1.) name the two dental arches.. maxillary (mx) mandibular (mn)
TRANSCRIPT
1.) Name the two 1.) Name the two dental arches. dental arches.
Maxillary (Mx)Maxillary (Mx)Mandibular (Mn)Mandibular (Mn)
2.) Name the two 2.) Name the two sets of teeth for sets of teeth for
the human.the human.
Primary / Primary / DeciduousDeciduousPermanentPermanent
3.) When does the 3.) When does the Transitional or Transitional or
Mixed Dentition Mixed Dentition Period begin and Period begin and
end?end?
The Transitional The Transitional Dentition Period Dentition Period lasts from 6 to 12 lasts from 6 to 12
years of ageyears of ageThe Transitional or Mixed The Transitional or Mixed Dentition Period is defined by the Dentition Period is defined by the
presence of both Primary and presence of both Primary and Permanent teeth in the oral cavityPermanent teeth in the oral cavity
4.) Describe when 4.) Describe when the Deciduous the Deciduous
Dentition Period Dentition Period would end.would end.
The Deciduous The Deciduous Dentition Period Dentition Period ends when the ends when the
initial permanent initial permanent tooth erupts into tooth erupts into
the oral cavitythe oral cavityWhen the initial Permanent When the initial Permanent Mandibular First Molar erupts at Mandibular First Molar erupts at
approx. 6 years of ageapprox. 6 years of age
5.) In the dental 5.) In the dental formula, the letters formula, the letters
I, C, P, & M I, C, P, & M represent which represent which
teeth?teeth?
I = IncisorI = IncisorC = CanineC = Canine
P = PremolarP = PremolarM = MolarM = Molar
6.) What is the 6.) What is the dental formula for dental formula for
the deciduous the deciduous dentition?dentition?
I 2/2, C 1/1, M 2/2 x I 2/2, C 1/1, M 2/2 x 2 = 202 = 20
The dental formula for the The dental formula for the Primary / Deciduous Primary / Deciduous
DentitionDentition
7.) What is the 7.) What is the dental formula for dental formula for
the permanent the permanent dentition?dentition?
I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 x I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 x 2 = 322 = 32
The dental formula for the The dental formula for the permanent dentitionpermanent dentition
8.) Please 8.) Please annotate annotate
the the Dentition Dentition
to the right to the right using all 3 using all 3
systems systems presented presented in class.in class.
9.) Please 9.) Please annotate annotate
the the Dentition Dentition
to the right to the right using the using the
InternationInternational and al and
Universal Universal systems.systems.
10.) What tooth 10.) What tooth tissue covers the tissue covers the
crown of the tooth?crown of the tooth?
EnamelEnamel
is the tooth tissue that covers is the tooth tissue that covers the crown of the tooththe crown of the tooth
11.) What tooth 11.) What tooth tissue covers the tissue covers the root of the tooth?root of the tooth?
CementumCementum
is the tooth tissue that covers is the tooth tissue that covers the root of the tooththe root of the tooth
12.) What two 12.) What two terms can be used terms can be used
to describe the to describe the junction of these junction of these two tooth tissues?two tooth tissues?
Cemento-enamel Cemento-enamel Junction Junction
Cervical LineCervical LineThe Cemento-enamel Junction can The Cemento-enamel Junction can
be abbreviated be abbreviated
CEJCEJ
13.) Name the 13.) Name the other two tissues.other two tissues.
DentinDentinPulpPulp
The four tissues of the tooth:The four tissues of the tooth:EnamelEnamel
CementumCementumDentinDentinPulpPulp
14.) Name the 14.) Name the portion of the portion of the
Maxilla or Maxilla or Mandible which Mandible which
supports the teeth supports the teeth within the jaw and within the jaw and surrounds the root surrounds the root
of the tooth.of the tooth.
The Alveolar The Alveolar ProcessProcess
The Alveolus is the CAVITY or The Alveolus is the CAVITY or SOCKET SOCKET in the alveolar processin the alveolar process of the Mx and Mn in which the of the Mx and Mn in which the
root or roots of the teeth are fixedroot or roots of the teeth are fixed
15.) Name the 15.) Name the surface of the surface of the central incisor central incisor facing the lip.facing the lip.
Labial (La)Labial (La)
surfaces which face the lip on surfaces which face the lip on anterior teeth are called anterior teeth are called LabialLabial
surfaces, and can also be referred surfaces, and can also be referred to generically as to generically as FacialFacial surfaces surfaces
16.) Name the 16.) Name the surfaces of the surfaces of the
molars facing the molars facing the cheek.cheek.
Buccal (B)Buccal (B)
surfaces which face the cheek on surfaces which face the cheek on posterior teeth are called posterior teeth are called BuccalBuccal
surfaces, and can also be referred surfaces, and can also be referred to generically as to generically as FacialFacial surfaces surfaces
17.) Name the 17.) Name the surface of any surface of any
tooth which faces tooth which faces toward adjoining toward adjoining teeth in the same teeth in the same
dental arch.dental arch.
ProximalProximal
surfaces of the teeth which surfaces of the teeth which face adjoining teeth in the face adjoining teeth in the
same dental arch are same dental arch are generically called Proximal generically called Proximal
surfacessurfaces
18.) Name the 18.) Name the surface of the surface of the
tooth facing toward tooth facing toward the midline while the midline while
following the curve following the curve of the dental arch.of the dental arch.
Mesial (M)Mesial (M)
the surfaces of teeth which face the surfaces of teeth which face the midline while following the the midline while following the
curve of the dental arch are called curve of the dental arch are called MesialMesial surfaces surfaces
19.) Name the 19.) Name the surface of the surface of the
tooth facing away tooth facing away from the midline from the midline
while following the while following the curve of the dental curve of the dental
arch.arch.
Distal (D)Distal (D)
the surfaces of teeth which face the surfaces of teeth which face away from the midline while away from the midline while
following the curve of the dental following the curve of the dental arch are called arch are called DistalDistal surfaces surfaces
20.) Name the 20.) Name the surface of any surface of any
tooth that faces tooth that faces toward the tongue.toward the tongue.
Lingual (Li)Lingual (Li)
all teeth have a all teeth have a LingualLingual surface, it is the surface surface, it is the surface facing toward the tonguefacing toward the tongue
21.) Name the 21.) Name the teeth considered to teeth considered to be Anterior Teeth.be Anterior Teeth.
Central IncisorsCentral IncisorsLateral IncisorsLateral Incisors
CaninesCaninesthese three types of teeth in these three types of teeth in
both the Mx and Mn are both the Mx and Mn are considered to be Anterior considered to be Anterior
TeethTeeth
22.) Name the 22.) Name the teeth considered to teeth considered to be posterior teeth.be posterior teeth.
11stst Premolars Premolars22ndnd Premolars Premolars
11stst Molars Molars22ndnd Molars Molars33rdrd Molars Molars
these five types of teeth in both these five types of teeth in both the Mx and Mn are considered to the Mx and Mn are considered to
be Posterior Teethbe Posterior Teeth
23.) What is the 23.) What is the general term used general term used
to describe to describe quantitative quantitative
defectsdefects in enamel? in enamel?
Enamel Enamel HypoplasiaHypoplasia
the general term referring to the general term referring to all all quantitative defectsquantitative defects of of
enamelenamel
24.) What is the 24.) What is the general term used general term used
to describe to describe qualitative defectsqualitative defects
in enamel?in enamel?
HypocalcificationHypocalcification
the general term referring to the general term referring to all all qualitative defectsqualitative defects of of
enamelenamel
also referred to as Opacitiesalso referred to as Opacities
25.) What number 25.) What number of weeks in utero of weeks in utero does calcification does calcification normally begin?normally begin?
14 weeks in utero14 weeks in utero
at approximately at approximately 14 weeks in 14 weeks in uteroutero calcification has initiated calcification has initiated
for the Mx and Mn Central for the Mx and Mn Central Incisors of the Incisors of the Primary DentitionPrimary Dentition
26.) At what age 26.) At what age can the emergence can the emergence or eruption of the or eruption of the Primary Dentition Primary Dentition
usually be usually be observed?observed?
6 months6 months
the Primary Mn Central Incisor is the Primary Mn Central Incisor is usually the usually the first Deciduous toothfirst Deciduous tooth
to erupt into the oral cavity, it can to erupt into the oral cavity, it can erupt erupt
as early as as early as 6 months of age6 months of age
27.) At what age is 27.) At what age is the emergence or the emergence or
eruption of the eruption of the Primary Dentition Primary Dentition usually completed?usually completed?
30 months30 months
by 30 months (or by 30 months (or 2 ½ years2 ½ years) the ) the Primary (Deciduous) Dentition Primary (Deciduous) Dentition has usually completely erupted has usually completely erupted
into the oral cavityinto the oral cavity
28.) True or False.28.) True or False.Calcification of the Calcification of the Primary Dentition Primary Dentition
occurs both in occurs both in utero and utero and postnatal.postnatal.
TrueTrue
The first initiation of calcification of the The first initiation of calcification of the Primary Dentition begins at 14 weeks Primary Dentition begins at 14 weeks
in utero with the Deciduous Mn Central in utero with the Deciduous Mn Central Incisor, and the crowns are not fully Incisor, and the crowns are not fully completed in the Deciduous Mx 2completed in the Deciduous Mx 2ndnd
Molars until almost 30 months (or 2 ½ Molars until almost 30 months (or 2 ½ years) of ageyears) of age
29.) True or False.29.) True or False. Calcification of the Calcification of the
Permanent Permanent Dentition occurs Dentition occurs both in utero and both in utero and
postnatal.postnatal.
FalseFalse
the calcification of the the calcification of the Permanent Dentition does not Permanent Dentition does not begin until just after birth (at begin until just after birth (at
0 months of age)0 months of age)
30.) True or False.30.) True or False.Premature loss of Premature loss of Primary Teeth are Primary Teeth are of no significance.of no significance.
FalseFalse
premature loss of Primary Teeth can premature loss of Primary Teeth can lead to significant issues in the lead to significant issues in the
development and eruption of the development and eruption of the succedaneous teeth that follow, succedaneous teeth that follow,
especially with spacing and alignment especially with spacing and alignment issuesissues
31.) Where are the 31.) Where are the follicles of the follicles of the
developing developing Permanent teeth Permanent teeth found relative to found relative to the Primary tooth the Primary tooth
roots?roots?
Lingual (Li)Lingual (Li)
the developing tooth follicles of the developing tooth follicles of the succedaneous teeth are the succedaneous teeth are usually found Lingually and usually found Lingually and
Apically to their Apically to their Primary tooth predecessorsPrimary tooth predecessors
32.) Under normal 32.) Under normal conditions, what conditions, what
must happen to the must happen to the Primary Incisors Primary Incisors
before the before the Permanent Incisors Permanent Incisors can erupt into the can erupt into the
oral cavity?oral cavity?
ExfoliationExfoliation
the Primary Incisors must first the Primary Incisors must first ExfoliateExfoliate, or be shed from the oral , or be shed from the oral
cavity, before the Permanent cavity, before the Permanent Incisors Incisors
can erupt into the oral cavitycan erupt into the oral cavity
33.) What are the 33.) What are the four or more four or more
centers of centers of formation of a formation of a
given tooth called?given tooth called?
LobesLobes
the term used to describe the the term used to describe the morphological divisions of the morphological divisions of the
crown of a toothcrown of a tooth
34.) After these 34.) After these centers of centers of
formation coalesce, formation coalesce, signs of these signs of these
centers are still centers are still evident in the evident in the enamel of the enamel of the
teeth, what are teeth, what are these remnants on these remnants on the surface of the the surface of the
tooth called?tooth called?
Developmental Developmental GroovesGrooves
grooves on the tooth formed during grooves on the tooth formed during appositional growth of enamel, dentin, appositional growth of enamel, dentin,
and cementum, often referred to as and cementum, often referred to as those grooves that separate cusps on those grooves that separate cusps on
posterior teethposterior teeth
35.) What is the 35.) What is the connective tissue connective tissue organ of the tooth organ of the tooth
that consists of that consists of arteries, veins, arteries, veins,
lymphatic system, lymphatic system, and nerves?and nerves?
PulpPulp
the cellular, vascular, neural, and the cellular, vascular, neural, and connective tissue that fills the central connective tissue that fills the central
cavity of a toothcavity of a toothin development, the dental papilla in development, the dental papilla
becomes the dental pulp as the primary becomes the dental pulp as the primary dentin is laid downdentin is laid down
36.) What are the 36.) What are the four functions of four functions of
the Pulp?the Pulp?
Sensation (nerves)Sensation (nerves)Protection (sclerotic Protection (sclerotic
dentin)dentin)Production of DentinProduction of Dentin
Vascular Supply Vascular Supply (Nutrition)(Nutrition)
37.) True or False.37.) True or False.Illness or injury Illness or injury can effect the can effect the
development of a development of a tooth.tooth.
TrueTrueMulberry Molar – Congenital Syphilis – lumpy Mulberry Molar – Congenital Syphilis – lumpy
presentation, lots of little bumps/wrinklespresentation, lots of little bumps/wrinklesHutchinson Incisor – Congenital Syphilis – tapers Hutchinson Incisor – Congenital Syphilis – tapers
incisally, screwdriver shapedincisally, screwdriver shapedextended fever at the age of 12 months (1 year) will extended fever at the age of 12 months (1 year) will
effect the Calcification of the crowns of the effect the Calcification of the crowns of the Permanent 1Permanent 1stst Molars, Central Incisors, and Lateral Molars, Central Incisors, and Lateral
IncisorsIncisors
38.) True or False.38.) True or False.Primary or Primary or
Deciduous Molars Deciduous Molars are replaced by are replaced by
Permanent Molars Permanent Molars in the normal in the normal
exfoliation and exfoliation and eruption sequence.eruption sequence.
FalseFalse
the Permanent Molars are not the Permanent Molars are not succedaneous teeth – meaning that succedaneous teeth – meaning that
they do not succeed any other teeth in they do not succeed any other teeth in the Primary Dentitionthe Primary Dentition
the Primary Molars are succeeded by the Primary Molars are succeeded by the Permanent Premolars after their the Permanent Premolars after their
exfoliationexfoliation
39.) True or False.39.) True or False.Primary teeth do Primary teeth do
not have pulp not have pulp chambers.chambers.
FalseFalse
all teeth have pulp chambers, all teeth have pulp chambers,
and pulp canalsand pulp canals
40.) True or False.40.) True or False.The crests of The crests of convexity or convexity or
cervical ridges for cervical ridges for Primary teeth are Primary teeth are more prominent more prominent
than for the than for the Permanent teeth.Permanent teeth.
TrueTrue
41.) True or False.41.) True or False.All teeth develop All teeth develop from 4 or more from 4 or more
lobes.lobes.
TrueTrue
all human teeth develop from all human teeth develop from
at lest four lobesat lest four lobes
42.) True or False.42.) True or False.The outlines of all The outlines of all
teeth may be teeth may be represented by represented by trapezoids of trapezoids of
various dimensions various dimensions (when viewed from (when viewed from
the Fa or Li the Fa or Li aspect).aspect).
TrueTrue
43.) True or False.43.) True or False.The shortest of the The shortest of the
uneven sides of uneven sides of these trapezoids these trapezoids would represent would represent
the Incisal or the Incisal or Occlusal surface of Occlusal surface of
the teeth.the teeth.
FalseFalse
44.) Where can the 44.) Where can the Interdental Interdental
Papillae be found?Papillae be found?A)A) Posterior surface of the tonguePosterior surface of the tongue
B)B) On the Hard PalateOn the Hard PalateC)C) Cervical to the Proximal Cervical to the Proximal
ContactContactD)D) Adjacent to the Fovea Adjacent to the Fovea
PalatinaePalatinae
C) Cervical to C) Cervical to the Proximal the Proximal
ContactContactFilling the interdental void, or Filling the interdental void, or interproximate space of the interproximate space of the
cervical embrasure which lies cervical embrasure which lies cervical to the contact pointcervical to the contact point
45.) Name the 45.) Name the widest Anterior widest Anterior
tooth.tooth.
Permanent Permanent Maxillary Central Maxillary Central
IncisorIncisorthe widest Anterior tooth is the widest Anterior tooth is
the the
Permanent Maxillary Central Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor measuring 8.5 mm in Incisor measuring 8.5 mm in
M-D dimensionM-D dimension
46.) Name the 46.) Name the narrowest Anterior narrowest Anterior
tooth.tooth.
Deciduous Deciduous Mandibular Mandibular
Lateral IncisorLateral Incisorthe narrowest Anterior tooth is the narrowest Anterior tooth is
the Deciduous Mandibular Lateral the Deciduous Mandibular Lateral Incisor measuring just 4.1 mm in Incisor measuring just 4.1 mm in
M-D dimensionM-D dimension
47.) Which of the 47.) Which of the Incisor Class of Incisor Class of
teeth has the most teeth has the most prominent prominent
marginal ridges?marginal ridges?
Permanent Permanent Maxillary Lateral Maxillary Lateral
IncisorIncisorthe Incisor class tooth with the Incisor class tooth with
the most prominent marginal the most prominent marginal ridges is the Permanent ridges is the Permanent Maxillary Lateral IncisorMaxillary Lateral Incisor
48.) Which of the 48.) Which of the Incisor class of Incisor class of
teeth has the most teeth has the most well developed well developed
middle middle developmental developmental
lobe?lobe?
Permanent Permanent Maxillary Lateral Maxillary Lateral
IncisorIncisorthe Incisor class tooth with the the Incisor class tooth with the
most well developed middle most well developed middle developmental lobe is the developmental lobe is the
Permanent Maxillary Lateral Permanent Maxillary Lateral IncisorIncisor
49.) Name the set 49.) Name the set and arch of the and arch of the Incisor Class of Incisor Class of
teeth that exhibit teeth that exhibit poorly developed poorly developed marginal ridges marginal ridges
and a less and a less prominent prominent
Cingulum and Cingulum and Lingual Fossa.Lingual Fossa.
Permanent Permanent MandibularMandibularthe Permanent Mandibular the Permanent Mandibular
Incisors exhibit poorly developed Incisors exhibit poorly developed marginal ridges and a less marginal ridges and a less
prominent Cingulum and Lingual prominent Cingulum and Lingual FossaFossa
50.) Name the 50.) Name the tooth which when tooth which when viewed from the viewed from the
Labial (Facial) has Labial (Facial) has M and D crests of M and D crests of convexity that are convexity that are
found incisally found incisally placed in the placed in the
Incisal third of the Incisal third of the crown. crown.
Permanent Permanent Mandibular Mandibular
Central IncisorCentral IncisorThe proximal contacts on both the The proximal contacts on both the
Mesial and Distal when viewed from Mesial and Distal when viewed from the Labial (Facial) are found incisally in the Labial (Facial) are found incisally in
the Incisal third of the crown on the the Incisal third of the crown on the Permanent Mandibular Central IncisorPermanent Mandibular Central Incisor
51.) Which of the 51.) Which of the Incisal class of Incisal class of
teeth has a distinct teeth has a distinct twisting of the twisting of the incisal ridge incisal ridge
relative to the root relative to the root base of the tooth?base of the tooth?
Permanent Permanent Mandibular Mandibular
Lateral IncisorLateral Incisora prominent annotational feature a prominent annotational feature
of the Permanent Mandibular of the Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisor is the distinct Lateral Incisor is the distinct
twist of the incisal ridge relative twist of the incisal ridge relative to the root baseto the root base
52.) Which class of 52.) Which class of Anterior teeth has a Anterior teeth has a cusp in addition to a cusp in addition to a cingulum, marginal cingulum, marginal
ridges, fossa, a single ridges, fossa, a single root with only one root with only one pulp canal (as the pulp canal (as the
most prevalent form) most prevalent form) and develops from and develops from four developmental four developmental
lobes?lobes?
Permanent Permanent CanineCanine
both the Mx and Mn Permanent Canine both the Mx and Mn Permanent Canine presents with a single cusp tip, a presents with a single cusp tip, a
cingulum, marginal ridges, fossa, a cingulum, marginal ridges, fossa, a single root with only one pulp canal (as single root with only one pulp canal (as the most prevalent form), and develops the most prevalent form), and develops
from four developmental lobesfrom four developmental lobes
53.) When viewed 53.) When viewed from the M and D from the M and D
aspects aspects (proximally) which (proximally) which
teeth most teeth most commonly have an commonly have an incisal ridge that is incisal ridge that is
slightly offset to slightly offset to the Lingual?the Lingual?
Permanent Permanent Mandibular Mandibular Incisors and Incisors and
CanineCanineboth the Permanent Mandibular both the Permanent Mandibular Central and Lateral Incisors as well as Central and Lateral Incisors as well as
the Permanent Mandibular Canine the Permanent Mandibular Canine present with an incisal ridge slightly present with an incisal ridge slightly
offset to the Lingual when viewed from offset to the Lingual when viewed from the M and Dthe M and D
54.) Which of the 54.) Which of the Maxillary Anterior Maxillary Anterior teeth has greater teeth has greater
Labiolingual Labiolingual dimension than dimension than
Mesiodistal Mesiodistal dimension?dimension?
Permanent Permanent Maxillary CanineMaxillary Canine
the Permanent Maxillary Canine the Permanent Maxillary Canine is the Maxillary Anterior tooth is the Maxillary Anterior tooth
with greater Labiolingual with greater Labiolingual dimension than Mesiodistal dimension than Mesiodistal
dimensiondimension
55.) How many 55.) How many cusp ridges are cusp ridges are
found in the found in the Maxillary Canine?Maxillary Canine?
TwoTwo
while every cusp theoretically has four while every cusp theoretically has four ridges when counting the Facial or ridges when counting the Facial or Lingual ridge and/or the triangular Lingual ridge and/or the triangular ridge along with the M and D cusp ridge along with the M and D cusp ridges, here the question is asking ridges, here the question is asking specifically for the number of “cusp specifically for the number of “cusp ridges” present on the Mx Canineridges” present on the Mx Canine
56.) How many 56.) How many marginal ridges marginal ridges are found on the are found on the
Mandibular Mandibular Canine?Canine?
TwoTwo
although they are not as although they are not as predominant as on the Maxillary predominant as on the Maxillary Canine, there are two marginal Canine, there are two marginal
ridges present on the Mandibular ridges present on the Mandibular CanineCanine
57.) There is a 57.) There is a ridge of enamel ridge of enamel found on the Li found on the Li
surface of the Mx surface of the Mx Canine running Canine running
from the cusp tip from the cusp tip to the cingulum, to the cingulum, name this ridge.name this ridge.
Lingual RidgeLingual Ridge
the ridge of enamel found on the the ridge of enamel found on the lingual surface of the Mx Canine lingual surface of the Mx Canine running from the cusp tip to the running from the cusp tip to the
cingulumcingulum
58.) What is the 58.) What is the longest tooth in longest tooth in
the human the human dentition, and how dentition, and how
long is it on long is it on average?average?
Permanent Permanent Maxillary Canine Maxillary Canine
= 27 mm= 27 mmthe longest tooth in the human the longest tooth in the human
dentition is the Permanent dentition is the Permanent Maxillary Canine, which averages Maxillary Canine, which averages
27 mm in overall length27 mm in overall length
59.) True or False.59.) True or False.A tooth root may A tooth root may
have multiple have multiple Apical Foramina.Apical Foramina.
TrueTrue
60.) True or False.60.) True or False.Incisors have Incisors have
multiple roots and multiple roots and multiple pulp multiple pulp
canals, more often canals, more often than not.than not.
FalseFalse
Incisors normally present Incisors normally present with a single root and a with a single root and a
single pulp canalsingle pulp canal
61.) True or False.61.) True or False.Mandibular Mandibular
Canines are more Canines are more likely to have two likely to have two pulp canals than pulp canals than
Maxillary Canines.Maxillary Canines.
TrueTrue
Mandibular Canines present with a Mandibular Canines present with a single canal 70% of the time, single canal 70% of the time,
20% have 2 canals, 1 foramen, and 1 20% have 2 canals, 1 foramen, and 1 rootroot
10% have 2 canals, 2 foramina10% have 2 canals, 2 foramina6% may have 2 canals, 2 foramina, and 6% may have 2 canals, 2 foramina, and
2 roots2 rootsMaxillary Canines present with a single Maxillary Canines present with a single
canal 100% of the timecanal 100% of the time
62.) Describe the 62.) Describe the location of the La location of the La and Li Crests of and Li Crests of Convexity when Convexity when viewed from the viewed from the proximal for all proximal for all anterior teeth.anterior teeth.
CervicalCervical
all anterior teeth have La and Li all anterior teeth have La and Li Crests of Convexity in the Crests of Convexity in the
Cervical third of their crowns Cervical third of their crowns when viewed from the proximalwhen viewed from the proximal
63.) Name the 63.) Name the ridges that along ridges that along with the incisal with the incisal ridge and the ridge and the
cingulum form or cingulum form or border the Lingual border the Lingual
Fossa of the Fossa of the permanent Mx permanent Mx Central Incisor.Central Incisor.
Mesial and Distal Mesial and Distal Marginal RidgesMarginal Ridges
form the border of the Li form the border of the Li Fossa on the Mx Central Fossa on the Mx Central
Incisor along with the Incisal Incisor along with the Incisal Ridge and the CingulumRidge and the Cingulum
64.) For the 64.) For the Permanent Mx Permanent Mx Lateral Incisor, Lateral Incisor,
when viewed from when viewed from the Fa, which the Fa, which
profile will more profile will more likely be convex?likely be convex?
DistalDistal
65.) Which 65.) Which Permanent Mx Permanent Mx Incisor is most Incisor is most
likely to have a Li likely to have a Li Pit?Pit?
Permanent Permanent Maxillary Lateral Maxillary Lateral
IncisorsIncisorsare the Permanent Mx Incisor are the Permanent Mx Incisor
most likely to have a Li Pitmost likely to have a Li Pit
66.) What 66.) What percentage of percentage of Permanent Mx Permanent Mx Lateral Incisors Lateral Incisors
have a bifurcated have a bifurcated root?root?
0%0%
100% of Permanent Mx Lateral 100% of Permanent Mx Lateral Incisors have a single pulp canal Incisors have a single pulp canal and root, while up to 10% exhibit and root, while up to 10% exhibit
lateral root canalslateral root canals
67.) Which 67.) Which Permanent Mx Permanent Mx
Incisor Type is the Incisor Type is the narrowest Mesio-narrowest Mesio-
distally?distally?
LateralLateral
Permanent Maxillary Lateral Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors are the narrowest Incisors are the narrowest Maxillary Incisors Mesio-Maxillary Incisors Mesio-
distallydistally
68.) Which 68.) Which Permanent Mn Permanent Mn
Incisor Type is the Incisor Type is the narrowest Mesio-narrowest Mesio-
distally?distally?
CentralCentral
Permanent Mandibular Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors are the Central Incisors are the narrowest Mandibular narrowest Mandibular Incisors Mesio-distallyIncisors Mesio-distally
69.) List the time of 69.) List the time of eruption for the eruption for the following teeth:following teeth:
Permanent Mx Central Permanent Mx Central IncisorIncisor
Permanent Mn Central Permanent Mn Central IncisorIncisor
Permanent Mn First Permanent Mn First MolarMolar
Permanent Mn CaninePermanent Mn CaninePermanent Mx CaninePermanent Mx Canine
Permanent teeth eruption Permanent teeth eruption datesdates
Mx Central Incisor 7-8 Mx Central Incisor 7-8 yearsyears
Mn Central Incisor 6-7 Mn Central Incisor 6-7 yearsyears
Mn First Molar 6-7 yearsMn First Molar 6-7 yearsMn Canine 9-10 yearsMn Canine 9-10 yearsMx Canine 11-12 yearsMx Canine 11-12 years
70.) Name the 70.) Name the classes of teeth classes of teeth
that have occlusal that have occlusal surfaces.surfaces.
PremolarsPremolarsMolarsMolars
posterior teeth have occlusal posterior teeth have occlusal surfaces anterior teeth have surfaces anterior teeth have
incisal or cusp ridgesincisal or cusp ridges
71.) Name the 71.) Name the Classes of teeth Classes of teeth
that have Marginal that have Marginal Ridges and Fossae.Ridges and Fossae.
IncisorsIncisorsCaninesCanines
PremolarsPremolarsMolarsMolars
72.) Name the four 72.) Name the four major functions of major functions of
the Incisor and the Incisor and Canine classes of Canine classes of
teeth.teeth.
MasticationMasticationAestheticsAestheticsPhoneticsPhoneticsGuidanceGuidance
73.) Name the 73.) Name the ridges running ridges running
from the MBO or from the MBO or DBO point angles DBO point angles
toward the Lingual. toward the Lingual. These ridges form These ridges form
the M and D the M and D borders of the borders of the
occlusal table on occlusal table on Premolars and Premolars and
Molars.Molars.
Marginal RidgesMarginal Ridges
74.) Describe the 74.) Describe the location of the Li location of the Li crest of convexity crest of convexity
for the Mx 1for the Mx 1stst Premolar when Premolar when viewed from the viewed from the mesial aspect. mesial aspect.
Middle ThirdMiddle Third
the Li crest of convexity for the Li crest of convexity for the Mx 1the Mx 1stst Premolar when Premolar when
viewed from the Mesial is in viewed from the Mesial is in the middle thirdthe middle third
75.) Describe the 75.) Describe the location of the B location of the B crest of convexity crest of convexity
for the Mx 1for the Mx 1stst Premolar when Premolar when viewed from the viewed from the proximal aspect. proximal aspect.
Cervical ThirdCervical Third
the B crest of convexity for the B crest of convexity for the Mx 1the Mx 1stst Premolar when Premolar when
viewed from the Proximal is viewed from the Proximal is in the cervical thirdin the cervical third
76.) When viewed 76.) When viewed from the facial from the facial
which profile of the which profile of the Mx 1Mx 1stst Premolar Premolar will most likely will most likely
include a concavity include a concavity from proximal from proximal
contact to cervical contact to cervical line?line?
MesialMesial
77.) When viewed 77.) When viewed from the buccal from the buccal
which profile of the which profile of the Mx 1Mx 1stst Premolar Premolar
will most likely be will most likely be described as described as convex from convex from
proximal contact to proximal contact to cervical line?cervical line?
DistalDistal
78.) What is the 78.) What is the age of emergence age of emergence (eruption) for the (eruption) for the Mx 1Mx 1stst Premolar? Premolar?
10-11 years10-11 years
the Maxillary 1the Maxillary 1stst Premolar Premolar usually emerges (erupts) at usually emerges (erupts) at
approximately 10-11 years of approximately 10-11 years of ageage
79.) Which Mx 79.) Which Mx Premolar is likely Premolar is likely to present with a to present with a distinctive mesial distinctive mesial concavity in the concavity in the cervical third of cervical third of the tooth crown the tooth crown
and root?and root?
Maxillary 1Maxillary 1stst PremolarPremolar
commonly presents with a commonly presents with a distinctive mesial concavity distinctive mesial concavity on the cervical third of the on the cervical third of the
tooth crown and roottooth crown and root
80.) What 80.) What percentage of Mx percentage of Mx
11stst Premolars Premolars present with a present with a
bifurcated root?bifurcated root?
61%61%
of Mx 1of Mx 1stst Premolars present Premolars present with a bifurcated rootwith a bifurcated root
81.) Which Mx 81.) Which Mx Premolar Premolar
commonly presents commonly presents with a shorter with a shorter central groove, central groove,
more supplemental more supplemental grooves, wider grooves, wider
marginal ridges, marginal ridges, and broader line and broader line
angle concavities?angle concavities?
Mx 2Mx 2ndnd Premolar Premolar
the Mx 2the Mx 2ndnd Premolar commonly Premolar commonly presents with a shorter central groove, presents with a shorter central groove,
more supplemental grooves, wider more supplemental grooves, wider marginal ridges, and broader line angle marginal ridges, and broader line angle
concavities than the Mx 1concavities than the Mx 1stst Premolar Premolar
82.) How many 82.) How many roots are usually roots are usually found in the Mx found in the Mx versus the Mn versus the Mn Molars in the Molars in the
common common presentations?presentations?
Mx Molars = 3 Mx Molars = 3 rootsroots
Mn Molars = 2 Mn Molars = 2 rootsroots
83.) For the Mx 183.) For the Mx 1stst Molar, name the Molar, name the
characteristic characteristic feature formed by feature formed by the confluence of the confluence of
the triangular the triangular ridge of the DB ridge of the DB cusp with the D cusp with the D
cusp ridge of the cusp ridge of the MLi cusp.MLi cusp.
Oblique RidgeOblique Ridge
84.) For the Mx 184.) For the Mx 1stst Molar, describe the Molar, describe the
location of the location of the facial or buccal facial or buccal
crest of convexity crest of convexity when viewed from when viewed from
the mesial.the mesial.
Cervical ThirdCervical Third
85.) For the Mx 185.) For the Mx 1stst Molar, name the Molar, name the
groove that groove that extends from the extends from the
central groove and central groove and separates the MB separates the MB
and DB cusps and DB cusps terminating on the terminating on the
buccal surface.buccal surface.
Buccal Buccal Developmental Developmental
GrooveGroove
86.) For the Mx 186.) For the Mx 1stst Molar, describe the Molar, describe the
location of the location of the Lingual crest of Lingual crest of convexity when convexity when viewed from the viewed from the
proximal.proximal.
Middle ThirdMiddle Third
87.) For the Mx 187.) For the Mx 1stst Molar, when viewed Molar, when viewed
from the facial, from the facial, which profile will which profile will
most likely include most likely include a slight concavity, a slight concavity, and which profile and which profile will most likely be will most likely be convex, from crest convex, from crest
to cervical line?to cervical line?
Mesial Profile – Mesial Profile – concavityconcavity
Distal Profile – Distal Profile – convexconvexthe Mx 1the Mx 1stst Molar, when viewed from the Molar, when viewed from the
facial, will most likely include a slight facial, will most likely include a slight concavity on the mesial profile, and will concavity on the mesial profile, and will
most likely be convex on the distal most likely be convex on the distal profile, from crest to cervical lineprofile, from crest to cervical line
88.) From which 88.) From which arch would you arch would you
most likely find a most likely find a premolar with premolar with
three cusps and three cusps and one pulp canal?one pulp canal?
MandibularMandibular
The Mandibular 2The Mandibular 2ndnd Premolar Premolar is most likely to present with is most likely to present with three cusps and only a single three cusps and only a single
pulp canalpulp canal
89.) Which type of 89.) Which type of Mandibular Mandibular
Premolar has a Premolar has a Lingual cusp that Lingual cusp that is ½ to is ½ to 22//33 as long as long as the Bu cusp?as the Bu cusp?
Mandibular 1Mandibular 1stst PremolarPremolar
usually presents with a usually presents with a lingual cusp tip that is ½ to lingual cusp tip that is ½ to
22//3 3 as long as the Bu cuspas long as the Bu cusp
90.) Which Mx 90.) Which Mx Premolar has Premolar has
narrower marginal narrower marginal ridges when ridges when
compared to the compared to the other type in its other type in its
class?class?
Mx 1Mx 1stst Premolar Premolar
the Mx 1the Mx 1stst Premolar has Premolar has narrower marginal ridges narrower marginal ridges that the Mx 2that the Mx 2ndnd Premolar Premolar
91.) At what age 91.) At what age does the Mn 1does the Mn 1stst Premolar erupt?Premolar erupt?
10-12 years10-12 years
the Mn 1the Mn 1stst Premolar normally Premolar normally erupts into the oral cavity at erupts into the oral cavity at
10-12 years of age10-12 years of age
92.) At what age 92.) At what age does the Mn 2does the Mn 2ndnd Premolar erupt?Premolar erupt?
11-12 years11-12 years
the Mn 2the Mn 2ndnd Premolar normally Premolar normally erupts into the oral cavity at erupts into the oral cavity at
11-12 years of age11-12 years of age
93.) Name the 93.) Name the occlusal curve occlusal curve
which runs which runs laterally across the laterally across the arch, and helps to arch, and helps to explain the Bucco-explain the Bucco-lingual inclination lingual inclination of the Mx and Mn of the Mx and Mn Posterior teeth.Posterior teeth.
Curve of WilsonCurve of Wilson
the occlusal curve which runs the occlusal curve which runs laterally across the arch, and laterally across the arch, and
helps to explain the Bucco-lingual helps to explain the Bucco-lingual inclination of the Mx and Mn inclination of the Mx and Mn Posterior teeth is the Posterior teeth is the Curve of Curve of
WilsonWilson
94.) Name the 94.) Name the occlusal curve that occlusal curve that can be viewed from can be viewed from the lateral view of the lateral view of the skull and runs the skull and runs antero-posterior antero-posterior from the canine from the canine
cusp tip and along cusp tip and along the Bu cusps of the the Bu cusps of the
posterior teeth.posterior teeth.
Curve of SpeeCurve of Spee
the occlusal curve that can be viewed the occlusal curve that can be viewed from the lateral view of the skull and from the lateral view of the skull and runs antero-posterior from the canine runs antero-posterior from the canine cusp tip and along the Bu cusps of the cusp tip and along the Bu cusps of the
posterior teeth is the posterior teeth is the Curve of SpeeCurve of Spee
95.) List the three 95.) List the three terms that describe terms that describe
the different the different methods for loss of methods for loss of tooth structure (or tooth structure (or
wear of tooth wear of tooth structure).structure).
AttritionAttritionAbrasionAbrasionErosionErosion
AttritionAttrition – tooth to tooth wear which occurs – tooth to tooth wear which occurs normally, such as at the proximal contact pointsnormally, such as at the proximal contact pointsAbrasionAbrasion – wear induced by a third party, such – wear induced by a third party, such
as brushing and such induceas brushing and such induceErosionErosion – chemical removal of tooth structure, – chemical removal of tooth structure,
such as with tobacco usesuch as with tobacco use
96.) How many 96.) How many pulp canals are pulp canals are
most often found most often found for the Permanent for the Permanent Mx First Molar?Mx First Molar?
Four (4)Four (4)
Three canals = 41%Three canals = 41%
Four canals = 57%Four canals = 57%
Five canals = 2%Five canals = 2%
97.) Which root of 97.) Which root of the Permanent Mx the Permanent Mx 11stst Molar is most Molar is most
likely to have likely to have multiple pulp multiple pulp
canals?canals?
Mesio-buccal Mesio-buccal RootRoot
20% 1 canal, 1 foramen20% 1 canal, 1 foramen40% 40% 2 canals2 canals, 1 foramen, 1 foramen20% 20% 2 canals2 canals, 2 foramina, 2 foramina
(this = (this = 60%60% with 2 canals, and with 2 canals, and therefore 60% of Mx 1therefore 60% of Mx 1stst Molars have Molars have
four or more pulp canals)four or more pulp canals)
98.) How many 98.) How many pulp canals are pulp canals are most commonly most commonly
found for the Mn found for the Mn 11stst Molar? Molar?
Three (3)Three (3)100% of Mn 1100% of Mn 1stst Molars have at least 3 pulp canals Molars have at least 3 pulp canals
but only 2 rootsbut only 2 roots70% have three canals, two of which are in the 70% have three canals, two of which are in the
Mesial RootMesial Root30% have four canals, with two in each root30% have four canals, with two in each root
Frequency of canals in Mesial root –Frequency of canals in Mesial root –40% 2 canals, 1 foramen40% 2 canals, 1 foramen60% 2 canals, 2 foramina60% 2 canals, 2 foramina
Frequency of canals in Distal root – Frequency of canals in Distal root – 70% 1 canal, 1 foramen70% 1 canal, 1 foramen20% 2 canals, 1 foramen20% 2 canals, 1 foramen
10% 2 canals, 2 foramina (may show bifurcation)10% 2 canals, 2 foramina (may show bifurcation)
99.) Where can the 99.) Where can the Maxillary Maxillary
Tuberosity be Tuberosity be found?found?
Posterior to the Mx Posterior to the Mx 33rdrd Molar (or the Molar (or the
Mx 2Mx 2ndnd Molar if the Molar if the Mx 3Mx 3rdrd Molar was Molar was
extracted)extracted)
100.) Where can 100.) Where can the Retromolar Pad the Retromolar Pad
be found?be found?
Posterior to the Mn Posterior to the Mn 33rdrd Molar (or the Molar (or the
Mn 2Mn 2ndnd Molar if the Molar if the Mn 3Mn 3rdrd Molar was Molar was
extracted)extracted)
101.) What teeth in 101.) What teeth in the adult human the adult human
dentition are dentition are comprised of five comprised of five
lobes?lobes?
Mn 2Mn 2ndnd Premolar PremolarMn 1Mn 1stst Molar Molar
both the Mn 2both the Mn 2ndnd Premolar and the Premolar and the Mn 1Mn 1stst Molar develop from five Molar develop from five
lobeslobesthe rest of the teeth in the the rest of the teeth in the
permanent dentition develop from permanent dentition develop from four lobesfour lobes
102.) Name the 102.) Name the three types of three types of Oral Mucosa.Oral Mucosa.
MasticatoryMasticatoryLiningLining
SpecializedSpecializedOral Mucosa = the mucous membrane that Oral Mucosa = the mucous membrane that
lines the oral cavitylines the oral cavityMasticatoryMasticatory – gingiva is tightly held down – gingiva is tightly held down mucous membrane and fibrous connective mucous membrane and fibrous connective
tissue that covers the alveolar process tissue that covers the alveolar process LiningLining – not tightly held down – not tightly held down
SpecializedSpecialized – tissue covering the tongue – – tissue covering the tongue – papillae and taste budspapillae and taste buds
103.) What are the 103.) What are the five functions of five functions of
embrasures?embrasures?
Spillway for food materialsSpillway for food materials – reduces – reduces force on the teethforce on the teeth
Part of self-cleansing processPart of self-cleansing process of of the teeththe teeth
Stimulation of the pariodontiumStimulation of the pariodontiumAestheticsAesthetics – especially anterior – especially anterior
embrasuresembrasuresPrevent food impactionPrevent food impaction – contact – contact
areasareas
104.) What is the 104.) What is the name given to a name given to a
horizontal horizontal connection connection
between pulp between pulp canals?canals?
AnastomosisAnastomosis
a horizontal connection a horizontal connection between between
pulp canalspulp canals
105.) What is the 105.) What is the name given to the name given to the
entire central entire central space in the dentin space in the dentin
of a tooth which of a tooth which contains the pulp contains the pulp
tissues?tissues?
Pulp CavitiesPulp Cavities
the entire central space in the dentin of the entire central space in the dentin of a tooth which contains the pulp tissues a tooth which contains the pulp tissues
is called the pulp cavities, which are is called the pulp cavities, which are composed of the Pulp Chamber, Pulp composed of the Pulp Chamber, Pulp
Canal(s), Apical Foramen, Lateral Canal(s), Apical Foramen, Lateral (accessory) Canal(s), Supplemental (accessory) Canal(s), Supplemental
Canal, and Anastomosis’Canal, and Anastomosis’
106.) What 106.) What significant role do significant role do
the Fa and Li the Fa and Li heights of contour heights of contour
play?play?
The Fa and Li heights The Fa and Li heights of contour provide of contour provide
protection and protection and stimulation of the stimulation of the gingival tissue by gingival tissue by
deflecting food away deflecting food away from the tissuesfrom the tissues
107.) Which 107.) Which Permanent tooth is Permanent tooth is
most readily most readily identifiable by a identifiable by a
Mesio-buccal Mesio-buccal Cervical Cervical
Protrusion?Protrusion?
Mn 2Mn 2ndnd Molar Molar
is most readily identifiable by is most readily identifiable by a Mesio-buccal Cervical a Mesio-buccal Cervical
ProtrusionProtrusion
108.) Which 108.) Which anterior tooth is anterior tooth is
most likely to have most likely to have a bifurcated root?a bifurcated root?
Mn CanineMn Canine
Is the anterior tooth most Is the anterior tooth most likely to bifurcate, but still likely to bifurcate, but still only bifurcates 6% of the only bifurcates 6% of the
timetime
109.) What is the 109.) What is the primary function of primary function of
the soft palate?the soft palate?
to close off the to close off the nasal pharynxnasal pharynxthe primary function of the the primary function of the soft palate is to close off the soft palate is to close off the
nasal pharynxnasal pharynx
110.) What two 110.) What two structures combine structures combine
to create the to create the oblique ridge on oblique ridge on the Mx molars?the Mx molars?
The triangular The triangular ridge of the disto-ridge of the disto-buccal cusp and buccal cusp and the distal cusp the distal cusp
ridge of the Mesio-ridge of the Mesio-lingual cusplingual cuspconverge to create the converge to create the
oblique ridge of Mx Molarsoblique ridge of Mx Molars
111.) What trend is 111.) What trend is noticeable among noticeable among proximal contacts proximal contacts as you move from as you move from
anterior to anterior to posterior?posterior?
proximal contacts proximal contacts become larger and become larger and
are positioned are positioned more cervically and more cervically and
faciallyfaciallyas you move from anterior to as you move from anterior to
posteriorposterior
112.) 112.)