14. Where do you come from? n) Yes, we met last week.15. You havent got a light, have you? o) Just a few words.

10. Choose one of the accompanying phrases to thank your host.Situations a) While on a business trip, some foreign friends invited

your delegation over for a drink.b) A colleague has bought you coffee.c) A potential customer you have been visiting has invited

you to dinner at a country club.d) You have spent ten weeks running an English course for

a companys staff in Bucharest. The people have been

quite friendly and invited you to a farewell reception.


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e) While in London, your business associates arranged foryou to see a performance at the Albert Hall.

f) The Sales Manager of a company you do business with

has taken you to the theatre to see a comedy.Phrases of thanks:

1. Thank you for getting me a ticket.2. It was most kind of you to invite us over.3. It was very nice of you to invite me. I always enjoy a good

laugh.4.Thanks, Roy.5.Thank you for all your hospitality. I really appreciate it.6.Thank you very much for the meal.

11. Fill in with a necessary word/phrase to express thanks:

a) Mr Smith is thanking an airline clerk for flight information forhis summer holiday.

Mr SmithThank you for the information.Airline Clerk:Youre

b) Mr Williams is thanking an elderly lady for a lift back to hisoffice.

Mr Williams: See you tomorrow madam, and thanks for thelift. I hope ithasnt taken you out of your way.

Mrs. Jones: Thats ... I live quite near anyhow.

12. Read the six expressions of thanks below and match themwith one of the sentences on the right.

a) Thanks for the coffee. 1) Thats okay/all right.b) I did enjoy the performance. Itwas really excellent.

2) Youre welcome.

c) I think weve got all the detailsnow. Thanks for the information.

3) Really, it was no trouble.

d) Thanks for everything. Youvebeen very helpful.

4) Good. Im glad you liked it.

e) Thank you very much for findingout about the shipping charges.

5) Dont mention it.


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SPEAKING

Over to you

Decide which would be the most appropriate way of greetingpeople in each of the following situations:

a. A trade delegation from Japan is visiting your company. AsPublic Relations Officer, you have been asked to look after them.Greet the visitors, then introduce yourself and state your position inthe company.

b. You have made appointments to meet a financial expert ontwo previous occasions, but something has always gone wrong.Finally you meet.

c. Someone has just arrived in your department to do a one-weekcomputer training course.

d. You are meeting Mary Perkins, a customer from Britain, atthe airport. She s going to spend a couple of days in your company.Identify yourself and your company.

e. A new colleague has just arrived at the office. Greet him/herand introduce yourself and your other colleagues.

GRAMMAR

QuestionsSubject-Predicate Order in Questions

Direct Questions Aux+Subject +verb?Indirect Questions (I wonder if/what/where) Subject+verb

Indirect Questions are generally used when some sort ofdifficulty is involved: we dont know the person were talking to, orwe need to be polite. In a series of questions, we start with an indirectquestion to establish politeness, then we ask direct, usually shorterquestions. When a lot of questions are asked, using varied questiontypes is advisable.

Questions may be Yes/No ones (using an auxiliary as the firstword, requiring a positive or negative answer), open ones (with aquestion word before the auxiliary), with who, what or which as


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subject (an auxiliary is not used). Tag questions are used when weexpect the speaker to confirm what we are saying or when making anoffer, suggestion. They are formed using an auxiliary and the pronoun

referring to the subject.

1. Ask questions to the words in italics:

a)We worked with an important customer.b)Im interested in the new project.c)The manager invited Michael to visit the company.d)The divisional director complimented Daniel on his organisation

e)Two hundredpeople visited the plant.

2. Tag Questions

Fill in the blanks with the right positive or negative question tag:a) You finished all your tests in time,?

b) He isnt quite a nice guy, .?c) The train arrives at 6.30 p.m.,.?

d) You will call me as soon as you arrive,..?e) Catherine left on a trip to Paris last summer, ..?f) Im not intruding, I hope,?g) You arent too enthusiastic about my idea,?h) Janice was going to revise the estimates,..?i) She said she would talk to Bill about it,.?

j) Bill wanted to change the procedure, .?k) Lets call up a meeting on Monday morning,?

WRITING

1. Customers Personal Letters

Match the type of letter with the excerpts below:1. Congratulatory letter2.Referral3.Invitation

4.Thank-you letter


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a) Dear Professor Harrold,Three senior editors from Herald Business will serve on a panel at aspecial luncheon, June, 2nd, at noon in the Japanese suite of the Palace

Hotel. Wed like you to join us. These gentlemen will be giving theirinformed views on the business outlook and tax reform. Ill lookforward to meeting you there.

Yours faithfully,Charles Sherman

b) Dear Mr. Markinson,Thank you for your letter requesting information about financial

planning. Im sorry to say that we have not yet added that kind of

service to our firm. But I recommend you IM Consult, anorganization I consider among the best in the field, highlyknowledgeable in investment strategies. I suggest you give Mr.Davidson a call for the help you requested in your letter.

Yours truly,Tom Beadley

c) Dear Mr. Lawrence,I certainly enjoyed reading the April 21st Financial Times article on

your fast-developing company. Such coverage renders the companysachievements and objectives for future products.Sincerely,..

d) Dear Mr. Atkins,I am writing to thank you for your kind hospitality during my visit toyour company. I was impressed by the high quality standards that youmaintain. It was thoughtful of you to give up so much of your time.You have a good range of fashion items and I am certainly hoping to

be able to place an order with you in the near future.However, I mustfirst wait for my company to finalise the purchasing plan for the nextquarter.

I will be in contact with you again as soon as I can.Yours sincerely,..


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UNIT 4

HOBBIES AND INTERESTS

Hobbies are spare-time recreational activities. They have theirorigin in the Middle Ages, when falconry was a very popular leisureactivity (what today might be called a hobby), and of all the different

birds used for it, the Euroasian Hobby was perhaps the most popular.It is said that the modern use of hobby to indicate a pastimefollowed from this.

An alternative explanation is that the usage grew from anotherrecreational animal called hobby, which was a type of small amblinghorse. A hobby-horse was a wooden or wickerwood toy made to beridden just like the real hobby. From this derived the expression toride ones hobby-horse, meaning to follow a favourite pastime, and

in turn, hobby in the modern sense of recreation.Hobbies are practised for interest and enjoyment rather than

financial reward. Examples include collecting, making differentobjects, sports, etc. Engaging in a hobby can lead to acquiringsubstantial skill, knowledge, and experience. However, personalfulfilment is the aim.

Activities that are hobbies for some people are professions forothers: a professional photographer may enjoy cooking as a hobby,

while a professional chef might enjoy taking photographs as a hobby.Generally speaking, the person who does something for fun, notremuneration, is called an amateur (or hobbyist), as distinct from a

professional.Almost no one can make a living by collecting stamps, but many

find it enjoyable; so it is commonly regarded as a hobby.While some hobbies are considered by many people trivial or

boring, hobbyists have found something compelling and entertainingabout them.


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Pursuit of a hobby may have calming and helpful therapeuticside-effects. In some cases, however (for example in collecting), theline between a hobby and an obsession can become blurred. There is

more than one recorded case of violence over things as simple as coincollecting.

(adapted from Ann Huxley,History and Present in Hobbies,Edition Laurel,1984)

Reading comprehension

1. Read the text again and specify whether the following

statements are true or false:a. In the Middle Ages, falconry was a very popular leisure

activity.T/F

b. The modern meaning of hobby is profession. T/Fc. Hobbies are practised for interest and enjoyment. T/Fd. We dont learn anything from having a hobby. T/Fe. A hobbyist is a person who does something for fun. T/Ff. Hobbies are boring and unimportant activities. T/F

g. Hobbies can become obsessive and lead to acts of violence. T/Fh. To ride ones hobby-horse means to ride a horse received

as a gift.T/F

2. Choose the words and phrases most similar in meaning tothe following as used in the reading passage:

1.alternative: a. atypical b. another c. optional d. distinct

2.enjoyment: a. entertainment b. relaxation c. satisfaction d. gladness3.engage: a. participate b. commit c. employ d. go in for4.skill: a. aptitude b. ability c. know-how d. technique5. trivial: a. meaningless b. frivolous c. unimportant d. irrelevant6. compelling: a. necessary b. attractive c. exciting d. provocative7. blurred: a. indistinct b. obscure c. confused d. vague


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1. Match the words and phrases in column (A) to the right

explanation in column (B), then use them to fill the blanks in thesentences below:

I.(A) (B)

1.spare time a. a horse walking at a slow, easy pace.2.leisure activity b. money given for a service or merit.3.ambling horse c. personal development4.side-effects d. time not needed for work; extra time

5. financial reward e. to earn ones living by6. personal fulfilment f. activity done during a time that is free

from work7. make a living by g. the breeding and training of hawks8. falconry h. secondary (usually less desirable)

effects

II.a. They played football and considered it a......................activity.

b. He decided to make miniature figures and.....................by sellingthem.

c. They had a small..................for their daughter to learn to drive.d. She didnt expect any..................., she did it with the greatest

pleasure.e. During his..................he was fond of listening to music.f. She didnt know that the medicine had...................g. The aim of hobbies is generally................................

h. Bored and without any occupation he took to......................

2. Complete the following text with the right prepositions:

A hobby store is a place dedicated.........the selling............thingsthat people usually employ...........their personal satisfaction. Hobbystores are particularly popular..........men and children, lessso...........women, although many hobby stores todaycater........womens interests, too.


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Typical items to be found.......hobby stores include airplanemodels, train models, ship models, house models, dolls, coins, stamps,specialty magazines and sometimes even flowers and small animals. A

specific type ......a hobby store is a game store.

3. Here are some eponyms in sports, i.e. sports terms namedafter people. Specify to which sports they refer and complete thesentences:

Tsukahara after Mitsuo Tsukahara (Japan)Axel after Axel Paulsen(Norway)Lutz after Alois Lutz (Austria))

Biellmann after Denise Biellmann (Switzerland)Davis after Dwight F. DavisFrances Pomeroy after James Naismiths daughter-in-law

Frances Pomeroy Naismith(USA)

a. Her...............jump made the audience applaud frentically.b. She was such a perfect gymnast that her..............vault was

worth a gold medal.c. In skating contests, a..............jump and a..........spin are

compulsory.d. Its the first time our basketball team has been given

the.................Award.e. Being the best tennisman in the world, he won the ...........Cup.

Remember:

Play = refers to sports played with a ball and where teams areinvolved

Go = refers to individual and leisure activitiesDo = refers to sports or activities where body movements are implied

4. Complete the following sentences with Play, Go, Do:

E.g. My best friend likes Doing judo, Going skiing in winterand PLAYING bowls with his friends.

a. All little girls are fond of..............ballet.b. Are you looking forward to..............fishing next weekend?


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c. He gave up...........hockey with his broken arm.d. She took to.........jogging as she was getting fat.e. I feel like..........football with my friends this weekend.

f. What about.........diving, the weather is very fine.g. She put off........fitness as she was very busy.h. She preferred.........gymnastics to............snooker.

5. Fill in the blanks in the following text with the words below:

Letter Manuscripts Prices Collectors Signed

Photographs Signatures Auction To Pay

Today,........are prepared ........ever-increasing..........for covetedhand-written autographs and...........letters or......., not justscrawled...........on............or slips of paper. A letter written by CharlesDickens could be bought for 1 pound in 1903; today it is worth 600at an ........

GRAMMAR

Modal verbs

Can/could express present and past ability (was able to ormanaged to are used when speaking about more specific actions; be

able to is used for infinitive, future and present perfect)

1. Use modal verbs to express ability:

a. He is very persuasive, he...........make his team mates adopt hisopinion.

b. After a few months of training after the accident,she........skate well again.

c. Youve put too much in your bag, you ...........to carry it.d. They had a very successful meeting and they..........make the

Olympic Board agree to a 60% discount.e. I knew the town very well so I..........advise them what to visit.f. The injured football player.............to walk in a few weeks.


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May/might, can/could to express permission (allow or permitsupply past and future tenses ;can used for permission is an informalalternative to may ; could is more polite)

2. In the following sentences, use modal verbs to expresspermission:

a. He.............to drive the family car ever since he was sixteen.b. ........I use your phone? Mine is out of order.c. On weekdays we had to get up early but on Sundays

we.......stay in bed till ten.d. I dont know what to answer. I make a suggestion?e. ........fill in this application form for me?f. ........I see your passports, please?

May/might = to grant, refuse or request permission, and toexpress possibility in the present or future (youcan, onecan are alsoused to express possibility, but in a different way : you can = it is

possible = circumstances permit)

3. Use modal verbs in the following sentences:a. Take your coat, it............rain on the sports ground.

b. Candidates .........not bring textbooks into the examinationroom.

c. I think I left my bag in your office. .....I ask your secretary tolook for it for me?

d. They sacrificed their lives so that we..........live free.e. You.........ski on the hils. There is enough snow.

Must andhave to express positive obligation (have to expresses anexternal obligation), neednt, dont have to express lack of obligation,andmustnt, cant, (be) not allowed to express prohibition.

4. Use modal verbs to express obligation or prohibition:

a. As you are from the European Union, you.............have a visato go to Germany.

b. You.............write more than 250 words on this subject.


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c. Im sorry, but we............give the results by phone.d. Drivers wishing to hire a car............be over 21 and have a

full driving licence.

e. She...........leave home at 8.00 every morning at present, givenher new job.

f. I cant support you any longer; you............earn your ownliving from now on.

Cant/couldnt + perfect infinitive express negative deductionand reproach; may/might + perfect infinitive express speculationsabout the past; must + perfect infinitive expresses affirmative

deductions; neednt + perfect infinitive = a past action which wasunnecessary but was performed.

5. Use modal verbs + perfect infinitive to express deductions,reproach, speculations, past unnecessary performed actions:

a. He had his umbrella in the morning, but he hasnt got it now.He.......(leave) it in a shop.

b. He............(escape) by this window because it is not locked.

c. You..........(warn) me about his arrival. You know I dontwant to see him.

d. I think he swam across the river.No, he........(do) that; he cant swim.

e. I spoke French very slowly.You............(speak) slowly. He speaks French fluently.

f. I dont remember reading about it in the newspapers.I............(be) abroad at the time.

Opinions and adviceShould, ought to = advice, must =strong advice, had better =

strong opinion, would rather = preference

6. Fill in the blanks with modal verbs to express opinionsand advice:

a. You are really ill, you.............go to the doctor.

b. I..............not interrupt him while hes speaking on the phone.


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c. I cant tell you what to do, you...........speak to your boss.d. You............go and and visit your parents immediately.e. I............go abroad during my holidays than stay at home.

f. You..................keep an account of all your expenses.

SPEAKING

1. Try to ascertain the difference between an interest and ahobby.

2. Speculate about going deeper into the matter, what do youthink of being more scientific between an interest and ahobby, what do you think of people who go beyond all bounds

in a hobby and reach the field of a profession, and giveexamples.

3. Speak about the closeness of art and sport and how it isrevealed by the nature of the Olympic Games which, as weknow, are celebrations of both sporting and artisticachievements.

4. Speak about sportsmanship and how this concept isreflected in what a journalist once said : its not that youwon or lost but how you played the game.

5. Comment the creed expressed by the founder of the ModernOlympic Games, Pierre de Coubertin : The most importantthing is not winning but taking part.


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Unit 5

OBTAINING INFORMATION: TELEPHONING

A: Fenton Engineering.B:Extension 273, please.A: Im afraid the lines engaged. Will you hold?

B: Yes.A: The lines free now. Ill put you through.B: Thank you.C: Travel agency.B: Id like to speak to Mrs Isaacs.C: Whos calling, please?B: Jacques Duvil.C:Hold on, M Duvil. Ill gether.C: Im afraid shes in a meeting. Do you want to call back later?

B: No, its urgent. Could you take

a message?C: Yes, of course.B: Could you ask her to call me back?C: Does she have your number?B: No. Its Paris the code is 00 331 then the number is 45458394.Could you read that back to me?C: 00 331 45458394.B: Thats right.C:Anything else?

B: No, thats all. Thank you very much.C: Youre welcome.B: Goodbye.


I. Answer the following questions:

a. What exactly did each person say when answering the phone?


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b. How did the company secretary tell the caller he couldn'tspeak to the person he wanted?

c. What did the company secretary suggest?

d. What did Jacques Duvil say when he round out Mrs. Isaacswas in a meeting?


1.Telephone language

Look at these expressions which are often heard or used whentelephoning. Decide which are from recorded messages and mark

them with X.1.Sorry to keep you waiting.2.Heathrow Travel. Christine speaking. How may I help you?3.Ill get him to call you back as soon as possible.4.Hold on a moment and Ill put you through.5.Could you put me through to the accounts department, please?6.Could you speak up a little?7.We are unable to take your call at the present time. Please

leave your name and number after the tone.

8.This is the Australian Embassy visa information line. Theconsulate section is open every morning from 10 oclock to13 oclock.

2. Taking someones name

Write the names of the people in the blanks.1. My names.. Ill spell that for you gee are ay

aitch ay em new word aitch you gee a itch ee es.

2. My names, thats jay eh en i see ee new word whyoh you en gee.

3. Which phrases are most appropriate in a telephoneconversation? Mark all the acceptable ones in each set

1. a)James Watts office. Good afternoon.b) James Watts office. Can I help you?c) James Watts office. What do you want?

d) James Watts office.


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2. a) Could I speak to James Watt, please?b) I must speak to James Watt.c) Give me James Watt.

d) Can I speak with James Watt, please?3. a) Hes not here.

b)Who are you?c) Sorry, you cant.d) Im afraid hes not in the office at the moment.

4.a) Oh, could I leave a message then please?b) Give him a message, will you?c) Would it be possible to give him a message?

d) Well, could you ask him to call me back?5. a) Certainly.

b) Yes, thats no problem.c) Whats your message?d) Whats your name?e) Yes. Whos calling please?

4. Aphone conversation

Number this jumbled conversation in the correct order. The firstone has been done for you:

Ill sign them this afternoon and send them back to you. Hello. My names Betty Green. Id like to speak to Katie Stevens,

please. 1. Good morning. HMV Industries. How may I help you? Hold the line, please. Ill see if shes in.

Great. Thanks a lot. (pause) Hello. Katie Stevens speaking. Betty Green and Id like to speak to Katie .

Hello, this is Betty. Sorry, I didnt quite catch that. Hi, Betty. How are you doing? OK. Busy as usual. Fine, thanks. And you?

Yes, they came this morning but I havent signed them yet.


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Im just ringing to find out if youve received the copies of thecontract.

OK, theres no rush.

5. Complete the following conversations with phrases fromthe list below. Use each phrase only once

a.Good morning. Could I speak to Mr Dennis please?

bLesley Lewis from RB Manufacturers.

c. Oh, hello, John. How are things?.

d..Yes, hold the line and Ill put you through to him.

eOK.Could you ring me back today?

f. Im afraid hes out of the office at the moment...

gIll look it up for you... Its 01 320 6745.

1) Fine. Im phoning to ask you about the Woodrow Group.2) Whos calling, please?

3) I cant tell you right now, but can look into it.4) Thompson Chemicals, good morning.5) Right. Ill ring again. Thanks a lot.6) Im afraid I havent got Steve Lesters number.7) Could I speak to Charles Williams?


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6.Here are some dialogues about fixing an appointment. Fill

in the missing words and phrases, choosing from those listed

below. (Two of the expressions are not used)

1. A: Hello. Id like to __________________ with Mrs Rush in the

Personnel Department. My name is Sydney Jones.

B: Yes, Mr Jones. Would 10.30 on Wednesday ?

A: That ___________ thank you.

2. A:Mr Smith? This is Tom Ronalds.

B:Oh, hello, Mr Ronalds. Nice to hear from you.A:______________to see if we can discuss a business proposition

that I wish to make.

B:I see. Can you be more specific?

A:Actually, _______________ we could meet somewhere and talk

about it. How about lunch today, if thats ___________________

B:Im afraid _______________ today. How about tomorrow?

A:Tomorrowll be fine. Lets say 12.30 at the French restaurant,shall we?

B:Yes, 12.30s OK. See you there.

A:Right. ________________ seeing you. Goodbye.

3. A:Mr Russell?

B:Oh, good morning, Mr Higgins.

A:Im ringing _____________ tomorrow. 2.15 at your office, asarranged?

B:2.15. Thats right.

A:Good. See you then. Goodbye.

4. A:Hello? Mr Murray? Im ringing for Mr Durham of Durham and

Associates. Hes_______________ but he wont be able to manage

Wednesday afternoon. Friday afternoon instead?


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B:__________my diary. Im afraid I cant _____________. I havesomecustomers visiting then.________change our meeeting toThursday afternoon?

A: Well, I think that should be all right, _______________ later onto confirm. Thank you. Goodbye.

a.very sorry j. very busyb.Im phoning k. I wonder ifc.make an appointment l. I look forward tod.I cant manage m. see youe.all right with you n. to confirm our meeting

f. Let me just get o. suit youg. make it on Friday p. I give you a callh. Perhaps we could q. Could I suggesti. would be fine r. This is Jim Higgins

Phrasal verbs

7. English has a lot ofphrasal verbs verbs that are combined

with prepositions to form new verbs with new meanings. Completethe sentences below with phrasal verbs. Choose a word from eachcolumn:

pin onis out

put offput offpencil forward

draw uplook intied with

bear upput throughcome down


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Example:Good morning. Could you put me through toextension 253, please?

1. Ive been trying to arrange a meeting with Mrs Carter for

weeks but shes a difficult woman to ________________

2. Im afraid I cant make this afternoons meeting. Somethingurgent has _______

3. Shall we ____________ next Tuesday? Ill check that Imfree with my secretary and give you a ring to confirm.

4.Tomorrows meeting ______________. Everyone seems to betoo busy doing other things.

5. Thats settled then. I ______________to seeing you on the15th.

6. Are you sure its convenient? I know youre very busy and Idont want to _______ you ________.

7. I think Mr Lees number has been changed. Could you________________ me a moment and Ill find the new list.

8.We only have a few permanent staff but there are a lot offreelance designers and consultants we can

________________ if we need ideas and advice.

9. She asked me to tell you shell be late. Shes _____________in a meeting with a client.

10. Theres an emergency at the Athens office. Youll have to____________ your trip to the States and fly out to itinstead.

GRAMMAR

The Present Tenses

Present Simple vs. Present Progressive

Form:

Present Simple: verb+s (IIIrd ps.sg.)

Present Progressive: aux. "to be + verb-ing

Present Simple is used for actions and situations which are

considered generally true, in order to present factual information, in


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2. Complete this dialogue appropriately, using verbs in thepresent progressive.

A Are you free next Wednesday?B No, sorry. Im afraid I1.A Well, I cant make it on Thursday so what about Friday?B In the morning I2... but in the afternoon I3. anything special.A Fine, thats OK by me.

3. Present simple or present progressive?

Which of these ideas do you associate with the present simple

and which with the present progressive ?

1. regular activities 6.permanent and factual situations2. temporary situations 7.a present arrangement for the future3. fixed timetables 8.mental states4. giving instructions 9.trends and changing situations5. an event in progress 10.doing by saying

4. Study these sentences and decide which example correspondsto each of 1-10 above.

a) Im replacing Bill because hes off sick.b) The scheduled flight leaves next Monday at 8.15 from JFK.c) The technician is mending the photocopier so you cant use it

right now.d) Im seeing Bill Williams tomorrow afternoon, Ive got it in

my diary.

e) The conference room measures 162 square metres.f ) I admit there has been a mistake.g) I understand they have gone bankrupt.h) Enter code number, select menu, press OK.i) With the Internet the world is getting smaller.

j)We have a planning meeting once a month.


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Present Perfect Simple vs. Present Perfect Progressive

Form:

Present Perfect Simple: have + IIIrd forme of the verb(past participe)

Present Perfect Continuous: have + been + v-ing

Present perfect simple is used when describing present results ofpast actions, when talking about life experiences, announcing news,with expressions referring to up to now, with for and since,when referring to an event in the future after when, as soon as.

Present Perfect Progressive is used when talking about actions inprogress for a period until now, about the effect of recent events orabout repeated actions.

E.g. This is the first time we have ever received a complaint.Ive already talked to Cristopher about it.He has been manager of the company for two years.Ive been reading your proposals.

Ive been trying to repair my car all afternoon.

5. Complete each of these sentences, using the presentperfect simple or progressive

a) How long (you/wait)?b) I (play) tennis four times this week.c) Look outside. It (rain); the pavements still wet.d) You look tired. I (drive) all day long.

e) I (know) John since we were at school together.f) The government (announce) a drop in unemployment.g) I (read) a book on negotiating skills but I dont think Ill

finish it.h) He (work) as a consultant for three different firms in the same

sector of activity; I think theres a conflict of interest and he shouldresign.

i) He (work) as a consultant for three different firms in the same

sector of activity, but was fired from the first two.


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UNIT 6

HIGHER EDUCATION AND CAREERS:

SPIRU HARET UNIVERSITY

Spiru Haret University-21st Century University- Established in

1991, today Spiru Haret University comprises 23 accreditedfaculties with over 43 specializations.Spiru Haret University has a complex structure which reflects

a diversity of specializations- from law, public administration andeconomic studies to architecture and veterinary medicine, from

philosophy, journalism, sociology and psychology to history andinternational relations, from mathematics and informatics to drama,music and physical education. But the most important aspect is thefact that in terms of the content of studies, teaching methodology, the

Faculties of Spiru Haret University have reached Europeanstandards .Students working for their first degree at our university arecalled undergraduates. When they take their degree we say that theygraduate and then they are called graduates. If they continue studyingat Spiru Haret University, after they have graduated, they are calledPost- graduates.

Spiru Haret University has made investments of over onehundred million US dollars.

Spiru Haret has a highly-educated staff the teaching qualityat Spiru Haret relies, first of all, on the activity of highly dedicated

professors with excellent methodological skills. Moreover, many ofthem are personalities well known nationally and internationally.Another aspect, just as important as the one mentioned above, is thefact that Spiru Haret has a permanent staff of professors, whichensures the continuity of teaching.

40 Postgraduate programmes The quality of the academic

staff, as well as the results obtained in teaching activities and scientific


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research, enabled Spiru Haret University to organize Postgraduatestudies beginning with the 2003-2004 academic year. The increasingnumber of graduates with very good results, alumni who, from one

year to the next, wanted to obtain a post graduate degree, resulted alsoin an increased number of Postgraduate programmes. Thus, during the2005-2006 academic year there were 40 Postgraduate programmeswithin the faculties of Spiru Haret University.

Distance Learning the education of the future. Beyond itsinfrastructure, however, what makes Spiru Haret a modern university isthe quality of the educational system and its orientation towards thefuture. Thus, besides traditional forms of teaching, Spiru Haret has also

introduced distance learning. The fact that at Spiru Haret Universitydistance learning is not a mere trifle is proven by its own TV channel. Anational, cultural and academic television station that broadcasts live andrecorded lectures, debates, syntheses and seminars, TVRM represents amajor advantage that Spiru Haret University has in promoting distancelearning, a form of attendance that has come up to a standard of EUcountries.To the young people who choose to attend one of ourfaculties and specializations we only wish them good luck with theexams, as Spiru Haret University is a guarantee for their success in life.

The long, medium and short term objectives set by Spiru HaretUniversity and Romanias Tomorrow Foundations are meant to add newdimensions to our academic community. They regard the fulfillment ofhigh quality cultural tasks and the improvement of a kind of educationalsystem whose essential attributes should be modernity andcompetitiveness, dynamism and flexibility, so as to adequately andefficiently meet the requirements raised by the integration of Romanianhigher education into the European higher education and research area.

(Adapted from Monitorul Oficial Official Bulletin, July 2002)


1) In pairs decide whether the following statements are True (T)or False (F):

a)Today, Spiru Haret University comprises 23 accredited

faculties with over 43 specializations.


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b) The University was founded in 1993.c)Spiru Haret University has a complex structure which

reflects a large diversity of specializations.

d)The University organizes post-graduate studies for its alumni.e)Spiru Haret University has made investments of over

one hundred million pounds.f) Besides traditional forms of teaching, the University has

also introduced distance learning.

2) Answer the following questions about Spiru HaretUniversity:

a)How many accredited faculties and specializations doesSpiru Haret University include today?

b)What specializations does the structure of the Universityinclude?

c)How can you describe the academic staff of the SpiruHaret University?

d)What kind of Postgraduate programmes does theUniversity organize for its alumni?

e)How many Postgraduate programmes are organized bythe University in the academic year 2005-2006?

f) How can you describe the distance learning promoted bythe Spiru Haret University?

3) a) Match the abbreviations on the left to the full form onthe right:

1) B Sc A. Doctor of Philosophy2) BA B. Very Important Person3) PhD C. Master of Arts4) MA D. Bachelor of Arts5) M Phil E. Master of Philosophy6) VIP F. Bachelor in Science


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3) b) Can you write some more abbreviations and give theirfull form?

READING: HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN

There are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirtypolytechnics, plus 350 colleges and institutes of higher education.Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study,although a number of subjects take longer, including medicine,architecture and foreign languages (where courses include a yearabroad). They lead in most cases to a Bachelors degree in Arts or

Science (BA or BSc). Students of law, architecture and some otherprofessions can take qualifications that are awarded by their ownprofessional bodies instead of degrees. There are various postgraduatedegrees, including Master of Arts or Philosophy (MA or MPhil) andDoctor of Philosophy (PhD). Universities accept students mainly onthe basis of their A levels, although they may interview them aswell. At present, students who have been accepted by Universities orother institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local

authority, which covers the cost of the course, and may cover livingexpenses, books travel, although parents with higher incomes areexpected to make a contribution. Before 1990 the grant was paid back,

but since then a system of loans has been introduced.(Adapted from Britain Explored, Longman, 1998)

4) Complete the chart. Then compare the educational systemin UK or the USA with the educational system in Romania:

UK USA RomaniaCoursesDegreesAdmissionTuition feesConcern


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GRAMMAR

Tenses- part two:

Past section (past tenses simple and continuous and past perfect)

Read the following model and examples:

*The Past Tense Simple- an action finished in a specified pastmoment; e.g: I went to the University yesterday/ last week/ three days ago.

Past questions and Negatives : Did you go to the Universityyesterday?

Yes, I did/ No, I didnt (short answers)I didnt go to the University yesterday

Regular Verbs: work-worked; try-tried,etc.Irregular Verbs: do-did; write-wrote, etc.

1) Use the following verbs to complete the sentences. Some ofthe sentences are positive statements, some are negative, and some

are questions. The first sentence has been done for you.accept; complain; hire; place; realize; study; visit

a) Oh, Im sorry to disturb you. I didnt realize you had a visitor.b).you..economics when you were at the university?c)Last week a number of customers..about slow serviced).you..the Acropolis when you were in Greece?e) I am writing with reference to the order. I..with you last weekf) At last years lunch party, whoyou.to do the catering?

2) Complete the following passage by putting the verbs intothe Past Tense Simple. Pay attention to the Irregular Verbs. The

first one has been done for you.

After the second World War, Akio Morita, co-founder of Sony(1), joined (join) forces with a friend, Masaru Ibuka. Both men(2).(know) a great deal about telecommunications, so they(3).(use) all their money, about 100 pounds, and (4).(set) up asmall engineering company, Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo. They (5).(find)

a small broken- down building to use as a laboratory in Tokyo. There


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(6)..(be) so many holes in the roof that when it (7).(rain), they(8)..(have) to continue working under umbrellas.

Their first task (9).(be) to decide what to make. They

(10).(not want) to make radios because of the competition frommuch larger companies. Instead, they (11)..(decide) to create anentirely new product, a tape recorder. They (12)..(succeed) inmaking a machine, but unfortunately they (13)..(not have) any tape,and they (14).(not know) how to produce it.

So they (15).(start) to experiment, and (16)(try) using anumber of different materials. Finally, they (17).(make) a

breakthrough. They (18).(cut) up strips of paper to make a reel, and

(19).(paint) them with a magnetic material that they (20)(heat) ona frying pan in their small room. It (21).(work), and they gradually(22)(improve) the process. In 1950, they (23).(begin) trying tosell their revolutionary machine.

And the rest is history!

(Adapted from Oxford Business English- Grammar& Practiceby Michael Duckworth)

* The Past Tense Continuous an action taking place at acertain past moment or interrupted by another past one; Subject+was/were+ verb+ the suffix-ing; e.g.: I was working at a new projectat this time yesterday; or: He was writing his essay when the phonerang.

3) Choose the correct past tense form in the following sentences:

I (1) met/ was meeting an old business colleague of mine while I

(2) travelled/ was travelling to New York for a conference. She (3)noticed/ was noticing me while I (4) stood/ was standing in the queueat the airport check-in desk. We decided to travel together, and whilewe (5) waited/ were waiting for the flight to leave, we (6) realized/were realizing that we were going to the same conference and stayingat the same hotel. We talked about old times, and while we (7) had/were having lunch on the plane, she (8) said/ was saying that she wasgoing to look for a new job. I didnt think of it at the time, but later on

when the plane (9) came/ was coming in to the land, I suddenly (10)


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remember we had a vacancy for a lawyer. I told her about the termsand conditions, and later that evening, when we (11) had/ were havingdinner, she (12) accepted/ was accepting the position.

(Adapted from Oxford Business English- Grammar& Practiceby Michael Duckworth)

The Past Perfect Simple a past action before another pastone;

Subject+ Had+ Verb (3rd form)

E.g.: When we arrived at the University, the courses had(already) begun.

In questions: Had you seen the Dean when you were at theUniversity?Yes, I had/ No, I hadnt (short answers)At the negative: No, I hadnt seen the Dean whenI was at the University.

4) Put the verbs in brackets at the pastperfect simple tenseaccording to the following example:

When he arrived at the faculty, the professor had (already) started theseminar.

a) The referee didnt whistle the beginning of the game until allfootball players (gather).

b) By the time the coach (give) us all the training instructions,the last member of the team arrived.

c) After we (play) hard, we won.

d) As soon as I (finish) my breakfast, I went to the stadium.e) Mother told me she (break) the new vase.

f) I (invite) my friends to come for dinner.

g) When they (finish) their lunch, the waitress took the dishesaway.

h) The course (begin) when the student arrived at the University.


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5) Complete the sentences by putting the verbs at the rightpast tense. The first example has been done for you:

a) Did you manage to see the Director, or had he gone (he/ go)by the time you got there?b) I couldnt get into the office yesterday morning because I

(leave) my keys at home.c) We could not call our new low-fat spread Mono, because one

of our competitors (already/ choose) the name.

d) I found out about the vacancy too late. When my application

form arrived, they (appoint) someone else.

e) By the time he sold off the shares, his original investment(grow) by 80%.

f) He found his first few weeks at the new company very

difficult because he (not/ study) accountancy before.

g) When I got back to the office, I was surprised to hear that the

manager (put) someone else in charge of my main project.

h) The bank returned the cheque to me because I (not/ sign) it.

6) Complete the following sentences using past perfectaccording to the example:

a) She found working from 9 to 5 very difficult because

she had never had a full-time job before.

b) The company decided to take legal action because..

c) The company was forced to pay a fine to the tax authorities

because...

d) My trip to the airport to collect Mr. Jones was a waste of

time. When I got there I found that

.

e) She was not worried when the stock market fell because

....

f) I went to my office as soon as I heard that.

..


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UNIT 7

EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP

The European Union (EU) is an intergovernmental andsupranational union of 25 democratic member states from theEuropean continent. The European Union was established under that

name in 1992 by the Treaty of Maastricht. However many aspects ofthe Union existed before that date through a series of predecessorrelationships, dating back to 1951.

The Union nowadays has a common single market consisting ofa free flow of goods, persons and capital, a customs union, a singlecurrency managed by the European Central Bank (so far adopted by12 of the 25 member states), a common Agricultural Policy, acommon trade. The SchengenAgreement abolished passport control,

and customs checks were also abolished at many of the EUs internalborders, creating a single space of mobility for EU citizens to live,

1. niculescu a, the language of business, 2007

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