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Mercedes-Benz

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This article is about the manufacturer. For the song, see Mercedes Benz (song).

Mercedes-Benz

Type Division of Daimler AG

Industry Manufacturing

Predecessor(s) Benz & Cie.

Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft

Founded 1886

Founder(s) Karl Benz

Gottlieb Daimler

Headquarters Stuttgart, Germany

Area served Worldwide

Key people Dieter Zetsche, Chairman

Products Automobiles

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Trucks

Buses

Internal combustion engines

Services Financial services

Parent Daimler AG

Website www.mercedes-benz.com

Mercedes-Benz (German pronunciation: [mɛʁˈtseːdəs ˈbɛnts]) is a division of the German

manufacturer Daimler AG, and the brand is used for automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks.

Mercedes-Benz is headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The name first

appeared in 1926 under Daimler-Benz but traces its origins to Daimler's 1901 Mercedes and

to Karl Benz's 1886 Benz Patent Motorwagen, widely regarded as the first automobile.

Contents

[hide]

1 History

2 Subsidiaries and alliances

o 2.1 Mercedes-Benz AMG

o 2.2 Mercedes-Benz McLaren

o 2.3 Studebaker-Packard

3 Production

o 3.1 Factories

o 3.2 Quality rankings

4 Models

o 4.1 Current model range

4.1.1 Passenger cars

4.1.2 Trucks

4.1.3 Buses and vans

o 4.2 Significant models produced

o 4.3 Car nomenclature

o 4.4 Environmental record

o 4.5 Bicycles

5 Motorsport

o 5.1 Formula 1

6 Noted employees

7 Innovations

o 7.1 Robot cars

8 Tuners

9 See also

10 References

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11 External links

[edit] History

Main articles: Karl Benz, Bertha Benz, Gottlieb Daimler, Emil Jellinek, Wilhelm Maybach,

and Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

Mercedes-Benz S-class

Mercedes-Benz traces its origins to Karl Benz's creation of the first petrol-powered car, the

Benz Patent Motorwagen, patented in January 1886[1]

and Gottlieb Daimler and engineer

Wilhelm Maybach's conversion of a stagecoach by the addition of a petrol engine later that

year. The Mercedes automobile was first marketed in 1901 by Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft.

The first Mercedes-Benz brand name vehicles were produced in 1926, following the merger

of Karl Benz's and Gottlieb Daimler's companies into the Daimler-Benz company.[1]

Mercedes-Benz has introduced many technological and safety innovations that later became

common in other vehicles.[2]

Mercedes-Benz is one of the most well-known and established

automotive brands in the world, and is also the world's oldest automotive brand still in

existence today. For information relating to the famous three-pointed star, see under the title

Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft including the merger into Daimler-Benz.

[edit] Subsidiaries and alliances

As part of the Daimler AG company, the Mercedes-Benz Cars division includes Mercedes-

Benz, Smart and Maybach car production.[3]

[edit] Mercedes-Benz AMG

Mercedes-Benz AMG became a majority owned division of Mercedes-Benz in 1998.[4]

The

company was integrated into DaimlerChrysler in 1999,[5]

and became Mercedes-Benz AMG

beginning on 1 January 1999.[6]

[edit] Mercedes-Benz McLaren

Main article: Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren

Between 2003 and 2009, Mercedes-Benz produced a limited-production sports car with

McLaren Cars, an extension of the collaboration by which Mercedes engines are used by the

Team McLaren-Mercedes Formula One racing team, which is part owned by Mercedes.

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McLaren ceased production of the SLR in 2009 and went on to develop its own car, the

McLaren MP4-12C, launched in 2011.

[edit] Studebaker-Packard

In 1958, Mercedes-Benz entered into a distribution agreement with the Studebaker-Packard

Corporation of South Bend, Indiana (USA), makers of Studebaker and Packard brand

automobiles.[7]

Under the deal, Studebaker would allow Mercedes-Benz access to its dealer

network in the U.S., handle shipments of vehicles to the dealers, and in return, receive

compensation for each car sold. Mercedes-Benz maintained an office within the Studebaker

works in South Bend from 1958 to 1963, when Studebaker's U.S. operations ceased. Many

U.S Studebaker dealers converted to Mercedes-Benz dealerships at that time.

[edit] Production

[edit] Factories

Besides its native Germany, Mercedes-Benz vehicles are also manufactured or assembled in:

Argentina (buses, trucks and the Sprinter van. The first Mercedes-Benz factory

outside of Germany)[8]

Austria (G-Class)[9]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brazil[10]

Manufacture the trucks, buses and the C-Class. Established in 1956. The A-

Class (W168) was produced from 1999 to 2005 as well.

Canada

Egypt via Egyptian German Automotive Company

Hungary[11]

India[12]

Indonesia[13]

Iran (Not since 2010[14]

)

Malaysia[15]

Mexico

Nigeria[16]

(buses, trucks, utility motors and the Sprinter van)

Philippines

Russia (E-Class)

Spain, factory at Vitoria-Gasteiz, Mercedes-Benz Vito have been built there.

South Africa[17]

South Korea (Mercedes-Benz Musso and MB100 models manufactured by

SsangYong Motor Company)

Thailand (assembly of C, E and S class vehicles by the Thonburi Group)[18]

Turkey[19]

United Kingdom—SLR sports car was built at the McLaren Technology Centre in

Woking. Brackley, Northamptonshire, is home to the Mercedes Grand Prix factory,

and Brixworth, Northamptonshire is the location of Mercedes-Benz

HighPerformanceEngines

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United States The Mercedes-Benz M-Class Sport Utility, the R-Class Sport Tourer,

and the full-sized GL-Class Luxury Sport Utility Vehicle are all built at the Mercedes-

Benz production facility near Tuscaloosa, Alabama.[20]

Vietnam Passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Established in 1995[21]

}}

[edit] Quality rankings

Objective measures looking at passenger vehicles, such as J. D. Power surveys, demonstrated

a downturn in the quality and reliability ratings of Mercedes vehicles in the late 1990s and

early 2000s. By mid-2005, Mercedes temporarily returned to the industry average for initial

quality, a measure of problems after the first 90 days of ownership, according to J.D.

Power.[22]

In J.D. Power's Initial Quality Study for the first quarter of 2007, Mercedes showed

dramatic improvement by climbing from 25th to 5th place, for the first time surpassing

quality leader Toyota, and earning several awards for its models.[23]

For 2008, Mercedes-

Benz's initial quality rating improved by yet another mark, to fourth place.[24]

On top of this

accolade, it also received the Platinum Plant Quality Award for its Mercedes’ Sindelfingen,

Germany assembly plant.[24]

In April 2011, Consumer Reports of the rates six of thirteen

Mercedes-Benz models as "below average".[25]

However, J.D. Power's 2011 US Initial

Quality and Vehicle Dependability Studies both ranked Mercedes-Benz vehicles above

average in build quality and reliability.[26][27]

In the 2011 UK JD Power Survey, Mercedes

cars rated above average (scoring ahead of both BMW and Audi, but trailing behind in its

quality rating to the industry leader Lexus, as has been the case in all previous years).[28]

[edit] Models

[edit] Current model range

Mercedes-Benz carries a full range of passenger, light commercial and heavy commercial

equipment. Vehicles are manufactured in multiple countries worldwide. The Smart marque of

city cars and Maybach luxury cars are also produced by Daimler AG.

[edit] Passenger cars

See also: List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles

The following passenger vehicles were in production in 2011:

A-Class—Hatchback

B-Class—Multi-Activity

C-Class—Saloon, Estate & Coupé

CL-Class—Luxury Coupé

CLS-Class—4 Door Coupé

E-Class—Saloon, Estate, Coupé & Cabriolet

G-Class—Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)

GL-Class—Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)

GLK-Class - Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)

M-Class—Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)

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R-Class—Luxury Tourer Vehicle (LTV)

S-Class—Luxury Saloon

SL-Class—Roadster

SLK-Class—Roadster

SLS AMG—Coupé

SLS AMG—Roadster

Viano—Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV)

[edit] Trucks

See also: List of Mercedes-Benz trucks

Mercedes-Benz Trucks is now part of the Daimler Trucks division, and includes companies

that were part of the DaimlerChrysler merger. Gottlieb Daimler sold the world's first truck in

1886.[29]

[edit] Buses and vans

Main article: Mercedes-Benz buses

Mercedes-Benz Vario

Mercedes-Benz also produces buses, mainly for Europe and Asia. Mercedes-Benz produces a

range of vans. The first factory to be built outside Germany after WWII was in Argentina. It

originally built trucks, many of which were modified independently to buses, popularly

named Colectivo. Today, it builds buses, trucks and the Sprinter van.

[edit] Significant models produced

Pope Benedict XVI in a Mercedes-Benz Popemobile in São Paulo, Brazil

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1928: SSK racing car

1930: 770 "Großer Mercedes" state and ceremonial car

1934: 500 K

1936: 260 D World's first diesel production car

1936: 170

1938: W195 Speed Record-breaker

1951: Mercedes-Benz 300, knownly as "Adenauer Mercedes"

1953: "Ponton" models

1954: 300SL "Gullwing"

1959: "Fintail" models

1960: 220SE Cabriolet[disambiguation needed ]

1963: 600 "Grand Mercedes"

1963: 230SL "Pagoda"

1965: Mercedes-Benz S-Class

1966: 300SEL 6.3

1968: W114 "new generation" compact cars

1969: C111 experimental vehicle

1972: Mercedes-Benz W107 350SL

1974: 450SEL 6.9

1974: 240D

1975: Mercedes-Benz W123 Wagon - Mercedes' first station wagon

1976: 300D

1978: 300SD - Mercedes' first turbo diesel

1979: 500SEL and G-Class

1983: 190E 2.3–16

1991: 600SEL

1993: First 'E-Class'

1995: First 'Joint Mercedes-Benz & AMG' (C43 AMG)

1995: Mercedes-Benz SL73 AMG, 7.3 V12 (biggest engine ever put in a Mercedes-

Benz)

1996: Mercedes-Benz Renntech E7.4RS

1997: Mercedes-Benz SLK

1997: Mercedes-Benz M-Class

2004: Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren

2004: Mercedes-Benz CLS

2007: E320, GL320 Bluetec, ML320 Bluetec, R320 Bluetec

2010: Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG

[edit] Car nomenclature

Until 1994, Mercedes-Benz used an alphanumeric system for categorising their vehicles,

consisting of a number sequence approximately equal to the engine's displacement in liters

multiplied by 100, followed by an arrangement of alphabetical suffixes indicating body style

and engine type.

"C" indicates a coupe or cabriolet body style.

"D" means the vehicle is equipped with a diesel engine.

"E" (for "Einspritzen") means the vehicle's engine is equipped with petrol fuel

injection. In most cases (the 600 limousine being the exception), if neither "E" or "D"

is present, the vehicle has a petrol engine with a carburettor.

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"G" denotes the Geländewagen off-road vehicle.

"K" was used in the 1930s, indicating a supercharger ("Kompressor") equipped

engine. One exception is the SSK, where K indicates "Kurz" (short-wheelbase).

"L" means "Leicht" (lightweight) for sporting models, and "Lang" (long-wheelbase)

for sedan models.

"R" stands for "Rennen" (racing), used for racing cars (for example, the 300SLR).

"S" Sonderklasse "Special class" for flagship models.

"T" stands for "Touring" and indicates an estate (or station wagon) body style.

Some models in the 1950s also had lower-case letters (b, c, and d) to indicate specific trim

levels.

For some models, the numeric part of the designation does not match the engine

displacement. This was done to show the model's position in the model lineup independent of

displacement or in the price matrix. For these vehicles, the actual displacement in liters is

suffixed to the model designation. For example, the 190-class all had "190" for the numeric

designation, regardless of the engine size, to indicate their entry-level status. Also, some

older models (such as the SS and SSK) did not have a number as part of the designation at all.

For the 1994 model year, Mercedes-Benz revised the naming system. Models were divided

into "classes" denoted by an arrangement of up to three letters (see "Current model range"

above), followed by a three-digit (or two-digit for AMG models, with the number

approximately equal to the displacement in liters multiplied by 10) number related to the

engine size, as before. Variants of the same model (such as an estate version, or a vehicle

with a diesel engine) are no longer given a separate letter. In most cases, the class designation

is arbitrary. The SLR and SLS supercars do not carry a numerical designation.

As before, some models' numerical designations do not match the engine's actual

displacement; in these cases the number shows the model's relative performance within the

class. For example, the E250 CGI has greater performance than the E200 CGI because of

different engine tuning, even though both have 1.8-litre engines. Recent AMG models use the

"63" designation (in honor of the 1960s 6.3-litre M100 engine) despite being equipped with

either a 6.2-litre (M156) or 5.5-litre (M157) engine.

Some models carry further designations indicating special features:

"4MATIC" means the vehicle is equipped with all-wheel-drive.

"BlueTEC" indicates a diesel engine with selective catalytic reduction exhaust

aftertreatment.

"BlueEFFICIENCY" indicates special fuel economy features (direct injection, start-

stop system, aerodynamic modifications, etc.)

"CGI" (Charged Gasoline Injection) indicates direct gasoline injection.

"CDI" (Common-rail Direct Injection) indicates a common-rail diesel engine.

"Hybrid" indicates a gasoline- or diesel-electric hybrid.

"NGT" indicates a natural gas-fueled engine.

"Kompressor" indicates a supercharged engine.

"Turbo" indicates a turbocharged engine, only used on A-, B-,Е- and GLK-Class

models.

All model designation badges can be deleted upon the customer's request.

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[edit] Environmental record

Mercedes-Benz has developed multi concept cars with alternative propulsion, such as hybrid-

electric, fully electric, and fuel-cell powertrains. At the 2007 Frankfurt motor show,

Mercedes-Benz showed seven hybrid models, including the F700 concept car, powered by a

hybrid-electric drivetrain featuring the DiesOtto engine.[30][31]

In 2009, Mercedes-Benz

displayed three BlueZERO concepts at the North American International Auto Show. Each

car features a different powertrain - battery-electric, fuel-cell electric, and gasoline-electric

hybrid.[32][33]

In the same year, Mercedes also showed the Vision S500 PHEV concept with a

19 miles (31 km) all-electric range and CO2 emissions of 74 grams/km in the New European

Driving Cycle.[34]

Since 2002, Mercedes-Benz has developed the F-Cell fuel cell vehicle. The current version,

based on the B-Class, has a 250 mile range and is available for lease, with volume production

scheduled to begin in 2014. Mercedes has also announced the SLS AMG E-Cell, a fully

electric version of the SLS sports car, with deliveries expected in 2013.[35]

The Mercedes-

Benz S400 BlueHYBRID[36]

was launched in 2009, and is the first production automotive

hybrid in the world to use a lithium-ion battery.[37][38][39]

In mid-2010, production commenced

on the Vito E-Cell all-electric van. Mercedes expects 100 vehicles to be produced by the end

of 2010 and a further 2000 by the end of 2011.[40]

In 2008, Mercedes-Benz announced that it would have a demonstration fleet of small electric

cars in two to three years.[41]

Mercedes-Benz and Smart are preparing for the widespread

uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) in the UK by beginning the installation of recharging points

across their dealer networks. So far 20 Elektrobay recharging units, produced in the UK by

Brighton-based Elektromotive, have been installed at seven locations as part of a pilot

project, and further expansion of the initiative is planned later in 2010.[42]

In the United States, Mercedes-Benz was assessed a record US$30.66 million for their

decision to not meet the federal corporate average fuel economy standard in 2009.[43]

Certain

Mercedes-Benz cars including the S550, and all AMG models sold in the United States also

face an additional gas guzzler tax.[44]

However, newer AMG models fitted with the M157

engine will not be subject to the gas-guzzler tax due to improved fuel economy,[45]

and newer

models powered by the M276 and M278 engines will have better fuel economy. In 2008,

Mercedes also had the worst CO2 average of all major European manufacturers, ranking 14th

out of 14 manufacturers.[46]

Mercedes was also the worst manufacturer in 2007 and 2006 in

terms of average CO2 levels, with 181 g and 188 g of CO2 emitted per km, respectively.[47]

[edit] Bicycles

Mercedes-Benz Accessories GmbH introduced three new bicycles in 2005,[48]

and the range

has developed to include the patent pending Foldingbike in 2007.[49]

Other models include the

Mercedes-Benz Carbon Bike,[50]

Fitness Bike[51]

and the Trailblazer Bike.[52]

[edit] Motorsport

Main article: Mercedes-Benz in motorsport

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A DMG Mercedes Simplex 1906 in the Deutsches Museum

1957 Mercedes-Benz 300Sc Cabriolet

1959 Mercedes-Benz W120 Model 180

The two companies which were merged to form the Mercedes-Benz brand in 1926 had both

already enjoyed success in the new sport of motor racing throughout their separate

histories—both had entries in the very first automobile race Paris to Rouen 1894. This has

continued, and throughout its long history, the company has been involved in a range of

motorsport activities, including sports car racing and rallying. On several occasions

Mercedes-Benz has withdrawn completely from motorsport for a significant period, notably

in the late 1930s, and after the 1955 Le Mans disaster, where a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR

collided with another car and killed more than 80 spectators. Stirling Moss and co-driver

Denis Jenkinson made history by winning the 1955 Mille Miglia road race in Italy during a

record-breaking drive with an average speed was almost 98 mph in a Mercedes-Benz 300

SLR.[53]

Although there was some activity in the intervening years, it was not until 1987 that

Mercedes-Benz returned to front line competition, returning to Le Mans, Deutsche

Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM), and Formula One with Sauber. The 1990s saw

Mercedes-Benz purchase British engine builder Ilmor (now Mercedes-Benz High

Performance Engines), and campaign IndyCars under the USAC/CART rules, eventually

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winning the 1994 Indianapolis 500 and 1994 CART IndyCar World Series Championship

with Al Unser, Jr. at the wheel. The 1990s also saw the return of Mercedes-Benz to GT

racing, and the Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR, both of which took the company to new heights

by dominating the FIA's GT1 class.

Mercedes-Benz is currently active in three forms of motorsport, Formula Three, DTM and

Formula One.

[edit] Formula 1

Main article: Mercedes-Benz in Formula One

Mercedes-Benz took part in the world championship in 1954 and 1955, but despite being

successful with two championship titles for Juan-Manuel Fangio,[54]

the company left the

sport after just two seasons. He is considered by many to be the best F1 driver in history.[55]

Mercedes-Benz returned as an engine supplier in the 1990s and part-owned Team McLaren

for some years, to which it has supplied engines engineered by Ilmor[56]

since 1995. This

partnership brought success, including drivers championships for Mika Häkkinen in 1998 and

1999, and for Lewis Hamilton in 2008, as well as a constructors championship in 1998. The

collaboration with McLaren had been extended into the production of roadgoing cars such as

the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren.

In 2007, McLaren-Mercedes was fined a record US$100 million for stealing confidential

Ferrari technical data.[57]

In 2009, Ross Brawn's newly conceived Formula One team, Brawn GP used Mercedes

engines to help win the constructor's championship, and Jenson Button to become champion

in the F1 drivers' championship. At the end of the season, Mercedes-Benz sold its 40% stake

in McLaren to the McLaren Group and bought 70% of the Brawn GP team jointly with an

Abu Dubai based investment consortium. Brawn GP was renamed Mercedes GP for the 2010

season and is, from this season on, a works team for Mercedes-Benz.

[edit] Noted employees

Paul Bracq—major designer of automobiles in the 20th century

Béla Barényi—car safety pioneer (rigid passenger safety shell), joined Daimler-Benz

in 1937[58]

Wilhelm Maybach—automotive pioneer, first met Gottlieb Daimler in 1865[59]

Ferdinand Porsche—founder of Porsche, joined Mercedes in 1923 and developed the

Kompressor[60]

Bruno Sacco—joined Daimler-Benz as a designer in 1958. Head of Design in 1975,

retired in 1999[61]

Rudolf Uhlenhaut—joined Daimler-Benz in 1931, his designs included the Silver

Arrows, the 300 SL and 300SLR[62]

Adolf Eichmann—former Nazi criminal. Worked in Argentina's factory after WWII

Rudolf Caracciola—one of the greatest GP drivers in history drove MB Silver Arrows

in competition

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[edit] Innovations

Numerous technological innovations have been introduced on Mercedes-Benz automobiles

throughout the many years of their production, including:

The internal combustion engined automobile was developed independently by Benz

and Daimler & Maybach in 1886

Daimler invented the honeycomb radiator of the type still used on all water-cooled

vehicles today

Daimler invented the float carburetor which was used until replaced by fuel injection

The "drop chassis"—the car originally designated the "Mercedes" by Daimler was

also the first car with a modern configuration, having the carriage lowered and set

between the front and rear wheels, with a front engine and powered rear wheels. All

earlier cars were "horseless carriages", which had high centres of gravity and various

engine/drive-train configurations

The first passenger road car to have brakes on all four wheels (1924)[63]

The "safety cage" or "safety cell" construction with front and rear crumple zones was

first developed by Mercedes-Benz in 1951. This is considered by many as the most

important innovation in automobile construction from a safety standpoint[2][verification

needed]

In 1959, Mercedes-Benz patented a device that prevents drive wheels from spinning

by intervening at the engine, transmission, or brakes. In 1987, Mercedes-Benz applied

its patent by introducing a traction control system that worked under both braking and

acceleration

Traction control and airbags in the European market, were Mercedes-Benz

innovations.[citation needed]

These technologies were introduced in 1986, and 1980

respectively

Mercedes-Benz was the first to introduce pre-tensioners to seat belts on the 1981 S-

Class. In the event of a crash, a pre-tensioner will tighten the belt instantaneously,

removing any 'slack' in the belt, which prevents the occupant from jerking forward in

a crash

In September 2003, Mercedes-Benz introduced the world's first seven-speed

automatic transmission called '7G-Tronic'

Electronic Stability Programme (ESP), brake assist,[64]

and many other types of safety

equipment were all developed, tested, and implemented into passenger cars—first—

by Mercedes-Benz. Mercedes-Benz has not made a large fuss about its innovations,

and has even licensed them for use by competitors—in the name of improving

automobile and passenger safety. As a result, crumple zones and anti-lock brakes

(ABS) are now standard on all modern vehicles.[2][verification needed]

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Mercedes M156 engine

The most powerful naturally aspirated eight-cylinder engine in the world is the

Mercedes-AMG, 6,208 cc M156 V8 engine at 85 PS (63 kW) per litre. The V8 engine

is badged '63 AMG', and replaced the '55 AMG' M113 engine in most models. The

M156 engine produces up to 391 kW (532 PS; 524 bhp), and although some models

using this engine do have this output (such as the S63 and CL63 AMGs), specific

output varies slightly across other models in the range[65]

The (W211) E320 CDI which has a variable geometry turbocharger (VTG) 2.8-litre

V6 common rail diesel engine (producing 224 hp/167 kW), set three world endurance

records. It covered 100,000 miles (160,000 km) in a record time, with an average

speed of 224.823 km/h (139.70 mph). Three identical cars did the endurance run (one

set above record) and the other two cars set world records for time taken to cover

100,000 kilometres (62,137 mi) and 50,000 miles (80,000 km) respectively. After all

three cars had completed the run, their combined distance was 300,000 miles

(480,000 km) (all records were FIA approved).[66][clarification needed]

Mercedes-Benz pioneered a system called Pre-Safe to detect an imminent crash—and

prepares the car's safety systems to respond optimally. It also calculates the optimal

braking force required to avoid an accident in emergency situations, and makes it

immediately available for when the driver depresses the brake pedal. Occupants are

also prepared by tightening the seat belt, closing the sunroof and windows, and

moving the seats into the optimal position.

Half a century of vehicle safety innovation helped win Mercedes-Benz the Safety Award at

the 2007 What Car? Awards.[63]

[edit] Robot cars

Main article: Driverless car

In the 1980s, Mercedes built the world's first robot car, together with the team of Professor

Ernst Dickmanns at Bundeswehr University Munich.[67]

Partially encouraged by Dickmanns'

success, in 1987 the European Union's EUREKA programme initiated the Prometheus

Project on autonomous vehicles, funded to the tune of nearly €800 million. A culmination

point was achieved in 1995, when Dickmanns' re-engineered autonomous S-Class Mercedes

took a long trip from Munich in Bavaria to Copenhagen in Denmark, and back. On highways,

the robot achieved speeds exceeding 175 km/h (109 mph) (permissible in some areas of the

German Autobahn). The car's abilities has heavily influenced robot car research and funding

decisions worldwide.

[edit] Tuners

Several companies have become car tuners (or modifiers) of Mercedes Benz, in order to

increase performance and/or luxury to a given model.

AMG is Mercedes-Benz's in-house performance-tuning division, specialising in high-

performance versions of most Mercedes-Benz cars. AMG engines are all hand-built,[68]

and

each completed engine receives a tag with the signature of the engineer who built it. AMG

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has been wholly owned by Mercedes-Benz since 1999.[69]

The 2009 SLS AMG, a revival of

the 300SL Gullwing, is the first car to be entirely developed by AMG.

There are numerous independent tuners including, Brabus, Carlsson, Kleemann, Renntech

and MKB.

2.)

The Project Fred began work on this project in 1985 after he

purchased the stock, beat-up rusty Mercedes hulk outside

Ft. Myers, Florida, and trailered it to his ranch in Northeast

Oklahoma. He started out by modifying the stock oval

tubular chassis to accommodate a Corvette independent

rear suspension with a Dana 44 utilizing 3.55 ring-and-

pinion, urethane bushings and modified Corvette disc

brakes. The front end was replaced with a modern Heidt

independent front suspension with rack and pinion steering

attached to a Cadillac tilt steering column, 11" disc brakes,

Aldan shocks and coilover springs. Braking is comprised of a TCI power brake assembly

with a dual master cylinder feeding the DOT juice through braided stainless brake lines

to a quartet of Wilwood calipers. Tires are Hoosier Pro-Street on Centerline wheels. The stainless steel gas tank was custom-made by Rock Valley.

The modified 2005 GM ZZ4 350 cubic inch engine boasts

over 400 dyno horsepower with it's hot roller camshaft and

1.6 roller rocker arms, ceramic exhaust headers,

aluminum heads, MSD ignition, and a brace of Weber

carburetors on an Inglese manifold. The nitrous oxide port

injection system provides 200 more horsepower when

activated by a switch on the gearshift handle. A custom

Griffin aluminum radiator provides cooling for the powerful

engine. Behind the powerplant hangs a B&M 700R-4

transmission with 2400-stall converter and topped with a

Lokar shifter. The entire drivetrain and suspension was shoehorned in by Edgar Morrison of Locust Grove, OK, requiring extensive frame modifications throughout.

The all-steel body began as one of the earliest post-

war sedans, having been manufactured at the end of

1948, and was originally sold in 1949. Some body

parts were borrowed from another old Mercedes Fred

has in his barn. The resulting composite was flawlessly

straightened out and painted with 1954 Mercedes

300Sc maroon. Evening trips to local restaurants are

guided by halogen-filled headlamps.

The sedan's interior includes glove-

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soft, Connolly leather stitched into extremely comfortable custom pillow seats with

padded leather door panels to match. The carpet is midnight gray wool. Other interior

amenities include custom aluminum billet panel for Stewart-Warner instrumentation

nestled beneath the beautiful original polished wood dash as well as all window frames

being laboriously refinished original wood. Other items include Sony CD player and

radio; Vintique Air climate control; and Dakota Digital remote door locks. The car was

totally rewired with Ron Francis wiring.

For those who are offended by performance modifications to a classic

Mercedes, a brief history of Mercedes-Benz is provided.

In 1885 the townspeople of Cannstatt, Germany, were startled to see Paul Daimler, son of

Gottlieb Daimler, roll away from No.14 Taubenheimstrasse on a wooden-spoked two-

wheeler powered by a fraction of a horsepower four-cycle internal combustion engine. That

belt driven motorcycle (actually a four-wheeler as it had two eight-inch diameter outrigger

wheels to keep it stable when at a standstill) was the forerunner of all automobiles.

Gottlieb Daimler was the first man to harness with any true degree of success a combustion

engine into a road vehicle. Granted there were horseless vehicle predecessors to Daimler's

motorcycle but Daimler's was the first recognized internal combustion vehicle and the first to

incorporate a practical transmission system.

Shortly after Daimler applied for his combustion motor patent, Carl Benz of Mannheim,

Germany was granted a German patent covering a three-wheel motor car he constructed in

1844. This single cylinder, 3/4 hp, benzene fueled motor car had a combination of belts,

chains and gears to transmit power to the rubber tired rear wheels but no gear change was

possible.

Daimler's first four-wheeler, a Victoria-type motor driven carriage, was built in 1866. By

1890 demands for Daimler's engine made expansion necessary and a corporation was formed,

the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft. or Daimler Motor Company as it was known in English.

Benz, with several associates formed another corporation, Benz & Company, at Mannheim.

Daimler continued his automotive research and prior to his death in 1900 was credited with

such inventions as the honeycomb type radiator; the float type carburetor; V-twin cylinder

engine (such as used in present-day Harley-Davidson motorcycles); interrupted low-tension

electric ignition; four-cylinder engine; foot accelerator; and motor and transmission in one

integral section.

http://www.ordain.com/history.htm

The first recorded auto race, sponsored by the Petit-Journal of Paris in 1894 and conducted

over a Paris to Rouen course, attracted forty-six entries and was looked forward to as a test of

the steamer and electric versus the gas burners. The first three winning cars were powered by

Daimler-built engines. From that time on the Daimler Mercedes and later (after 1926) the

Mercedes-Benz were to gain continuing prestige through their high-speed performance.

A wealthy banker-sportsman Emil Jellinek of Vienna was much impressed by the success of

the Daimler motor in racing competition. He purchased controlling stock interest in Daimler

in the early 1890's and put nearly unlimited funds at the disposal of Gottlieb and Daimler's

two sons, Paul and Adolph. It was Jellinek who encouraged Daimler in his idea to create what

was to be the most powerful car of its day, a 35 h.p. Monster.

In 1900 the 4-cylinder Daimler was completed and the car was christened

in honor of Emil Jellinek's beautiful daughter, Mercedes. The new car

was an immediate sensation. From its flaring front fenders, rakish

rearward sloping steering column to the T-head type cylinder

construction and twin carburetors, the Mercedes was a beauty and did

justice to its namesake.

Jellinek, controller of the Daimler plant, and father of the young lady for whom the 1900

luxury four-wheeler was named, was so obsessed with his interest in high-speed automobiles

that for nearly' five years he held exclusive rights to the bulk of the Mercedes production and

carefully limited the sale of the cars to individuals of known influence. Jellinek's own

international reputation as a sportsman and his careful selection of purchasers of the limited

number of Mercedes available placed the cars with an upper-bracket clientele which, nearly

as much as the car's own intrinsic superior engineering and design, gave the Mercedes it's

reputation as a quality and high performance product.

If one were to have made a post-war visit to the famous Mercedes-Benz factory at

Unterturkheim, Germany in October, 1945, one would have good reason to conclude that no

new cars would emerge from this site for at least another five years. The word "site" is used

reservedly, for between 70 and 80 percent of the factory buildings had been destroyed by

aerial bombardment and this same fate had overtaken most of the other plants at Sindelfingen

and elsewhere. Additionally, a large quantity of the light machine tools had been dispersed

during the war in what became the French occupied zone of Germany. Raw materials were

practically non-existent and the technical staff disrupted by the de-Nazifying enactments

which were then being enforced with the utmost severity. But in fact, it only took Dr. lng, W.

Haspel and O. Hoppe, and their co-directors a matter of only three years to rebuild and re-

equip the factories and to introduce the first post-war models. In 1948, the new four-door

saloon, which was made in its entirety at Sindelfingen, followed closely on the lines of the

2.3 liter car of 1939.

History Of The Three-Pointed Star

3)

The History Behind The Mercedes-Benz Brand And The Three-Pointed Star Posted April 17, 2008 At 10:40 AM CST

If you're a regular reader of eMercedesBenz, you're no doubt familiar with the origins of the Mercedes-Benz brand and the three-pointed star. But

for those of you who are just joining us or those of you who may have missed our past coverage on the subject, Daimler today has published a

refresher course detailing briefly the historical milestones that led to the Mercedes-Benz we know and love today.

A few of the topics covered include where the name Mercedes was derived from, what led to the introduction of the three-pointed star and what

the star symbolizes. Also shown are the various incarnations of the logo over the years, each of which played an instrumental role in helping

shape one of the most recognizable brands in existence.

To view these and a host of other details regarding the history of the Mercedes-Benz brand, you can find more info in the official press release

below.

Enjoy.

OFFICIAL PRESS RELEASE

The history behind the Mercedes-Benz brand and the three-pointed star

Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz

The invention in the 1880s of the high-speed engine and the automobile enabled Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz – independently of one another

– to lay the foundations for the motorization of road transport. With the help of financial backers and partners, they both invested their private

developments in their own enterprises – in Mannheim, Benz founded the firm Benz & Cie. in October 1883, and Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

(DMG) was formed in November 1890.

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In order to gain publicity and a certain distinction for their products, both companies sought a suitable trademark. To begin with, the inventors

used their own names – “Benz” and “Daimler” – which vouched for the origin and quality of the engines and vehicles. The trademark of the

Mannheim-based company Benz & Cie. remained unchanged, except that in 1909, the cog wheel symbol which had been used since 1903 was

replaced with a laurel wreath surrounding the name Benz. But the turn of the century brought a completely new brand name for products from

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) in Cannstatt: “Mercedes”. So what is the origin of this name?

Emil Jellinek becomes involved

Mercédès – a Spanish girl‟s name meaning „grace‟ – was the name of the daughter born in 1889 to the Austrian businessman, Emil Jellinek, who

had homes in Baden near Vienna and Nice.

A progressive thinker with an interest in sport, Jellinek turned his enthusiasm to the dawning age of the automobile, an invention he knew would

be of key importance for the future. As early as 1897, he made the journey to Cannstatt to visit the Daimler factory and ordered his first Daimler

car – a belt-driven vehicle with a six-hp two-cylinder engine.

But the car, delivered in October 1897 and with a top speed of 24 km/h, was soon too slow for Jellinek. He demanded 40 km/h and ordered two

more vehicles. Supplied in September 1898, the two Daimler Phoenix cars with their front–mounted eight-hp engines were the world‟s first road

vehicles with four-cylinder engines.

Emil Jellinek had good contacts with the worlds of international finance and the aristocracy and became increasingly active as a businessman. In

1898, he began to promote and sell Daimler automobiles, in particular, within the higher echelons of society. In 1899, DMG supplied Jellinek with

ten vehicles; in 1900, he received as many as 29.

Jellinek demanded ever faster and more powerful vehicles from DMG. From 1899, he entered these in race meetings – first and foremost of

which was the Nice Week – where he would race under his pseudonym Mercédès - the name of his daughter, ten years old at the time, and a

name that was well known in motoring circles. In the early days, the name referred to the team and driver – not to an automotive brand.

At the beginning of April 1900, Jellinek made an agreement with DMG concerning sales of cars and engines and the decision was taken to use

the Jellinek‟s pseudonym as a product name. In addition, it was agreed that a new engine “bearing the name Daimler-Mercedes” was to be

developed. Two weeks later, Jellinek ordered 36 of the vehicles at a total price of 550,000 marks – a sizeable order even by today‟s standards: in

2005, this total would have been equivalent to 2.3 million euros. Just a few weeks later, he placed a new order for another 36 vehicles, all with

eight-hp engines.

The first Mercedes and the new trade name

The first vehicle to be fitted with the new engine, a 35-hp racing car, was delivered to Jellinek by DMG on December 22, 1900. This first

„Mercedes‟, developed by Wilhelm Maybach, the chief engineer at DMG, caused quite a stir at the beginning of the new century. With its low

center of gravity, pressed-steel frame, lightweight high-performance engine and honeycomb radiator, it featured numerous innovations and is

regarded today as the first modern automobile.

The Nice Week in March 1901, during which the Mercedes vehicles were found to be unbeatable in virtually every discipline, attracted enormous

publicity for Jellinek and the Mercedes. In March and August 1901, the 12/16-hp and 8/11-hp sister models appeared. Jellinek‟s orders soon

stretched the Daimler plant in Cannstatt to full production capacity.

On June 23, 1902, „Mercédès‟ was lodged as the trade name and this was legally registered on September 26. From June 1903, Emil Jellinek

obtained permission to call himself Jellinek-Mercedes, commenting that “this is probably the first time a father has taken his daughter‟s name.”

The origin of the star

DMG now had a successful brand name, but still lacked a characteristic trademark. Then Paul and Adolf Daimler – the company founder‟s two

sons, and now senior executives at DMG – remembered that their father, who had died in March 1900 shortly before his 66th birthday, had once

used a star as a symbol.

Gottlieb Daimler had been technical director of the Deutz gas engine factory from 1872 until 1881. At the beginning of his employment there, he

had marked a star above his own house on a picture postcard of Cologne and Deutz, and had written to his wife that this star would one day

shine over his own factory to symbolize prosperity.

The DMG board immediately accepted the proposal and in June 1909, both a three-pointed and a four-pointed star were registered as

trademarks. Although both designs were legally protected, only the three-pointed star was used. From 1910 onward, a three-dimensional star

adorned the radiator at the front of the car.

The three-pointed star was supposed to symbolize Daimler‟s ambition of universal motorization – “on land, on water and in the air”. Over the

years, various small additions were made. In 1916, the tips were surrounded by a circle, in which four small stars and the word Mercedes were

integrated, or alternatively the names of the DMG plants at Untertürkheim or Berlin-Marienfelde.

In November 1921, DMG applied for legal protection of utility patents for new variations on their trademark and lodged with the patent office a

three-dimensional three-pointed star enclosed in a circle – which included the design intended for use on the radiator grille. It became a

registered trademark in August 1923.

A star guiding motorists everywhere

The period of inflation after the First World War meant a difficult time for sales – especially of luxury goods such as passenger cars – and had

serious repercussions on the automotive industry. Only financially strong companies with well-established brands were able to survive – although

even these were frequently forced into mergers and cooperative ventures. It was in this way that the former rivals, DMG and Benz & Cie., formed

a syndicate in 1924 in order to standardize design and production, as well as purchasing, sales and advertising, and thereby remain competitive.

During this period, the two companies generally marketed their products jointly, although still under separate trademarks. Two years later, in June

1926, the two oldest motor manufacturers merged to form Daimler-Benz AG.

At this point a new trademark was designed, which brought together the main characteristics of both the existing emblems – the world-renowned

three-pointed star belonging to Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft was surrounded with its trade name „Mercedes‟ as well as that of the equally

famous name „Benz‟, whose laurel wreath entwined the two names together.

This trademark, which has changed little over the decades, still adorns Mercedes-Benz vehicles and has come to represent quality and safety on

roads everywhere. And throughout the world the name „Mercedes-Benz‟ is synonymous with tradition, innovation and the future of the automobile.

The Inventors: Gottlieb Daimler (left), 1834-1900, inventor and creator of the first high-speed engine in 1883, the riding-car in 1885 and the first

motorised carriage in 1886. Carl Benz (right), 1844-1929, inventor and creator of the first complete automobile, the Benz Patent Motor Car in

1886.

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Wilhelm Maybach, 1846-1929, Companion of Gottlieb Daimler who built the first "Mercedes" in 1901; also known as the "King of Constructors"

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Emil Jellinek, already known under the sobriquet 'Monsieur Mercedes' - a name he had borrowed from his daughter

'Mercedes' Jellinek , Emil Jellinek's ten-year-old daughter

The "Mercedes 35 hp", the first modern automobile, 1901.

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On June 23, 1902, „Mercedes‟ was lodged as the trade name and this was legally registered on September 26.

Trademark: Three-pointed star of 1909 (upper left). Trademark of Benz & Cie. of 1909 (upper right). Three-pointed star in the circle of 1916

(middle left). The new trademark of the merger of DMG and Benz Cie. in 1926 (middle right). The actual three-pointed star (below).

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The merger certificate of 1926 seals the merger between Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, Untertürkheim, and Benz & Cie., Mannheim.

Trademarks: Mercedes (DMG), Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz AG), Benz (Benz & Cie.).

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The joint products bore the brand name "Mercedes-Benz". And the world famous trademark still valid today was derived from merging Daimler's

three-pointed star inside a ring with the trade names "Mercedes" and "Benz" that are linked by the laurel wreath from the Benz logo.

http://www.emercedesbenz.com/Images/Apr08/17_History_Of_Mercedes_Benz_And_Three_Pointed_Star/437208_715484_2820_3787_13989_CL0436.jpg

Merger between Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft and Benz & Cie.: The merger poster of 1926, with the new brand Mercedes-Benz.

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4)

History of Mercedes-Benz

By George Garza Info Guru, Catalogs.com

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This old Mercedes-Benz convertible was produced in Germany.

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The Mercedez Benz company started out through a merger in 1926.

This history of Mercedes-Benz starts in the late 1800s and ends with their post World War I experience. Mercedes-Benz is a car

produced by the Daimler-Benz company of Germany. The Daimler-Benz company was founded through a merger in 1926. In

the mid-1880s, Gottlieb Daimler (1834–1900) worked with Wilhelm Maybach (1846–1929), and Karl Benz (1844–1929) and

independently invented the internal combustion engine-powered automobile in southwestern Germany.

Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler

In 1886, Benz built a motorized tricycle. The Victoria, built in 1893, was his first four-wheeler. The first production car was the

1894 Benz Velo, which participated in the first-recorded car race - the Paris-Rouen race. In 1895, Benz built his first truck.

In 1886, Daimler built a horseless carriage. In 1888, Daimler made a business deal with William Steinway (of piano fame) to

produce Daimler's products in the United States. From 1904 until a fire in 1907, Steinway produced Mercedes passenger cars -

Daimler's light trucks - and his engines in Long Island.

On March 8, 1886, Daimler purchased a stagecoach made by Wilhelm Wimpff&Sohn. Daimler and Maybach modified it to hold

an internal combustion engine. No other travel vehicles of the time were propelled by this type of engine. It was a carriage

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without horses. Daimler and Maybach built the first four-stroke engine-powered automobile with four wheels in 1889. They

founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) in 1890 and sold their first automobile in 1892.

In 1899, DMG automobiles built in Untertürkheim, Germany were raced successfully by automobile enthusiast and dealer Emil

Jellinek. Jellinek had the name of his daughter, Mercedes, painted on the automobiles for good luck. Jellinek's desire for faster

race cars spurred the development of the 1902 DMG model that would be the first of the DMG Mercedes series, bearing the

name of his daughter. Lighter and smaller, the new Mercedes had a 35 horse power and a top speed of 55 miles per hour

(mph)!

Benz was also busy. He founded Benz & Cie. The company became the world's first and largest manufacturer of automobiles by

1900. In 1903, the Parsifil was Benz's response to the Mercedes. A two cylinder vertical engine produced a top speed of 37

mph in this car.

Aware of the promotional potential of racing, both Daimler and Benz entered many of them. Until 1908, Daimler had

overshadowed Benz in racing endeavors. But at the 1908 French Grand Prix, Benz took second and third place behind a

Mercedes. From that point on, both Benz and Daimler did well in racing.

WWI and Afterward

At the beginning of WWI, both factories were converted into war production sites, but afterwards both resumed car production.

The falling German economy hurt both companies. There was very little fuel for cars and a 15 percent luxury tax on automobile

production hurt sales. This market sent Benz and Cie. seeking a partner. The only one the board considered was DMG.

It looked like a good deal. Karl Jahn, a Benz board member, approached DMG about a possible merger. There were talks, but it

was abandoned in December of 1919. Times were bad for Germany and for both companies. As the German economy

worsened, a new Benz automobile eventually cost 25 million marks.

From sheer economic necessity, in 1924 Benz and DMG signed an agreement of mutual interest. The two companies merged

with relative ease on June 28, 1926.Although both companies retained their identities, the agreement was valid until the year

2000. This is the fascinating history of Mercedes-Benz.

5.)