1 introduction to premises cabling system
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Premises Cabling SystemTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction toIntroduction toPREMISES CABLING SYSTEMPREMISES CABLING SYSTEM
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Standards
TIA/EIATIA/EIA--569569AS 3084AS 3084 CSA T 530CSA T 530
EN50173EN50173 ISO/IEC 11801ISO/IEC 11801 CSA T 529CSA T 529TIA/EIATIA/EIA--568A568AAS/NZS 3080AS/NZS 3080
EIAEIATIATIA
CENELECCENELEC IECIEC CSACSAANSIANSIAS/NZSAS/NZS
ISOISO
TIA/EIATIA/EIA--606606AS/NZS 3085AS/NZS 3085 CSA T 529CSA T 529
TIA/EIATIA/EIA--607607 CSA T 528CSA T 528
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Benefits of Standards Compliance
• Assurance that cabling system will support standards-based applications
− Future network applications will most likely be developed based on infrastructure standards
• Simplify administration
− Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
• Accommodate future growth
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ISO/IEC-11801• Generic cabling for customer premises Standard
− Approved and released in 1995− The de-facto standard that all other organizations model their
standards after
• Purpose− To provide a world standard for the design, installation, and
administration of commercial building telecommunications systems.
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TIA/EIA-568A• Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling
Standard− EIA/TIA-568 - July 1991− TIA/EIA-568A - October 1995− EIA/TIA-568B - 2000
• Purpose− To enable the planning and installation of a structured cabling
system for commercial buildings...− ...specifying a generic telecommunications cabling system that
will support a multi-product, multi-vendor environment
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ISO/IEC-11801 and TIA/EIA-568A Overview
Major sections include:• Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations• Horizontal and Backbone Cabling• Telecommunications Closets, Equipment Rooms,
Building Entrance Facilities• Unshielded Twisted Pair, Shielded Twisted Pair and
Optical Fiber Cabling and Connecting Hardware• Shielding Practices• Link Specifications and Testing
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ISO/IEC-11801 and TIA/EIA-568A Differences
Cable Type:• ISO allows 120Ω cable and 50/125µm optical fiber
Terminology:TIA/EIA-568AMain Cross Connect
Intermediate Cross Connect
Horizontal Cross Connect/Telecommunications Closet
Entrance Facility
Interbuilding Backbone
Intrabuilding Backbone
ISO/IEC 11801Campus Distributor
Building Distributor
Floor Distributor
Building Entrance Facility
Campus Backbone
Building Backbone
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TIA/EIA-569A• Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications
Pathways and Spaces• Purpose
− Standardize specific design and construction practices within and between buildings which are in support of telecommunications media and equipment
• Sections− Horizontal Pathways− Backbone Pathways− Work Area− Telecommunications Closet, Equipment Room, Entrance
Facilities
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TIA/EIA-606• Administration Standard for the Telecommunications
Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings• Purpose
− To provide a uniform administration scheme that is independent of applications and establishes guidelines for owners, end users, manufacturers, consultants, contractors, designers, installers, and facilities administrators involved inthe administration of telecommunications infrastructure
• Sections− Administration Concepts− Pathway and Space, and Grounding & Bonding Administration− Labeling and Color Coding
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TIA/EIA-607• Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding
Requirements for the Telecommunications Industry• Purpose
− To enable the planning, design, and installation of a telecommunications grounding system that supports a multi-vendor, multi-product environment as well as the grounding practices for various systems
• Sections− Grounding and Bonding Overview− Components of the Grounding and Bonding Infrastructure− Telecommunications Closet, Equipment Room, and Entrance
Facilities
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Elements/Sub-Systems
• Work Area• Horizontal Cabling• Telecommunications Closet• Backbone Cabling• Equipment Room• Entrance Facility• Administration
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Campus Cabling Diagram
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Campus Cabling Diagram
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Hierarchical Star Topology
MDF/CD
IDF/BD
HorizontalCabling
BackboneCabling
TC
H………H
WA
TC
WAH………H
TC
WAH………H
TC
WAH………H
TC
WAH………H
TC
WAH………H
FD
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Work Area, Horizontal Cabling, Telecommunications Closet
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Backbone Cabling, Equipment Room,Entrance Facilities
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Elements/Sub-Systems - Administration
• Work Area• Horizontal Cabling• Telecommunications Closet• Backbone Cabling• Equipment Room• Entrance Facility
• Administration
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Twisted Pair Cabling
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Cable Classification
Category 3/Class C - 16 MHz
Category 5/Class D - 100 MHz
Category 5e/Class D - 100 MHz
Category 6/Class E - 250 MHz
Category 7/Class F - 600 MHz
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Twisted Pair Types
UTP
FTP, SFTP
STP, PiMF
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Crosstalk
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Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)
Transmit
Receive
• Crosstalk measures the amount of signal interference from one pair to another pair
• NEXT measures crosstalk at the signal source (Near End)
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Twisted Pair Construction
22/24 AWG
PVC, LSZH, FEP
22/26 AWG(PiMF = 23 AWG, 4-pair)
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Optical Fiber Overview
• Reflection• Refraction• Refractive Index• Core/Cladding • Numerical Aperture• Modes• Wavelength
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Advantages of Fiber Optics
• Large Bandwidth
• Low Attenuation
• No Crosstalk
• No Radio Freq. or Electromagnetic Emissions
• No RFI or EMI susceptibility
• No Ground Loops
• Safety, no Shock or Spark Hazards
• High Future Upgrade Capability
• No EMP susceptibility
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Reflection vs. Refraction
Source
Refraction
Reflection
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Refractive Index
Speed of Light (Vacuum)Speed of Light (Medium)
N =
N2
N1
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Internal Reflection in a Fiber
b = sinC
1.461.48
-1 = 80.6°
80.680.6n = 1.461
n = 1.482
n = 1.461
Cladding = n1
Core = n 2
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Core/Cladding
CladdingGlass Tube
CoreGlassRod
Hea
t
Hea
tFiber
Cladding
Core
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CROSS SECTION OF A TYPICAL FIBER
Core
Cladding125 um
Coating250 um, 400 um or 900 um
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Numerical Aperture and Modes
Low Order Modes Axial Mode
Acceptance Cone High Order Modes
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Wavelength
ATTENUATION
850 1300/1310 1550
WAVELENGTH
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Optical Fiber Review
• Reflection• Refraction• Refractive Index• Core/Cladding • Numerical Aperture• Modes• Wavelength
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Optical Fiber Types
• Multi-mode− accepts many modes of light− supports 850 and 1300 nanometer wavelengths
• Singlemode− accepts only one mode of light - the axial mode− supports 1310 and 1550 nanometer wavelengths
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Optical Fiber Types
SinglemodeMultimode
Graded Index Preform
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Multi-mode Step Index
Source
Dispersion
Output Pulse
Input Pulse
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Multi-mode Graded Index
Dispersion
Source
Output Pulse
Input Pulse
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Multi-mode Optical Fiber Sizes
50/12562.5/125
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Singlemode Fiber
Source
Output PulseInput Pulse
125 m Cladding Diameter
8.3 to 10 m Core Diameter
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FIBER TYPES
Multimode step index fiber
Singlemode step index fiber
Multimode graded index fiber
Low Order Mode
Input Pulse
Output Pulse
Input Pulse Output Pulse
Input Pulse
Output Pulse
Refractive Index Profile
Refractive Index Profile
Refractive Index Profile
Only one mode, No mode dispersion
High Order Mode
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Optical Fiber from a preform
Preform
Muffle furnace
Fiber
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Optical Fiber Components
Fiber Coating ProtectiveBuffer
StrengthMembers
OuterJacket
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CABLE CONSTRUCTIONCABLE CONSTRUCTION
PVC Outer Jacket
Kevlar Strength MembersHytrel Buffer
Optical Fiber
Simplex, Tight Buffer Cable
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Coatings and Buffers
Loose Tube
Tight Tube
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Strength Members and Outer Jackets
KevlarPVC, LSZH, FEP (Plenum)
Steel/Fiberglass
PE
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Optical Fiber Cable
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Cable ConstructionInterconnect Cables
Pigtail, Patchcords, IntrabuildingInternal equipment connectionsPatch panels - Wall outlet to desktopUser friendly
Distribution CablesBackbones CablingVertical/Horizontal CablingFor cabling behind the wall and patch panels.Less fiber protection at connectorized level.
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Cable Construction
Breakout Cables Backbones - Campus - Zone cablingVertical Cabling - Horizontal CablingFiber very well protected at connectorized levelEssentially simplex cables in common jacket
Long distanceBuried - Aerial - Building EntranceGenerally no flame rating - limited distance
in buildingGel filled to eliminate moistureLoose tube for expansion/contraction/movementNo fiber protection at connector level
Outdoor Cables
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Cable Ratings
Defined by National Electrical Code. Tested by UL, etc. Cables must meetspecific requirements for flammability and smoke generation.
OFN : General use, less than 50´
OFNR : Riser rated, Can be used in vertical passages.
OFNP : Plenum rated, Can be installed in air plenums without conduit.
LSZH : Low Smoke, Zero halogen, No specific flame requirements
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CABLE APPLICATIONSCABLE APPLICATIONS
• Outside Plant (OSP), Loose Tube
− Use: All Outside Applications
− Aerial
− Gel-filled
− Ultra-violet Resistant
− Self-supporting or Lashed
− Direct Burial (Trenched)
− Rodent Protected
− Gel-filled
− Strong Central Strength Member
− Burial (Conduit)
− Gel-filled, Not as Rugged
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Cabling Media Types
MediaType Bandwidth Connector
Type
up to300 MHz
4-PositionData
up to600 MHz
up to16/100/200 MHz
8-PositionIDC
up to500 MHz-km
up to500 MHz-km +
SinglemodeFiber
62.5/125µmMulti-mode
Duplex568SC
100ΩCAT 7 STP
150Ω STP-A
8-PositionIDC
Duplex568SC
50/125µmMulti-mode
100Ω/120ΩCAT 3/5/5e/6 UTP
SC-Dup to
500 MHz-km
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CONNECTING IT ALL TOGETHERCONNECTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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Horizontal Cabling Distance
90 m 3 m6 m
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Backbone Cabling Distances
HC/FD
HC/FD IC/BD
MC/CD EP
B
C
A
MEDIA A B C
UTP voice
UTP data
STP-A
Multimode Fiber
Singlemode Fiber
90 m/295ft
800 m/2624ft
90 m/295ft
500 m/1640ft 300 m/984ft
500 m/1640ft
500 m/1640ft3000 m/9840ft
2000 m/6560ft 1500 m/4920ft
2500 m/8200ft
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Summary
• Premises Cabling System• ISO and TIA/EIA Standards• Elements of Telecommunications
Infrastructure• Cable/Fiber Types, Categories, Classes and
Performance • Cable Construction• Cable, Connectors and Cabling Distances