1 listening listening 7: inter-act, 13 th edition 7: inter-act, 13 th edition
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Listening Listening Listening Listening
7: Inter-Act, 137: Inter-Act, 13thth Edition Edition
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Listening
Listening makes up 42-60% Listening makes up 42-60% of our communication.of our communication.
WritingSpeaking Reading
Listening StylesListening Styles• Content-oriented: prefer to focus on facts
and evidence
• People-oriented: prefer to focus on conversational partners and their feelings
• Action-oriented: prefer to focus on point speaker is trying to make
• Time-oriented: prefer brief and swift conversations
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Listening ApprehensionListening Apprehension
• Fear of misinterpretation
• Fear of the psychological affect of the message
Dual Processes in ListeningDual Processes in Listening
• Passive listening: effortless, thoughtless, and habitual process
• Active listening: skillful, intentional, deliberate, and conscious process
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ListeningListening
• Attending
• Understanding
• Remembering
• Critically Evaluating
• Responding
The process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages
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AttendingAttending
The process of willfully striving to perceive selected sounds that are being heardGet physically and mentally ready to
listen.Make the shift from speaker to listener a
complete one.Resist tuning out.Avoid interrupting.
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UnderstandingUnderstandingProcess of accurately decoding a message so that you share its meaning with the speaker
Identify the speaker’s purpose and key points.
Observe nonverbal cues.
Ask clarifying questions.
Paraphrase what you heard.
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Paraphrase the following statements to Paraphrase the following statements to reflect both the thoughts and feelings of reflect both the thoughts and feelings of the person speaking:the person speaking:
1. “I really like communication, but what could I do with a major in this field?”
2. “I don’t know if Pat and I are getting too serious too fast.”
3. “You can borrow my car, if you really need to, but please be careful with it. I can’t afford any repairs and if you have an accident, I won’t be able to drive to D.C. this weekend.”
RememberingRemembering
Reasons we fail to remember
• We filter out messages• We listen anxiously or
passively• We remember “easy” or
“desirable” messages • We forget the middle
Primacy effectRecency effect
Using repetition to remember
• Repeat two, three, four times
• Create mnemonics• Take notes
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Process of moving information from short-term memory to long-term memory
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MnemonicsMnemonicsAny artificial technique used as a memory aid
For example: take the first letter of a list you are trying to remember and create a word
HOMES (the five Great Lakes) Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior
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Note TakingNote Taking Take notes when you are listening to complex information.
Brief outline:Overall ideaMain pointsKey developmental material
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Critically Evaluating Critically Evaluating Information Information
• Separate facts from inferencesFact – a verifiable statementInference – a conclusion drawn
from facts
• Probe for information
RespondingRespondingProcess of providing feedback to your partner’s message
Back-channel cues: verbal and nonverbal signals demonstrating listener response to the speaker
Reply when message is complete
Respond to the previous message before changing the subject
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Digital Communication LiteracyDigital Communication Literacy
• Extra effort is required to understand digital messages.
• Critically evaluate social media messages to separate facts from inferences.
• Recognize underlying motives, values, ideologies.
• Digital messages should not completely replace face-to-face communication.
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