1. introduction (626).ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Pemex Short CourseOffshore Drilling
Lesson 1
Introduction
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Lesson 1 - Introduction
Floating DrillingOutline
Floating DrillingVessels
Types of Motion
Types of Waves
When is Drilling Possible (WOW)
Vessel Capacities
Movement of Liquids
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Instructor: Jerome J. Schubert
Phone: 979/862-1195
E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction - contd
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Drilling Lessons:
Can be found on the web at:
http://pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert/
Introduction - contd
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1. Floating Drilling: Equipment and its Use,
Practical Drilling Technology, Vol.2, by Riley
Sheffield, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston,
TX, 1980.
2. Applied Drilling Engineering, by Adam T.
Bourgoyne Jr., Martin E. Chenevert. Keith K.
Millheim and F.S. Young. SPE Textbook Series,Vol. 2, Society of Petroleum Engineers,
Richardson, TX, 1991.
References
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1. IADC Deepwater Well Control Guidelines,
Published by the International Association of
Drilling Contractors, Houston, TX, 1998.281-578-7171
2. Design for Reliability in Deepwater
Drilling Operations, by L. M. Harris. ThePetroleum Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK,
1979.
References
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3. An Introduction to Marine Drilling, by
Malcolm Maclachlan. Daytons Oilfield
Publications Limited, P. O. Box 11, Ledbury,Herefordshire HR8 1BN, England, 1987.
4. Drilling Engineering, A complete Well
Planning Approach, by Neal Adams andTommie Carrier. PennWell Publishing
Company, Tulsa, OK, 1985.
References - contd
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5. Practical Well Planning and Drilling
Manual, by Steve Devereux. PennWell
Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK, 1998.
6. Oilwell Drilling Engineering, Principles
and Practice, by H. Rabia. Graham &Trotman. Printed by The Alden Press,
Oxford, UK, 1985.
References - contd
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Schedule
Introduction to Class,
Deepwater Platforms
Floating Vessels,
Types of Motion, Station Keeping
Wellheads and BOPs in Floating DrillingDrilling Risers, High Pressure Riser
Motion Compensation
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Schedule
Pore Pressure and Prediction
Fracture Gradients
LWD and Formation Test
Special Problems in Floating Drilling
Shallow water Flows; Hydrates
Dual Gradient Drilling
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Drilling Rigs
Drilling Systems
Drilling Rigs
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Drilling Team
Drilling Rigs
Rig Power System
Hoisting System
Circulating System . . .
Rotary Drilling
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The Rotary System
The Well Control System
Well-Monitoring System
Special Marine Equipment
Drilling Cost Analysis
Examples
Rotary Drilling - contd
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Noble
Drillings
Cecil
Forbes
A Jack-UpRig
S t A S i
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Sonats
George
Washington
A Semi-
Submersible
Rig
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Zapatas
Trader
A Drillship
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19TENSION LEG PLATFORM
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Shells
Bullwinkle
Worlds tallest
offshore structure
1,353 water
depth
Productionbegan in 1989
45,000 b/d
80MM scf/d
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Fig. 1.5
Classification of
rotary drilling rigs
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Drilling OperationsField Engineers, Drilling Foremen
A. Well planning prior to SPUD
B. Monitor drilling operations
C. After drilling, review drilling results andrecommend future improvements
- prepare report.
D.General duties.
What are the well requirements?
Objectives, safety, cost
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Criteria for determining
depth limitation Derrick
Drawworks
Mud Pumps
Drillstring
Mud System
Blowout Preventer
Power Plant
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A Rotary RigHoisting System
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Projection ofDrilling Lines
on Rig Floor
TOTAL
E = efficiency = Ph/Pi = W/(n Ff) or Ff= W/(nE) (1.7)
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Load on Derrick
(considering friction in sheaves)
Derrick Load = Hook Load
+ Fast Line Load
+ Dead Line Load
Fd = W + Ff + Fs
F W W
E n
W
n
E E n
E nW
d = 1E = overall efficiency: E = e
n
e.g., if individual sheave efficiency = 0.98 and n = 8, then E = 0.851
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Example 1.2
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The
drawworks can provide an input power to the
block and tackle system as high as 500 hp.
Eight lines are strung between the crown block
and traveling block. Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line
when upward motion is impending,
2. the maximum hook horsepower
available,
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Example 1.2, cont.
3. the maximum hoisting speed,
4. the actual derrick load,
5. the maximum equivalent derrick
load, and,
6. the derrick efficiency factor.
Assume that the rig floor is arranged as
shown in Fig. 1.17.
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Solution
1. The power efficiency for n = 8is
given as 0.841 in Table 1.2. The tension
in the fast line is given by Eq. 1.7.
lbnE
W
F 590,448*841.0
000,300
( alternatively, E = 0.988= 0.851 )
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Solution
2. The maximum hook horsepower
available is
Ph
= Epi = 0.841(500) = 420.5 hp.
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Solution
3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by
vP
Wb
h
hpft - lbf / min
hp300,000 lbf
= 46.3 ft / min
420 533 000
.,
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Solution to 3., cont.
To pull a 90-ft stand would require
t 90 1 9ft46.3 ft / min
. min.
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Solution
5. The maximum equivalent load is given
by Eq.1.9:
lbfF
Wn
nF
de
de
000,450
000,300*8
484
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Drillship
- moored
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Heave
Surge
Sway
Roll
PitchYaw
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Motions restricted to the horizontal planeSURGE: Translation fore and aft (X-axis)
SWAY: Translation port and starboard (Y-axis)
YAW: Rotation about the Z-axis (rotation aboutthe moonpool)
Motions that operate in vertical planesHEAVE: Translation up and down (Z-axis)ROLL: Rotation about the X-axis
PITCH: Rotation about the Y-axis
Vessel Motions
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Wave Direction
Beam Waves
Quartering Waves
Head
Waves
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Significant Wave Height, ft
Roll vs. Significant Wave Height
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Significant wave height is the average height
of the 1/3 highest waves in a sample.
EXAMPLE The significant wave height in thefollowing sample is 24 ft.
7, 21, 19, 11, 18, 26, 13, 17, 25
[ Sign. WH = (21 + 26 + 25) / 3 = 24 ft ]
Avg. WH = (7, 21, 19, 11, 18, 26, 13, 17, 25) / 3 = 17.4 ft
What is Significant Wave Height?
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Significant Wave Height, ft
Heave vs. Significant Wave Height
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Heave vs. Wave Approach Angle
BOW BEAM
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Roll & Pitch vs. Wave Approach Angle
BOW BEAM
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Typical Vessel Motion Limits - Criteria
Operation Wave Height Heave
ft ft
Drilling Ahead 30 10
Running and
Setting Casing 22 6
Landing BOP and Riser 15 3Transferring Equipment 15 -
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SHIPSEMI
10% vs. 1.5 %
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What is lt ?
S f
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Some Definitions
Freeboard
Draft
Width
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G = center of gravity. B = center of buoyancy
G is
above B!
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NOTE:
B has moved!
GZ =
righting
arm
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D i St bilit f tifi ti
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Dynamic Stability - for certification
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Dynamic Stability
For adequate stability, the area under therighting moment curve to the second
intercept or to the down-flooding angle,
whichever is less, must be a given amountin excess of the area under the wind
heeling moment curve to the same limiting
angle. The excess of this area must be atleast 40% for shiplike vessels and 30% for
column-stabilized units (see Fig. above).
F S f Eff t
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Free Surface Effects
CG moves!
Tall narrow tank is more stable
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Tall, narrow tank is more stable ...
Effect of Fluid Level in Tank
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Effect of Fluid Level in Tank
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Eff t f P titi i T k
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Effect of Partitions in Tank
Th V l Cl ifi ti
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The Vessel - Classification
Three classification societies are particularlyimportant to offshore drilling. These societies are: