1 jay network final.pptx

8/11/2019 1 JAY NETWORK FINAL.pptx

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SUBMITTED BY : JAYVEER DEO

SUBMITTED TO : PROF. I. CHAKRAPANI


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Computer network A collection of computingdevices that are connected in various ways inorder to communicate and share resources

Usually, the connections betweencomputers in a network are made usingphysical wires or cables

However, some connections are wireless, using

radio waves or infrared signals


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The generic term nodeor hostrefers to anydevice on a network

Data transfer rate The speed with whichdata is moved from one place on a network toanother

Data transfer rate is a key issuein computernetworks


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Computer networks have opened up anentire frontier in the world of computing

called the client/server model


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File server A computer that stores andmanages files for multiple users on a network

Web server A computer dedicated toresponding to requests (from the browserclient) for web pages


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Local-area network(LAN) A network thatconnects a relatively small number of

machines in a relatively close geographicalarea


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Various configurations, called topologies, have beenused to administer LANs

Ring topology A configuration that connects all nodes ina closed loop on which messages travel in one direction

Star topology A configuration that centers around onenode to which all others are connected and through which

all messages are sent Bus topology All nodes are connected to a single

communication line that carries messages in bothdirections


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A bus technology called Ethernethas become the industry standard for local-areanetworks


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Wide-area network(WAN) A network thatconnects two or more local-area networks over a

potentially large geographic distance

Often one particular node on a LAN is set up to serve as agatewayto handle all communication going between thatLAN and other networks

Communication between networks is called

internetworking

The Internet,as we know it today, is essentially theultimate wide-area network, spanning the entire globe


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Metropolitan-area network(MAN) Thecommunication infrastructures that have

been developed in and around large cities


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Well, nobody does. No single person orcompany owns the Internet or even controls

it entirely. As a wide-area network, it is madeup of many smaller networks. These smallernetworks are often owned and managed by aperson or organization. The Internet, then, isreally defined by how connections can bemade between these networks.


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Local-area networks connected across a

distance to create a wide-area network


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Internet backbone A set of high-speednetworks that carry Internet traffic

These networks are provided by companiessuch as AT&T, GTE, and IBM Internet service provider(ISP)A company

that provides other companies or individualswith access to the Internet


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There are various technologies available that you can use toconnect a home computer to the Internet

A phone modemconverts computer data into an analog audio

signal for transfer over a telephone line, and then a modem at thedestination converts it back again into data

A digital subscriber line(DSL)uses regular copper phone lines totransfer digital data to and from the phone companys centraloffice

A cable modemusesthe same line that your cable TV signalscome in on to transfer the data back and forth


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To improve the efficiency of transferring informationover a shared communication line, messages aredivided into fixed-sized, numbered packets

Network devices called routers are used to direct

packets between networks


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Network protocols are layered such that eachone relies on the protocols that underlie it

Sometimes referred to as a protocol stack

Layering of key network protocols


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TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol

TCP software breaks messages into packets,

hands them off to the IP software for delivery, and

then orders and reassembles the packets at theirdestination

IP stands for Internet Protocol

IP software deals with the routing of packetsthrough the maze of interconnected networks to

their final destination


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UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol

It is an alternative to TCP

The main difference is that TCP is highly reliable,

at the cost of decreased performance, while UDP

is less reliable, but generally faster


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Other protocols build on the foundationestablished by the TCP/IP protocol suite

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Telnet

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http)


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By far the most popular application on the Internettoday is electronic mail (email). The protocol thatsupports email on the Internet is Simple Mail TransferProtocol (SMTP). To send and receive email, the usermust install both client and server SMTP software ona computer. SMTP is often used with another protocolsuch as Post Office Protocol (POP).


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The standard protocol on the Internet for transferring a file fromone machine to another is the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTPwas designed to respond to traditional problems related to filetransfer, one problem is the different coding systems in use; onemachine may use ASCII, and the other may use Unicode. Another

problem is the different file formats in use. FTP was designed toresolve these problems.


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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a client-serverprogram that is used to access and transfer documents inthe World Wide Web.

Uniform Resource locator (URL) HTTP uses a specialkind of addressing called the Uniform Resource Locator

(URL), which is a standard for specifying any kind ofinformation on the Internet. The URL defines four things:method, host computer, port, and path.


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A computer network is a combination of devicesconnected by transmission media.

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is atheoretical model that shows how any two different

systems can communicate with each other. The seven layers of the OSI model are the physical layer,

data-link layer, Network layer, transport layer, sessionlayer, presentation layer, and application layer.

A local area network (LAN) allows resource sharing

(hardware, software, and data) between computers. A LAN can de configured in a bus, ring, or star topology. A metropolitan area network (MAN) uses the services

provided by a common carrier.


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A wide area network (WAN) is the connection of individualcomputers or LANs over a large area. WANs are installedand run by common carriers.

A repeater is a connecting device that regenerates data

and extends the physical length of a network. A bridge is a connecting device that filters traffic. A router is a connecting device that routes packets. A gateway allows two networks, each with a completely

different protocol suite, to communicate.

An internetwork is two or more LANs, MANs, or WANs. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)is the set of protocols used by the Internet, a worldwideinternetwork of computers


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1 jay network final.pptx

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