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Naples Tiger Sharks Naples Tiger Sharks Official’s ClinicOfficial’s Clinic

“EFSL COMPETITIVE SWIMMING”“EFSL COMPETITIVE SWIMMING”

Neil Higgins – Southern Division / Neil Higgins – Southern Division / NPS Head OfficialNPS Head Official

31 August 201131 August 2011

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Bottomline - why do we have rules?Bottomline - why do we have rules?

To provide fair and To provide fair and equitable conditions of equitable conditions of competition against a competition against a

known standardknown standard

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GeneralitiesGeneralities• Well run meets and good results are directly related to Well run meets and good results are directly related to

good officiatinggood officiating• Dress accordingly - Dress accordingly - blue shorts & whiteblue shorts & white collar shirt collar shirt• Remember that swimmers have worked hard to achieve Remember that swimmers have worked hard to achieve

their success and deserve fair and equitable competitiontheir success and deserve fair and equitable competition• Rules have to be applied intelligently at all times, using Rules have to be applied intelligently at all times, using

common sense and good judgementcommon sense and good judgement• Fairness to all competitors giving the Fairness to all competitors giving the ‘Benefit of the ‘Benefit of the

Doubt’,Doubt’, in every instance, to the swimmer in every instance, to the swimmer• We are not here to disqualify, but to ensure We are not here to disqualify, but to ensure fair, fair,

consistent and equitableconsistent and equitable decisions decisions• FINA Swim Suit rule changeFINA Swim Suit rule change• Do not be afraid to Do not be afraid to ask questionsask questions if you do not know if you do not know

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Basic Concepts Basic Concepts Part 1Part 1

Take officiating seriously Take officiating seriously Work regularly at the jobWork regularly at the job Be professional Be professional Know DisabilitiesKnow Disabilities

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Take officiating seriously Take officiating seriously and work hard at itand work hard at it

• Study the rule bookStudy the rule book• Uniformly interpret and apply rulesUniformly interpret and apply rules• Call violationsCall violations as you see it as you see it• Be Be fair and consistentfair and consistent• Disregard team affiliationDisregard team affiliation• Exercise good judgmentExercise good judgment

Officials owe the swimmers correctness, Officials owe the swimmers correctness, fairness and courtesy!fairness and courtesy!

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Work regularly at the jobWork regularly at the job

• Attend training sessions (Annual Refresher)Attend training sessions (Annual Refresher)• Officials need practiceOfficials need practice• Working regularly Working regularly builds confidencebuilds confidence• Keep up with Keep up with rule changesrule changes and new and new

interpretationsinterpretations• There is no substitute for experienceThere is no substitute for experience

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Be professional in your dutiesBe professional in your duties

• Fairness to all competitors shall dictate Fairness to all competitors shall dictate actionsactions

• You will get wet….don’t be surprised!You will get wet….don’t be surprised!• Make decisionsMake decisions quickly and decisively quickly and decisively• Avoid coaching swimmersAvoid coaching swimmers• Refrain from cheeringRefrain from cheering• Admit mistakesAdmit mistakes if wrong if wrong • Do not smoke or eat on deckDo not smoke or eat on deck

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DisabilitiesDisabilities

• Judge Judge in accordancein accordance with with rules - rules - Art 105Art 105• Do not judge a part of the body that cannot Do not judge a part of the body that cannot

be usedbe used• Base your judgment on Base your judgment on actual rulesactual rules, not the , not the

swimmers techniqueswimmers technique

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STROKES

• Freestyle• Backstroke

• Breaststroke• Butterfly

• Individual Medley• Medley Relay

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FREESTYLEFREESTYLEStart - Forward Start

Body Position - No restriction upon body position, except… if submerged at start, turns, head must break the water surface by the 15 meter mark

Stroke - Any stroke style may be used

Kick - Any kick style may be used

Turn / Finish:• Sculling back is permitted• Any part of the body may touch the end of the racing

course

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BACKSTROKEBACKSTROKE(1 of 2)(1 of 2)

Start • Start in the water with back to the course• Feet or toes may NOT be in or bent over the edge of the gutter • Feet above water is authorized!!• Hands placed on gutter or on the starting grips!!

Body Position• Must swim “on the back”, except for turns• Head must break the water surface by the 15 meter mark at the start and after every turn

Stroke - Any stroke style may be used

Kick - Any kick style may be used

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BACKSTROKEBACKSTROKE(2 of 2)(2 of 2)

Turns: • Upon completion of each length, some part of the swimmer must touch the wall* During the turn, the shoulders may be turned past the vertical toward the breast after which a continuous single arm pull or a continuous simultaneous double arm pull may be used to execute the turn…..GLIDING IS GLIDING IS PROHIBITED !!!!PROHIBITED !!!!• The swimmer must have returned to a position on the back upon leaving the wall.

Finish: • Upon the finish of the race, the swimmer must touch the wall while on the back• Swimmer may NOT be completely submerged!!

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Start – Forward start

Body Position:• Must swim “on the breast”• Head must break the water surface before hands turn inward at

widest part of second stroke

Stroke:• Arms shall move simultaneously and in same horizontal plane, not

alternating• The hands shall not be brought back beyond the hip line, except

during the first stroke after the start and each turn• The stroke cycle must be one arm stroke and one leg kick in that

order • After the start and after each turn, the swimmer may take one arm

stroke completely back to the legs• Head must break surface during each “stroke cycle”

BREASTSTROKEBREASTSTROKE

(1 of 2)(1 of 2)

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BREASTSTROKEBREASTSTROKE

(2 of 2)(2 of 2)Kick:• Feet turned out• Scissors, flutter or downward butterfly kick NOT permitted with exception

Turn:• Touch both hands simultaneously at, above or below water surface • Head may be submerged at turn or finish• Turn any manner however, must be on breast off wall• Submerged: 1st stroke below hipline - OK• 2nd stroke - head breaks surface before hands inward• On Start or at turns the first arm pull must be started prior to commencement of

the dolphin kick • A single dolphin kick followed by a Breaststroke kick is permitted while fully

submerged• Last stroke - elbows may go above water surface

Finish:• Touch wall with both hands simultaneously at, above or below the water

surface• Elbows may go above water surface

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BUTTERFLY(1 of 2)

Start:• Forward start• On breast - Side-kicking allowed under water• <15 m submerged before breaking the surface of the water

Stroke:• On breast• One or more leg kicks, but only one arm pull under water which must

bring swimmer to the surface • Both arms forward over the surface and back simultaneously• Arms may scrape the top of the water as they come forward (may hit

waves and create splashes)• The hands and wrists must be out of the water

Turn: • Touch w/both hands simultaneously at, above, or below water surface• Turn in any manner• Head must break the water surface by the 15 meter mark

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BUTTERFLY(2 of 2)

Kick:• Legs & feet simultaneously (vertically) - no scissors or

breaststroke kick

Finish: Touch wall with both hands simultaneously at, above, or below the water surface

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INDIVIDUAL MEDLEYINDIVIDUAL MEDLEYStart: • Forward start• <15 m submerged for Butterfly, Back, & Free

Stroke:• Butterfly, Back, Breast, Free order• Same rules apply to stroke being swum• Freestyle cannot be fly, breast, or backstroke

Turn:• Wall must be touched in manner prescribed for finish

by stroke being swum• Backstroke must finish on back

Finish: • Touch wall any manner, any part of the body

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MEDLEY RELAYMEDLEY RELAY

• Back, Breast, Butterfly, Free order• Must surface at 15 meter mark for strokes• Same rules apply to stroke being swum• Freestyle cannot be fly, breast, or backstroke• No swimmer shall swim more than 1-leg in race• Swimmer other than 1st swimmer shall not start until

teammate has concluded his leg (HO/Starter/TO Judge)

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Official’s DQ Codes 2010-2011

Butterfly1A Alternating Kick1B Kick breaststroke type1C Scissors kick1E Non-simultaneous arms1F Arms underwater recovery1G Did not bring arms forward “over” water1J One hand touch1K No touch1L Non-simultaneous touch1M Shoulders not at or past vertical towards breast off the wall1N Head did not break the surface by 15 meters1O More than one arm pull under water after start or turn

Backstroke2I No touch at turn2J Non-continuous turning action2K Not on back off wall2L Shoulders past vertical toward breast2N Head did not break the surface by 15 meters2P Toes curled over gutter after the start

Freestyle4K No touch on turn4N Head did not break the surface by 15 meters

EFSL DQ CodesEFSL DQ CodesBreaststroke3A Alternating Kick3B Non-simultaneous kick3C Downward butterfly kick3D Scissors kick / Feet not turned out3E Hands brought beyond the hipline 3F Non-simultaneous arms3G Arms two strokes underwater at start or after turn3H Arms not in same horizontal plane3I Elbows recovered “over” water3J One hand touch3K No touch3L Non-simultaneous touch3M Shoulders not at or past vertical towards breast off the wall3P Head under for 2 or more strokes3Q Incomplete stroke cycle other than one pull followed by one kick

Relay (BK / BRST / FLY / FR)61 Stroke Infraction swimmer #162 Stroke Infraction swimmer #263 Stroke Infraction swimmer #364 Stroke Infraction swimmer #466 Early take-off swimmer #267 Early take-off swimmer #368 Early take-off swimmer #46P Changed order of swimmers6Q Not enough swimmers

IM5P Strokes out of sequence – (Fly / Back / Breast / Free)5Q Freestyle swum as backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly

Miscellaneous7N Swimmer made use of aids7O False start7P Declared false start7Q Did not finish7R Delay of meet7S Entered water without permission7T Interfered with another swimmer7U Walking on or springing from bottom7V Standing on bottom7W Pulling on lane line7X Finish in wrong lane7Y Unsportsmanlike conduct7Z No Show

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Basic Concepts Basic Concepts Part 2Part 2

Mental TrapsMental Traps DisqualificationsDisqualifications DQ ProcedureDQ Procedure Starter MiscellaneousStarter Miscellaneous

False StartsFalse Starts RefereeReferee During the MeetDuring the Meet After the MeetAfter the Meet

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Mental TrapsMental TrapsLead to poor or sloppy judgments!Lead to poor or sloppy judgments!

• Twice theory: “I must see it twice.” - No!Twice theory: “I must see it twice.” - No!• We do not disqualify 8&U..…WRONG!We do not disqualify 8&U..…WRONG!• Do not infer or extrapolateDo not infer or extrapolate• Ugly or unusual is NOT inevitably illegalUgly or unusual is NOT inevitably illegal

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Tim

ers

Spectators

NAPLES TIGER SHARKSSOUTHERN DIVISIONALS

18 JAN 2009

MarshallingWindow - Airfield Window - Airfield

Starter

HO

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DisqualificationDisqualification

(1 of 2)(1 of 2)

• Can be made only by the official in whose Can be made only by the official in whose Jurisdiction Jurisdiction the infraction has been made – See Pool Layout Slidethe infraction has been made – See Pool Layout Slide

• Must be made on personal observationMust be made on personal observation• Disregard the opinion of others and team affiliationDisregard the opinion of others and team affiliation• Be sure Be sure violation occurredviolation occurred and and be prepared to explain it!be prepared to explain it! • Give the swimmer the benefit of any doubt!Give the swimmer the benefit of any doubt!• Unsafe/unsportsmanlike conduct must be reported to Unsafe/unsportsmanlike conduct must be reported to

the Referee (disciplinary action)the Referee (disciplinary action)• Report swimming across lanes (Report swimming across lanes (swimmer must start and swimmer must start and

finishfinish in the same lane) in the same lane)

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DisqualificationDisqualification

(2 of 2)(2 of 2)

• Standing on the pool’s bottom, except freestyle (Standing on the pool’s bottom, except freestyle (cannot cannot step, walk or springstep, walk or spring))

• A swimmer not entered in a race who enters the pool or A swimmer not entered in a race who enters the pool or course before all swimmers have completed the race course before all swimmers have completed the race shall be barredshall be barred from the next individual event on that day from the next individual event on that day (Referee’s discretion)(Referee’s discretion)

• Not permissible Not permissible to wear or use any device or substanceto wear or use any device or substance to help speed or buoyancy during race (e.g., excessive to help speed or buoyancy during race (e.g., excessive use of oil or grease)use of oil or grease)

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Disqualification: Relays Disqualification: Relays

• No swimmer shall swim more than one leg in any relayNo swimmer shall swim more than one leg in any relay

• Proper Proper sequence of strokessequence of strokes - Medley relay order: - Medley relay order: Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly, FreestyleBackstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly, Freestyle

• A swimmer other than the first swimmer shall not start A swimmer other than the first swimmer shall not start until his teammate has until his teammate has concluded his legconcluded his leg (Dual (Dual jurisdiction)jurisdiction)

• Any relay team member and his relay team shall be Any relay team member and his relay team shall be disqualified if a team member, designated to swim that disqualified if a team member, designated to swim that leg, leg, shall jump into or enter the poolshall jump into or enter the pool before all swimmers before all swimmers of all teams have finished the race of all teams have finished the race

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Deliberate Delay or MisconductDeliberate Delay or Misconduct

Any swimmer may be disqualified from an event:Any swimmer may be disqualified from an event:• Who Who delays the startdelays the start by entering the water by entering the water • Willfully or deliberately disobeying a command to step Willfully or deliberately disobeying a command to step

on the blocks or to take a starting positionon the blocks or to take a starting position• For any other For any other misconductmisconduct taking place at the start taking place at the start • The Referee shall disqualify a swimmer who The Referee shall disqualify a swimmer who fails to fails to

appearappear at the starting platform ready to swim in time at the starting platform ready to swim in time for the initial start of his|her heat.for the initial start of his|her heat.

– Such disqualification shall not charged as a false Such disqualification shall not charged as a false start.start.

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DQ Procedure DQ Procedure • Call the violationCall the violation – – raise the armraise the arm or the DQ is not valid!!! or the DQ is not valid!!!

(apply simple test, doubt, mental traps, you can also (apply simple test, doubt, mental traps, you can also change your mind)change your mind)

• Other S&T Official covers down on vacant positionOther S&T Official covers down on vacant position

• Proceed behind timerProceed behind timer (Mark card front in (Mark card front in REDRED with with /, /, DQ.DQ. Back: Back: DQ Code, Explanation,Time & InitialsDQ Code, Explanation,Time & Initials))

• Tell the swimmer Tell the swimmer (“Good job but you are DQ’ed in this (“Good job but you are DQ’ed in this race because..., race because..., Go and tell your coachGo and tell your coach”)”)

• Submit cardSubmit card (to Referee for (to Referee for review / initialsreview / initials) (Some pools ) (Some pools use “runners” to submit cards)use “runners” to submit cards)

• Get Get back to your positionback to your position immediately immediately

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Swimmer: Doug Vaughn ID #: SMIT12345613 - 14 Boys 100m Breaststroke

Event: 39 Heat: 5 Lane: 3

Time 1 Time 2 Time 3

DQ ProcedureDQ Procedure

DQ

1:28.84 1:29.18 1:27.56

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DQ ProcedureDQ Procedure-Back of card--Back of card-

3E - Hands below waistline Hipline

NAH - HO

TAM – S&T

1315

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Starter Starter

One of the most important roles on deck: Ensure all One of the most important roles on deck: Ensure all swimmers get a fair start!swimmers get a fair start!

PreparationPreparation::• Review and be familiar with Review and be familiar with rules and schedulerules and schedule of events. of events.• Familiarize yourself with guidelines and rules for officiating Familiarize yourself with guidelines and rules for officiating

swimmers with disabilities.swimmers with disabilities.• Check & be Check & be familiar with equipmentfamiliar with equipment: whistle, pistol, electronic-: whistle, pistol, electronic-

starter, false start rope, etc. starter, false start rope, etc. Electronic strobeElectronic strobe signal visible to all signal visible to all manual timers manual timers

• Find best position for you, and relay take-off judge (if being used)Find best position for you, and relay take-off judge (if being used)• Warning Signals - With the exception of relays, in events Warning Signals - With the exception of relays, in events 400 400

MetersMeters or longer or longer

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Procedures:Procedures:

• Any swimmer Any swimmer starting before the starting signalstarting before the starting signal is given shall be disqualified is given shall be disqualified if the Referee independently observes and confirms Starter´s observation if the Referee independently observes and confirms Starter´s observation that a violation occurredthat a violation occurred

• Swimmers remaining on the starting blocks shall be relieved from their Swimmers remaining on the starting blocks shall be relieved from their starting positions with the starting positions with the “Stand up”“Stand up” command and may step off the blocks command and may step off the blocks

• The Starter shall restart the race upon signal given by the RefereeThe Starter shall restart the race upon signal given by the Referee• Should a Should a swimmer fall inswimmer fall in and the stand-up command is given, and the stand-up command is given, the swimmer the swimmer

may be permitted to swim the event w/the understanding the may be permitted to swim the event w/the understanding the DQ will be DQ will be written upwritten up

• If the starting signal has been given before the disqualification is declared, If the starting signal has been given before the disqualification is declared, the race shall continue without recall the race shall continue without recall

• If the If the violation occurredviolation occurred, the swimmer or swimmers who have false started , the swimmer or swimmers who have false started shall be disqualifiedshall be disqualified upon completion of the race upon completion of the race

False Starts (1 of 3)False Starts (1 of 3)

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Procedures:Procedures:

• If the recall signal is activated inadvertently, no swimmer shall be charged with a If the recall signal is activated inadvertently, no swimmer shall be charged with a false start false start

• A swimmer who would otherwise be charged with a false start may be A swimmer who would otherwise be charged with a false start may be relieved relieved of the chargeof the charge if the false start was caused by the swimmer´s reaction to the if the false start was caused by the swimmer´s reaction to the “stand up” command.“stand up” command.

• Enforcement of the Enforcement of the correct starting positioncorrect starting position is the responsibility of the Starter is the responsibility of the Starter• Swimmers will be disqualified for Swimmers will be disqualified for “rocking or any slight movement”“rocking or any slight movement” on the on the

starting blocks after the command – “Take your Mark” starting blocks after the command – “Take your Mark” • Declared false start: - swimmers reporting to the Referee prior to the start of Declared false start: - swimmers reporting to the Referee prior to the start of

their race and declaring that their intent their race and declaring that their intent not to competenot to compete will be disqualified will be disqualified• Both the Starter and Referree will Both the Starter and Referree will confer that a violation has occuredconfer that a violation has occured before before

disqualifying a swimmer disqualifying a swimmer • Recall proceduresRecall procedures must be made prior to the start of the swim meet! must be made prior to the start of the swim meet!• Relay ExchangeRelay Exchange – both the Starter and Referre (or exchange officials) must – both the Starter and Referre (or exchange officials) must

watch carefully – See picwatch carefully – See pic

False Starts (2 of 3)False Starts (2 of 3)

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False Starts (3 of 3)False Starts (3 of 3)

Head Official / Starter – DQ or No DQ? Are photos / videos permitted to identify possible violation? NO – Photo appears to be legal however, on deck decision by

HO/ST will have the final ruling!!

End state - both the Head Official & Starter will End state - both the Head Official & Starter will confer that a violation has occured!!confer that a violation has occured!!

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RefereeReferee

• Before the meetBefore the meet - See the meet manager, the  - See the meet manager, the administrative referee, the statistician …administrative referee, the statistician …

• Controls pool, configuration, safety, security, Controls pool, configuration, safety, security, equipment, etc…equipment, etc…

• Brief the Coaches, Meet Director, Timers, Stroke Brief the Coaches, Meet Director, Timers, Stroke and Turn Judges & Shadows and Starterand Turn Judges & Shadows and Starter

• Start and STAY on SCHEDULE – families are traveling!!

• Referee Solve protests immediately (if possible)

RUNS THE MEET!Know the rules - Use “Common Sense.”

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Procedures:Procedures:

• Referee shall signal to the swimmers by a Referee shall signal to the swimmers by a short series of whistlesshort series of whistles • Followed by a Followed by a long whistlelong whistle indicating that they should take and maintain indicating that they should take and maintain

their positions on the starting platform, the deck, or in the watertheir positions on the starting platform, the deck, or in the water• In backstroke and medley relay events:In backstroke and medley relay events:

– at the Referee’s first long whistle, the swimmers shall immediately at the Referee’s first long whistle, the swimmers shall immediately enter the water enter the water

– Second long whistle shall return without undue delay to the starting Second long whistle shall return without undue delay to the starting positionposition

• Referee shall signal with an Referee shall signal with an outstretched armoutstretched arm to the Starter that the to the Starter that the swimmers are under the Starter’s controlswimmers are under the Starter’s control

• On the Starter’s command On the Starter’s command “Take Your Mark”,“Take Your Mark”, the swimmers shall the swimmers shall immediately assume their starting position, in the forward start, with at immediately assume their starting position, in the forward start, with at least least one foot at the frontone foot at the front of the starting platform or the deck of the starting platform or the deck

Meet Procedures (1 of 2)Meet Procedures (1 of 2)

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Meet Procedures (2 of 2)Meet Procedures (2 of 2)Procedures:Procedures:

• Swimmers starting in the water must have at leastSwimmers starting in the water must have at leastone hand in contactone hand in contact with the wall or starting platform with the wall or starting platform• When When all swimmers are stationaryall swimmers are stationary, the starter shall give the , the starter shall give the starting signal.starting signal.• One start rule - Do not recall unless it is the Starter’s One start rule - Do not recall unless it is the Starter’s technical error or outside influence (e.g., air horn in the technical error or outside influence (e.g., air horn in the stands).stands).• Decide on Decide on “over the top”“over the top” starts or not starts or not• Dual jurisdiction - (Referee / Starter)Dual jurisdiction - (Referee / Starter)• Watch and note false starts (Confer with Head Referee if Watch and note false starts (Confer with Head Referee if noted…..noted…..Do not raise handDo not raise hand))

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During the meetDuring the meet• Attempt to always start ON TIME – teams are travelling!• Always use the same procedure and sequence• If ”over the top start”, at least three heats ready ahead

before starting the meet• Swimmers who have finished are to hold the lane

dividers away from touch pad. They clear the pool on command by sides

• Use heat sheets with names• Recommended notes on heat sheets..…

• Time (frequently)• Rotation of Officials• Changes (e.g., combined heats, etc.)• Breaks / Lunch• Empty lanes

• Keep an eye on your judges and swimmers

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After the meet…..After the meet…..

• Thank everyone• AAR / De-brief (if necessary) • If you have shadows, answer their

question• Sign log books• Solve protests if not yet done• See meet manager and statistician• Sign the Official Swim-meet paper work

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S&T Official Wayahead

• Training annotated in Log Book• 3 x shadows at EFSL Swim Meet

– get log book signed• Pass S&T, Starter & Head Official Exam

on web-site (open book)• Qualified Head Official grades and submits

score to EFSL

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QUESTIONS ?- Video / Swimmer Demonstrations

NEIL HIGGINSDSN 626-1769347-332-9414