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Latest Generations of

Multi Core Processors

2011 - 2012

Looking forward to Sandy / Ivry Looking forward to Sandy / Ivry BridgeBridge

1st Generation of advancedMulti Core Technology

2nd Generation

3rd Generation

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Intel’sIntel’s strategystrategy

Intel introduces new microprocessor architectures every 2 years as part of “Tick-Tock” strategy:

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Sandy Bridge

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Sandy BridgeSandy Bridge Sandy Bridge microchip will have an architecture

optimized for 32-nanometer transistors The Sandy Bridge microarchitecture is also said to focus

on the connections of the processor core like vertical interconnects and multilevel dies

Increase in FLOPs by using AVX (Advanced Vector Extensions)

Haswell will be the successor to Sandy Bridge will be in 22nm.

The tick tock model works just fine…!!!

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IntelIntel’s’s Sandy BridgeSandy Bridge

Sandy Bridge is the codename for a microarchitecture developed by Intel beginning in 2005 for CPUs in computers to replace the Nehalem microarchitecture

It was designed for the full range of applications from mobile devices, laptop and desktop computers, to large enterprise servers

Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor in 2009, and released first products in January 2011 based on the architecture

It is offered in 2, 4 and 8 Cores.

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IntelIntel’s’s Sandy BridgeSandy Bridge

Sandy Bridge main features:◦ 32 nm fabrication process ◦ CPU clock rate 1.4–3.4 GHz, grafics clock rate 350-

850 MHz (for different models)◦ Turbo Boost 2.0 technology enables rise of clock rate till

3.8 GHz and 1350 MHz respectively◦ 32 kB data + 32 kB instruction L1 cache (3 clocks) and 256 kB

L2 cache (8 clocks) per core ◦ Shared L3 cache , 3-8 MB (25 clocks) .

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IntelIntel’s’s Sandy BridgeSandy Bridge

◦ Sandy Bridge has integrated graphic controller and specialized accelerator; it accelerates multimedia content processing significantly

◦ Sandy Bridge supports DirectX 10.1 and OpenCL 1.1; its productivity far exceeds the performance of the first generation Core

◦ Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) 256-bit instruction set with wider vectors, new extensible syntax and rich functionality .

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IntelIntel’s’s Sandy BridgeSandy Bridge

◦ Decoded micro-operation cache and enlarged, optimized branch predictor

◦ 256-bit/cycle ring bus interconnect between cores, graphics, cache and System Agent Domain

◦ Intel Quick Sync Video, hardware support for video encoding and decoding

◦ Some types up to 8 physical cores or 16 logical cores through Hyper-threading

◦ TDP of desktop CPUs is 35–95 W, for mobile CPUs –17-55 W.

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IntelIntel’s’s Sandy BridgeSandy Bridge

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Sandy Bridge microarchitecture

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Sandy Bridge: ring busSandy Bridge: ring bus

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Each core, each slice of L3 (LLC) cache, the on-die GPU, media engine and the system agent all have a stop on the ring busThe bus is made up of four independent rings: a data ring, request ring, acknowledge ring and snoop ring. Each stop for each ring can accept 32-bytes of data per clock

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IvryIvry BridgeBridge

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Ivry Bridge CPU for Notebooks

Ivy Bridge is the first chip to use Intel's 22nm tri-gate transistors, which will help scale frequency and reduce power consumption

At a high level Ivy Bridge looks a lot like Sandy Bridge

Ivy Bridge is considered a tick from the CPU perspective but a tock from the GPU perspective

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Intel’s Ivy Bridge

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IntelIntel’s’s Ivy BridgeIvy Bridge

IntelIntel’s’s Ivy BridgeIvy Bridge

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Sandy Bridge brought a completely redesigned GPU core onto the processor die itself

With Ivry Bridge the GPU remains on die but it grows more than the CPU does this generation

Ivry Bridge GPU adds support for OpenCL 1.1, DirectX 11 and OpenGL 3.1

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Intel’s Ivry Bridge

Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is a framework for writing Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of central processing unit (CPUs), graphics processing unit (GPUs), of central processing unit (CPUs), graphics processing unit (GPUs), and other processors. OpenCL includes a language (based on C99) and other processors. OpenCL includes a language (based on C99)

for writing for writing kernelskernels (functions that execute on OpenCL devices), plus (functions that execute on OpenCL devices), plus application programming interfaces (APIs) that are used to define application programming interfaces (APIs) that are used to define

and then control the platforms. OpenCL provides parallel computing and then control the platforms. OpenCL provides parallel computing using task-based and data-based parallelism. OpenCL is an open using task-based and data-based parallelism. OpenCL is an open

standard maintained by the non-profit technology consortium standard maintained by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group. It has been adopted by Intel, Advanced Micro Khronos Group. It has been adopted by Intel, Advanced Micro

Devices, Nvidia, and ARM HoldingsDevices, Nvidia, and ARM Holdings..

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OpenCL 1.1

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OpenGL (Open Graphics Library)[3] is a standard specification defining a cross-language, cross-platform API for writing applications that produce 2D and 3D computer graphics. The interface consists of over 250 different function calls which can be used to draw complex three-dimensional scenes from simple primitives. OpenGL was developed by Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) in 1992[4] and is widely used in CAD, virtual reality, scientific visualization, information visualization, flight simulation, and video games. OpenGL is managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.

OpenGL serves two main purposes, to: 1.hide complexities of interfacing with different 3D accelerators by presenting a single, uniform interface 2.hide differing capabilities of hardware platforms by requiring support of the full OpenGL feature set for all implementations (using software emulation if necessary)

Open GL

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Sandy / Ivry Bridge