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Introduction Neptune was discovered on Sept. 23, 1846. Neptune wasnt actually discovered through a telescope instead it was the first planet to be predicted by mathematical calculations. The name Neptune comes from Greek and Roman mythology. Neptune is the roman God of the sea.

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Introduction Neptune is the eighth and most distant planet from the sun. Neptune is 17 times Earth's mass and nearly 58 times its volume. Neptune has a diameter of 49,244 km. Neptune's rotational period is 0d 16h 6m. Orbital period of Neptune is 165 years.

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Introduction Eccentricity of Neptune is 0.00867797. The density of Neptune is 1.64 g/cm. The mass of Neptune is 102.4E24 kg. Neptune is the fourth largest planet according to diameter. Even though being smaller than Uranus, Neptune has a greater mass. Distance from the sun 4 503 000 000 km

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Voyage 2 was the only spacecraft to pass Neptune. The mission launched on August 20, 1977. The mission passed Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus before arriving at Neptune. Voyage 2 arrived at Neptune on August 25, 1989. It took the Voyager 12 years to arrive at Neptune. The flight time to Neptune was reduced from 30 years to 12. Exploration of the Planet

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The voyage 2 returned with detailed photos and other data on the planet, its moons, magnetic field and dark rings. Voyager 2's closest approach to Neptune was on August 25, 1989, the spacecraft flew southward The spacecraft will continue to study ultraviolet sources among the stars. The whole of voyager 1 and 2 coasted approximately $865 million but then NASA budgeted an additional $30 million to fund the Voyager 2 for two years following the Neptune encounter. Exploration of the Planet

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The air of Neptune is extremely cold, with temperatures of -270 degrees to -380 degrees. The air on Neptune is made of complex molecules, the same sort of molecules that we see coming out of cars on earth in the form of smog. The inside of Neptune is very hot, but the temperature is as high as 10,000 degrees. As for life on Neptune it is highly unlikely for anything to survive on the planet Life on Neptune?

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Discovery of Neptune First Planet to be discovered by mathematics after noticing that Uranus was pulled slightly out of orbit (John Crouch Adams and Urbain Leverrier) Johann Gottfried Galle observed Neptune for the first time the using their data

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Theories Neptune has a strange structural make up, much like Uranus, they are called gas giants in our solar system

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The Core Accretion Theory The core accretion theory suggests, that our solar system formed after a Supernova The sun was the first created, from as we know the gravity collapsed material, creating nuclear fusion Then the other material and dust clumped together, creating the planets while the solar winds pushed the lighter elements farther away, this means the closer planets had the heavier material The solar winds had less effect on the light elements far from the sun, so this is how Neptune and other gas giants were formed But the closer planets cycled through their original atmosphere but Neptune and other gas giants atmosphere stayed the same This theory wouldnt work, unless there were another factor, scientists have suggested that Neptune was created in a closer orbit then when the gaseous disk dissipated Neptune moved to its present position.

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The Disk Instability Theory This theory excepts the idea of core accretion for the inner planets but believes the gas giants, through the accretion theory would take to long, hence the lighter elements would have migrated away by then The accretion theory has been suggested that if the accretion theory were true, then the baby planets would eventually migrate to the sun in a short timespan This theory suggests that the gas giants were created much quicker, said to be thousands of years, which would be the quickest The gas giants were said to have clumps of gas and dust, when the solar system was just created These clumps quickly grew to large planets, this planet would be formed much quicker, so by then the solar winds wouldnt of blown all the light elements away, so the giant planets could take the light elements, before they were gone This also means that they reach orbital mass quicker so they wont go into the sun This is a fairly new theory.

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Moons Neptune has 14 moons in total, they are all named after Greek sea Gods and sea Nymphs because Neptune is the God of the sea and he commands the other gods, hence all the moons orbit Neptune. Neptunes Moons are still being discovered, 2009 Hubble found a new moon, S/2004 N 1.

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Neptune's Rings Neptunes rings are very faint because they are made up of dust/rocks There are nine rings in total around Neptune The laws of motion conclude that the rings should, over time combine into one ring but they have stayed multiple rings. This could be because of a moon counteracting the gravitational pull of Neptune or the many moons gravitational pull.

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Largest Moons The three largest moons for Neptune are: Triton (the Largest), Proteus (second Largest), and Nereid (third Largest). The diameter of each are: Triton: 2,704 Km, Proteus: 218 x 208 x 201 Km, and Nereid: 304 Km, the rest of the moons are less then 159 Km. The orbital period of the largest moons are: Triton: Synchronous, Proteus: 1.1 earth days, and Nereid: 360.1 earth days.

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Triton Triton is the largest of Neptunes 14 moons; it is a frozen moon with nitrogen ice and dust spewing off from Tritons surface. Triton is the coldest object in our solar system that has been measured at -235C. Triton was thought to be a dwarf planet, that Neptune caught in its orbit by either getting hit by it or having enough force to drag it into Neptunes orbit. They predict this because it is spinning the opposite way around Neptune then it should compared to the other planets and their large moons, if it was created in Neptunes orbit Has a hazy atmosphere of mostly nitrogen, and a windy surface covered in nitrogen ice. The Orbital Period around Neptune is approximately 9 Earth days but is also synchronous. Triton is also slowly spiralling towards Neptune

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Proteus Proteus is very close to Neptune; it orbits just over the cloud-tops of Neptune. Proteus has been hit with so many meteors, that the craters on Proteus has gave the moon an irregular shape

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Nereid Also has an irregular shape, not as bad as Proteus Nereid is the farthest moon form Neptune at 5,513,400 Km away Theorized to be a captured asteroid because of highly elliptical orbit Nereid has the most eccentric orbit in the solar system, The distance from Nereid to Neptune varies from about 1,300,000 kilometers to over seven times as far, 9,600,000 kilometers

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QUESTION 1.Which is not one of Neptunes largest moons? a.Triton b.Nereid c.Galatea d.Proteus

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QUESTION 2.How many rings does Neptune have? a.9 rings b.12 rings c.3 rings d.4 rings

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QUESTION 3.How many moons does Neptune have? a.12 b.34 c.2 d.14

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Structure -Neptune has a surface area of 7,618,272,763 km -Neptunes length of day compared to Earths 24 hour day is 0d 16h 6m -It has a mass of 1.024*1026 kg or (17.15 Earth mass) -Neptune is a blue planet, and it is often thought of as an ice giant -The internal structure of Neptune is mantle of water, ammonia and methane ices, and a core of iron and magnesium-silicate -Neptune is 25 percent rock, 60 to 70 percent ice, and 5 to 15 percent hydrogen and helium.

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Chemical Composition -Ammonia and methane is under Neptunes atmosphere and is roughly 17 times Earth's mass and nearly 58 times its volume - Ammonia ice, water ice, ammonia hydrosulfide, and methane ice also compose Neptune's atmosphere. -Neptunes chemical composition is Hydrogen (H) - 80 percent, Helium (He) - 19.0 percent, and Methane (CH4) - 1.5 percent -Neptune has 10-100 times more methane, ethane, and ethyne at its equator than it does at its poles

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Surface Conditions -Even though Neptune is far from the sun and gets little sun to warm up its atmosphere, Neptune stills has winds that reach high speeds. -Neptunes magnetic field is approximately 27 times stronger than Earths. -Like the other three gas giants, the planet has no firm surface, so scientists have established that the surface is where the pressure is equal to the pressure found at sea level on Earth. - Just above the surface lies the troposphere. As altitude increases, temperature in the troposphere decreases. But in the next layer, the stratosphere, temperatures increase with altitude. The next layer is the thermosphere, where pressure is lower. The very outer edge of the atmosphere is known as the exosphere.

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Mysteries 1.It is still a mystery that Neptune may rain diamonds, as a diamond is composed of compressed carbon. Neptune releases carbon which once hitting such a pressure point, could result this way. 2.Some say, the great dark spot on Neptune is believed to have been caused from the worst documented storm which had actually lasted 5 years long..

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More Questions 1.Neptune was the _______ planet to be found mathematically. 1First. 2Last. 3Only.

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More Questions 2.Neptune was visited by _____________. 1Voyager. 2Aliens. 3Hubble Craft. 4 None of the Above.

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True or False There is possibility for life on Neptune

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More Questions 2.Neptune was visited by _____________. 1Voyager. 2Aliens. 3Hubble Craft. 4 None of the Above.

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Sources http://www.cosmicelk.net/Neptune.htm http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/factsheet.html http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/science/neptune.html http://www.windows2universe.org/neptune/space_missions.html http://www.universetoday.com/22044/size-of-neptune http://www.space.com/18924-how-big-is-neptune.html http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/ice-giants-neptune- and-uranus/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/ice-giants-neptune- and-uranus/ http://www.space.com/41-neptune-the-other-blue-planet-in-our- solar-system.html http://www.space.com/41-neptune-the-other-blue-planet-in-our- solar-system.html http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/146--When-was-Neptune- discovered- http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/146--When-was-Neptune- discovered- http://space-facts.com/neptune/ https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune &Display=Rings https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune &Display=Rings http://www.space.com/18919-neptune-formation.html http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/n eptune/neptunemoons.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/n eptune/neptunemoons.shtml http://www.space.com/41-neptune-the-other-blue-planet-in-our- solar-system.html http://www.space.com/41-neptune-the-other-blue-planet-in-our- solar-system.html http://www.space.com/18922-neptune-atmosphere.html http://www.sciencemonster.com/astronomy/planet-neptune.html http://www.spacedaily.com/news/carbon-99d.html