8/14/2019 1. Nasopharynx: Superior to the Soft Palate and Posterior To

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-nasopharynx-superior-to-the-soft-palate-and-posterior-to 1/2

Pharynx

1. Nasopharynx: superior to the soft palate and posterior to the nasal cavity.

2. Soft Palate.

3. Nasal Cavity.

4. Opening of the pharyngotympanic (auditory or

Eustachian) tube: lateral wall of the nasopharynx.

Behind it lays the tubal tonsil.

5. Torus tubarius (tubal elevation): a cartilages

 prominence of the auditory tube lying superior to

(4). Behind it laterally there is a small depression

called the pharyngeal recess.

6. Salpingopharyngeal fold: extends from the torus

tubarius and covers the salpingopharyngeus muscle.

7. Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids): immediately

 posterior and superior to the torus tubarius on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.8. Levator veli palatini muscle.

9. Tensor veli palatini muscle.

10. Ascending palatine branch of the facial artery:

 between the levator veli palatini muscle and the

tensor veli palatini muscle.

11. Oropharynx: between soft palate and epiglottis.

12. Epiglottis: leaf-shaped elastic cartilage situated

 behind the root of the tongue.

13. Palatoglossal fold: anterior lateral mucosa fold in the

oropharynx, it covers the palatoglossus Ms.

14. Palatopharyngeal fold: posterior lateral mucosal foldin the oropharynx, it covers the palatopharyngeus Ms.

15. Palatine tonsil: between the 2 folds (palatoglossal fold

& palatopharyngeal fold) and it lies in the tonsillar sinus.

16. Lingual tonsil: present at the base of the tongue.

17. Vallecula: a depression between the base of the tongue (posterior to it) and the anterior surface of 

the epiglottis.

18. Median glossoepiglottic fold: divides the vallecula into

right and left parts.

19. Lateral glossoepiglottic folds

20. Laryngopharynx: extends from the entrance of the

larynx to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage.21. Aryepiglottic fold: between the epiglottis and the

cricoid cartilage.

22. Piriform recess: lateral sides of the larynx. It is

 bounded medially by the aryepiglottic fold, and

laterally by the thyroid cartilage and the thyrohyoid

membrane.

23. Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

24. Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

25. Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle: its lower fibers are sometimes called the Cricopharyngeus

muscle.

26. Median pharyngeal raphe: a fibrous septum located in the midline on the posterior wall of the pharynx and attaches superiorly to the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone.

  http://ksu-medical.0catch.com®

1

8/14/2019 1. Nasopharynx: Superior to the Soft Palate and Posterior To

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-nasopharynx-superior-to-the-soft-palate-and-posterior-to 2/2

27. Stylopharyngeus muscle.

28. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CIX): runs on the

stylopharyngeus muscle.

29. Pharyngeal isthmus: opening in the floor of the

nasopharynx between the free edges of the soft palate

and the posterior pharyngeal wall.30. Oropharyngeal isthmus: opening between the

mouth and the oral pharynx.

• Nerve Supply:a) Motor nerve supply: 

i. Cranial part of the accessory nerve:

through the vagus nerve in the

 pharyngeal plexus to all muscles of the pharynx.

ii. Glossopharyngeal nerve: supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle.

b) Sensory nerve supply:

i. Maxillary: Mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.

ii. Glossopharyngeal nerve: mucous membrane of the oral pharynx.

iii. Internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve: mucous membrane around the entrance into the

larynx.

• Blood Supply:a) Arterial supply: the pharynx is supplied by branches of…

i.  Ascending pharyngeal .

ii.  Ascending palatine.iii. Facial .

iv. Maxillary.

v.  Lingual . b) Venous drainage: the veins drain into the pharyngeal venous plexus  internal  jugular vein.

• Lymph Drainage:a) Directly: deep cervical lymph nodes.

 b) Indirectly: via the retropharyngeal or  paratracheal nodes to the deep cervical

lymph nodes.

  http://ksu-medical.0catch.com®

2