1 national testing of pupils in europe: objectives, organisation and use of results eurydice: i...
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National Testing of Pupils in Europe:
Objectives, Organisation and
Use of Results
Eurydice: i sistemi educativi europei al traguardo del 2010 25 September 2009, MIUR, Rome
Teodora Parveva
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Presentation :
Scope of the report
Main findings
Issues for policy discussion
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National Testing of Pupils in Europe
• Definition of national testing
• ISCED levels 1 and 2
• Reference year 2008/09
• Three chapters1. Historical context
2. Objectives and organisation of tests
3. Use of test results
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National testing of pupils in Europe1. Historical context
1. Historical context• Originally for certification
• Expansion since the 1990s linked to school autonomy, decentralisation, efforts to improve the quality of education
• 2008/09: - no national tests: BE (de), CZ, EL, WLS, LI
- not all tests fully implemented: BG, DK, DE, IT, CY, ES, AT
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National testing of pupils in Europe2. Objectives and organisation
2. 1. Main objectives of national tests
• Most often high stakes decisions or monitoring
• Less common identification of learning needs
• Usually one test has several objectives
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National testing of pupils in Europe2. Objectives and organisation
Main objectives of national tests, ISCED levels 1 and 2, 2008/09
Taking decisions about the school career of pupils
Monitoring schools and/or the
educational system
Identifying individual learning
needs
x = No national tests
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National testing of pupils in Europe2. Objectives and organisation
2.2. Organisation of national tests
Whole cohort or sample Frequency and timing Tested subjects Responsible bodies
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National testing of pupils in Europe3. Use of test results
3. Use of test results with regard to:
individual pupils school-level policy national education policy
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National testing of pupils in Europe3. Use of test results
Use of results for individual pupil’s school career, ISCED levels 1 and 2, 2008/09
Certification
Streaming
Progression to the next stage
No national tests or no impact on the pupil’s school career
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National testing of pupils in Europe3. Use of test results
Use of test results to improve school policy:
• In most countries schools receive data for comparision with the national average + other schools
• Improvement strategies are usually left up to schools
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National testing of pupils in Europe3. Use of test results
A minority of countries:
• Take account of test results in school evaluation
• Publish aggregated data for each school
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National testing of pupils in Europe2. Objectives and organisation
Use of test results in school evaluation, ISCED levels 1 and 2, 2008/09
A. Test results used in external evaluation
B. Recommendations for the use of test results in internal evaluation
No A and no B
No national tests
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National testing of pupils in Europe3. Use of test results
Publication of individual schools’ results in national tests, ISCED levels 1 and 2, 2008/09
Publication organised, or required of schools, by central/local government
Publication at the discretion of schools
No publication
No national tests
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National testing of pupils in Europe3. Use of test results
Use of test results by national governments
• Reports on the state of the education system
• Measures to address disparities between schools or poor national performance
• Reforms of study programmes or continuing professional development programmes
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National testing of pupils in EuropeSummary
• Three national tests during compulsory education
• Tests serve several purposes
• Participation of whole cohort
• Organised by an agency
• Results rarely published or used for school evaluation
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National testing of pupils in EuropePolicy issues for discussion
• Single or multiple objectives• Use of combination of assessment
instruments• Need for performance data vs risk of
over-testing• Possible narrowing of curricula• How to test skills, not only content• Assessment as part of the learning process