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1. Judicial review 2. Impressment 3. Revolution of 1800 4. midnight judges 5. Chesapeake incident 6. Marbury v. Madison 7. Louisiana Purchase Treaty Slide 2 1800-1812 Slide 3 Alien and Sedition Acts brought more enemies than friends Hamiltonians split off from Adams and the rest of the party Hamilton even printed pamphlets against Adams War preparation had caused an increase in: public debt New taxes (including a Stamp tax) War prep soon seemed not only unnecessary but extravagant Slide 4 Federalists focus on Jefferson Claim he robbed a widow and her children of $ Fathered children with a slave Sally Hemings (his wifes half sister) Jefferson believed in God but propaganda spun him as an atheist Slide 5 Jefferson won the south Aaron Burr helped win over NY for Jefferson Adams gained 4 more states than before 3/5ths clause worked to Jeffersons advantage Problem: Jefferson and Burr (his running mate) tie in electoral college, the House of Reps. Breaks the tie The 12 th Amendment (1804) prevents such a tie again Slide 6 1800 Election Results AdamsJefferson Slide 7 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas JeffersonVirginia Democratic- Republican 7352.9% Aaron BurrNew York Democratic- Republican 7352.9% John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist6547.1% Charles PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist6446.4% John JayNew YorkFederalist 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority70 Slide 8 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!) 1 vote for each State 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!) 1 vote for each State Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic-Republican1062.5% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic-Republican 425.0% Blank------- 212.5% Slide 9 North: negro president and was an example of illegitimate power of the southern states Federalists hope for moderation from Jefferson Adams was last federalist president Jefferson claims election is a revolution Restoring republican experiment checking the growth of Gov. power Transfer of power was peaceful Slide 10 March 4, 1801 Jefferson inaugurated Washington DC is the new capitol Jefferson: Tall 6 ft 2 in. Red hair Walked to capitol building Washington DC matched with the frugality & simplicity of the Jeff. Dem- Rep. Slide 11 Many of the principles Jefferson had lobbied for he had to abandon as President Two Jeffersons public vs. private Realized theories dont always work in reality Showed moderation in public appointments as promised in his inaugural speech This lack of patronage upset many in his only party Jefferson changed very little of what had previously been set in place under Hamilton Slide 12 Last minute attempt by the Federalists in Congress before Democratic-Republicans came to power Created 16 new federal judges and judicial offices Adams signed the commissioned midnight judges on his last days in office The idea was to fill positions that had lifetime seats with Federalists to ensure Federalist strength in the government Slide 13 Dem-Rep Congress repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801 in 1802 Chief Justice John Marshall became the next target of the Dem-Rep Marshall would shape the legal tradition more profoundly than any other single figure in history Slide 14 Federalist Served 30 days under Federalist president and 34 years under others Ruled on Marbury vs. Madison Champione/created judicial review Slide 15 William Marbury- named justice of the peace for DC by Adams James Madison- new sec. of state Madison was going to put Marburys position on hold permanently Marshall ruled against Marbury but then said that Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional Established judicial review- the court has the final say on the constitution Slide 16 Jefferson reduces the military force to 2,500 men and officers Believed in peaceful coercion Dem-Reps believed large standing armies were catalysts for dictatorships Navies are less to be feared Slide 17 Slide 18 The Barbary nations had forced nations to pay a protection fee for their trade. Jefferson refused to pay tribute but wanted to avoid war Tripoli declared informal war on the US by cutting down the flagstaff of the American consulate Jefferson sent the navy to Tripoli 4 years later Jefferson received peace treaty (1805) Slide 19 Napoleon gets the King of Spain to give France the trans-Mississippi land (including New Orleans) in 1800 Spains control of that land didnt worry the US, but Napoleons control could mean a long war Jefferson is anti-war and anti entanglement Slide 20 Jefferson sends James Monroe to Paris to join Robert Livingston to discuss selling New Orleans The two men were told to buy as much land as possible, to the east, for $10 million Napoleon decided to sell the entire piece of land because: Failure in Santo Domingo Yellow fever hit troops hard with slave rebellion Feared having to give Britain the land in a deal at the end of the war Hopes the Americans will be strong enough to stop the British from any New World ambitions Slide 21 April 30, 1803 France ceded Louisiana to the US for $15 million The amount of land would more than double the size of the US Slide 22 Slide 23 STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST DEMOCRATIC VISIONARY Where in the Constitution does it say he is able to buy large expanses of land? Purchase technically unconstitutional Believes the land can provide an empire of liberty that would solidify the American experiment Submitted the treaties to the Senate to be ratified Slide 24 America now controls one of the most profitable regions of the New World Valley of Democracy Set precedents for future acquisitions They would be admitted as equals US now was virtually free from Old World entanglements avoided war with France and an alliance with Britain Slide 25 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark are commissioned to explore the northern part of the territory Soshoni woman named Sacagawea aids them Went from St. Louis to the Pacific Coast 2 year expedition of scientific observations, maps and knowledge of the Indians Proved overland trail to Pacific was possible Slide 26 Slide 27 Served as TJs 1 st VP and then dropped in 2 nd term Joined Federalist extremists to plot secession of New England and New York Hamilton exposed the conspiracy Burr challenged him to a duel Slide 28 Joins forces with General James Wilkinson (military governor of Louisiana Terr.) Planned to separate Western part of US from east and establish a confederacy Burr was betrayed by Wilkinson who found out Jefferson knew what they were doing Burr was arrested and tried for treason Marshall let him off saying they needed proof of treason He fled to Europe where he tried to start problems with Napoleon and the US Slide 29 Slide 30 1805 Battle of Trafalgar- ensured Britains supremacy on the seas Battle of Austerlitz (Battle of 3 Emperors) Napoleon supremacy on land is proven 1806- Orders in Council- closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping to vessels who didnt stop in an English port first Napoleon ordered the seizure of merchant ships including American that entered British ports America is stuck in the middle unable to trade with either Slide 31 Impressment- seizure and forcible enlistment of American sailors 6,000 Americans were impressed by the British from 1808-1811 Many died in service to Britain Slide 32 1807 US ship the Chesapeake was fired upon until badly weakened then boarded to search for deserters Americans were furious due to weakness of army and navy in Jeffersons presidency war was avoided Slide 33 Forbid exportation of all goods from the US in American and foreign ships The test of Jeffersons peaceful coercion American economy struggled under the embargo (both north and south) New England seethed with talk of secession Law hurt the economy more than the piracy Congress repealed the embargo on March 1, 1809 Non-Intercourse Act (1809) formally reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France Slide 34 Jefferson underestimated the British determination Overestimated the dependence of both Britain and France on American trade Miscalculated the unpopularity at home of the embargo Slide 35 Slide 36 Took office March 4, 1809 Crippled by division in his party and cabinet Couldnt dominate Congress like Jefferson had Macons Bill No. 2 dismantled the embargo on Britain and France under the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 If either Britain or France repealed their commercial restrictions, America would resume trade with that nation Madison accepted Napoleons offer despite better wisdom Slide 37 In Macons Bill, it said Britain had 3 months to remove the Orders in Council. They didnt Madisons gamble had failed miserably This meant the end to American neutrality and would probably lead to war The embargo was put back against Britain alone Slide 38 Congress now consists of war hawks new young men Western war hawks wanted to get rid of the Indian problem Convinced that the British scalp buyers were aiding the Indians Slide 39 Shawnee brothers who were sick of the white invaders Joined together to form a confederacy of Indian nations Wore buckskin and rejected alcohol Decided they would never cede land unless all Indians agreed Slide 40 William Henry Harrison (governor of Indiana terr. ) Harrison and his army attacked Tecumsehs headquarters in 1811 the prophet attacked Harrisons army Shawnee settlement was burned Harrison becomes a national hero Drove Tecumseh to an alliance with the British Slide 41 War hawks in Congress On to Canada, on to Canada Turned to war to restore confidence in the republican experiment Madison asked for war on June 1, 1812 Congress agreed 2 weeks later Closely divided Congress- shows sectional and partisan split War support came from the South and West and Dem-Rep New England and the Feds. were against the war