1. name the three basic parts of a cell and describe the functions of each. 2. why do phospholipids...
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Part 2: Membrane TransportTRANSCRIPT
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1. Name the three basic parts of a cell and describe the functions of each.
2. Why do phospholipids organize into a bilayer – tail-to-tail – in a watery environment?
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Hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic?1. What type of fluid might be infused into
the bloodstream of a patient who needs fluid drawn out from swollen tissues?
2. What type of fluid might be used (carefully) to rehydrate the tissues of extremely dehydrated patients?
3. In a U-tube separated by a selectively permeable membrane, there is .2 M glucose in Side A, and .4 M glucose in Side B. Side A is ____ compared to Side B, and Side B is ____ compared to Side A.
4. If the membrane in #3 is only permeable to water, what will happen?
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Part 2: Membrane Transport
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Interstitial fluidInterstitial fluid: Fluid outside cells Rich, nutritious “soup” – amino acids,
sugars, fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, salts, wastes
Selective PermeabilitySelective Permeability: Plasma membrane only allows some
substances to enter cell Nutrients in, wastes out By passivepassive or activeactive transport
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No energy (ATP) needed Molecules move down concentration down concentration
gradientgradient from HIGH LOW concentration
Types: diffusion, filtration
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Nonpolar & lipid-soluble Nonpolar & lipid-soluble substancessubstances diffuse directly through lipid bilayer
Eg. O2, CO2, fat-soluble vitamins
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Transport proteins Transport proteins (carrier or channel proteins) assist molecules across membrane
Eg. glucose, amino acids, H2O, ions
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Water-filled channels Eg. ions
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Binds to molecule, changes shape, ferries it across membrane
Eg. glucose transporter
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Diffusion of H2O Aquaporins: Aquaporins: channel proteins for H2O
passage
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Ability of solution to change shape or tone of cells by changing water volume
IsotonicIsotonic = equal concentration solutes HypertonicHypertonic = higher conc. of solutes HypotonicHypotonic = lower conc. of solutes
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Energy (ATP) is needed!! Move molecules against concentration against concentration
gradientgradient from LOW HIGH concentration
Types: Primary and Secondary
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Directly uses ATPATP to drive transport
Eg. Ca2+ pump, H+ pump, Na+-K+ pump
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Sodium-Potassium PumpSodium-Potassium Pump
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Move more than 1 substance at a time SymportSymport: 2 substances moved in same direction AntiportAntiport: 2 substances cross in opposite
directions Eg. cotransport of sugars, animo acids, ions
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Fluid & large particles transported across membranes in vesiclesvesicles (sacs)
ExocytosisExocytosis: “out of cell” – eject substances
EndocytosisEndocytosis: “within the cell”- ingest substances
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PhagocytosisPhagocytosis: (cell eating) – engulf large or solid materialeg. WBC engulf
bacteria
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PinocytosisPinocytosis: (cell drinking) – fluid w/dissolved moleculesEg. intestinal
cells
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Receptor-Receptor-mediated mediated endocytosisendocytosis: concentrate specific substances (ligandsligands) that bind to receptor receptor proteinsproteinsEg. insulin, iron,
cholesterol