Environmental problems

in my country

TABLE OF CONTENTS :

1. Introduction

2. Water contamination

3. Air pollution

4. Soil

5. Noise

6. Dusts

7. The ozone hole

8. Climate’s changes

9. Lubelskie

10. Azoty plant

1. INTRODUCTION

Human’s activity and natural processes cause moving to air substances like:

• carbon monoxide• nitrogen monoxides• sulphur dioxide• ammonia• hydrocarbons• dusts from fuel combustion and fertilizer

production• aerozols

THE MOST DANGEROUS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ARE:

WATER CONTAMINATION

2. WATER CONTAMINATION:

Many rivers and lakes in Poland are polluted. Water quality in Poland

fundamentally depends on the method of management of the catchment.

For example, lakes used for recreational purposes may enter the sewage

from resorts, cottages, campgrounds and other facilities located on the edge

of the lake, where the waste water management is not properly resolved.

In water there are lots of chemical substances from the nearest fields,

industrial wastes from factories and sewage from houses . On the other

hand there are many organizations in our country which take care of water

e.g. Polish foundation of the protection the water resources.

MAZURY

MAZURY

Mazury is a beautiful place in Poland with many lakes. Unfortunately some people who are there on vacation throw away their rubbish into water, so this area looks worse and worse, in many lakes water isn’t clean enough to swim. The exploitation of lakes by holiday makers and industries is often accompanied by a process of destroying the banks. As a result many animals and plants become extinct.

BALTIC SEA

The Baltic Sea is almost completely closed. Very long period of

complete water exchange at the sea causes that Baltic is one of the

most polluted seas in the world.

The issue of the Baltic Sea pollution by hazardous substances is

primarily the problem of a huge number of substances flowing into

it. Although monitoring indicates that the loads of some substances

flowing into the Baltic Sea have been significantly reduced over the

last 20-30 years, the problem still exists, and the concentrations of

certain new substances to the marine environment even increased.

3. AIR POLLUTION

Excessive air pollution is more than 20% of Polish territory.

The factors causing this condition are:

• energy based on coal and lignite,

• shortage of plant waste gas cleaning,

• rapidly growing road transport (vehicles and roads),

• delay in development of economic law

THE FOLLOWING GROUPS OF POLLUTANTS:

primary pollutants: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and

dust, resulting mainly from the combustion of fuels

specific pollutants from various processes used in

industrial plants

pollutants emitted from mobile sources, mainly from cars

secondary pollutants, formed often at great distances from

sources of emissions as a result of the reaction and changes

occurring in the polluted atmosphere.

All these substances cause acid rains, greenhouse efect, smog and

global warming.

To clear the air the following things must be made:

• technological change

• mounting an effective control system for emission sources (cyclones,

bag filters, dust collectors)

• determining the proper criteria for assessing the pollution.

Since the early 90s we can see a decrease of air pollution.

4. SOIL

Test results reveal that soils in Poland are only slightly

contaminated with heavy metals which allows them to qualify for

the soils of high agricultural value.

Industrially degraded areas are mainly in the south of Poland. In

the areas of industrial degradation are all or most of the factors

worsening the ecological and functional properties of the soil.

Gradual reduction in recent years of industrial emissions, cleaning

up waste management, rehabilitation of degraded land improve the

general cultural environment.

5. NOISE

Trends in environmental noise in Poland indicate on the one hand,

there is the increase in noise pollution from traffic and on the other -

the reduction the occurrence of growth and the declining trend in

the field of industrial noise.

Upward trends in traffic noise relate primarily to road noise and

airport noise. In the case of airport noise is observed trends of

increasing noise level as a result of the acquisition of the local airport

extensively expanded the volume of traffic, even international.

6. DUSTS

Noteworthy is the fact that GDP growth at constant amount

of waste produced is maintained at a similar level, which

may indicate a positive trend in waste management. Some

people remember about recycling but sometimes it’s difficult

to reduce a quantity of rubbish because we don’t have many

containers for glass, paper etc. It’s quite popular in big cities

to recycle rubbish but not in towns.

7. THE OZONE HOLE

Measurements of ozone-depleting substances, particularly halons, indicate that

concentrations of these substances in the Earth's surface are systematically

reducing. This demonstrates the effectiveness of international efforts to protect

the ozone layer.

Over the past few years more attention was paid to the issue of connections

between the decline in ozone levels and climate change.

In 2002 satellite of the European Space Agency above Central Europe also

registered the slump of the amount of ozone above Poland, including the

appearance of the little ozone holes into it!

8. CLIMATE CHANGES

In Poland is also a noticeable increase in temperature - especially frequent high temperature was observed in the last decade of the twentieth century, but the upward trend in average annual temperature is visible on both the meteorological stations located on the outskirts of cities, as well as those situated in areas of limited anthropogenic impacts, such as the Śnieżka, the mountain peak.

Puławy.

9. LUBELSKIE

Lubelskie voivodship lies in the central-eastern part of Polish. This is one of the cleanest areas of Poland. The main source of air pollution is anthropogenic emissions originating from industrial activities, with the existential and communications sector. The main sources of noise are road and rail transport. Lubelskie Region is characterized by very favorable conditions for crop production.

10. AZOTY PLANT

A polish chemical company in Puławy which produces nitrogen and fertilizers. It’s one of the biggest producers of melamine and the biggest polish company in Big Chemical Synthesis industry. They research measurements of pollutions diffused into air, ground, sewage and wood area. Tho company also takes part in program named Responsible Care.

Responsible Care is a global, voluntary initiative developed by the chemical industry for the chemical industry - it is run in 52 countries whose combined chemical industries account for nearly 90% of global chemicals production. It stands for the chemical industry's desire to improve health, safety, and environmental performance.

In the area of AZOTY there isn’t any pollution. Forests, rivers and lakes are really clean. Moreover close to the company there is also Reserve of the wild fowl.

THE END