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Introduce Linux

Speaker: Yi-Ji JhengDate: 2007.09.26

Outline

Introduce Linux

Install Linux on Vmware

Common software

Linux commands and Practice

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INTRODUCE LINUX

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History Linus Torvalds make a Minix (Mini Unix) kernel

Just only 10000 row of codes for C

Richard Stallman bring up GNU plan Open source Free Unix-like

GNU/Linux Linux Kernel + many modules

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Use

Server MySql + PHP + Apache

Embedded system STB (Set Top Box)

Super Computer 75% (Top 500 on the world)

Game Sony PlayStation 3 Microsoft XBOX

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Linux Kernel

Linux Kernel version format Linux-a.b.c

a kernel version b odd : test

even : stable c number of bug fix

Common, Linux-2.4.x and Linux-2.6.x

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Linux distribution

Redhat 9 Linux-2.4.x Fedora 1 Linux-2.4.x Fedora 2~ Linux-2.6.x Debian more app. (15940) Trustix more safe and

stable Knoppix LiveCD

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Other

It’s not must on Linux, because Source code can change

Find Linux distribution or modules 義守大學檔案伺服器 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/

Good Web Site 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜

http://linux.vbird.org/8

INSTALL LINUX ON VMWARE

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Vmware

Use software (VMware ESX Server) to“virtualize”the hardware resources

Including the CPU, RAM, hard disk and network controller

To create a virtual machine that can run its own operating system

and applications just like a “real” computer

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Install Linux

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Mainly, press the “Next” forever

We’ll point out options that need to setup below

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Because it’ll be “Host Linux”, we only select below

Development Tools Editors

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setup

all sevice close, only network and sshd

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COMMON SOFTWARE

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Pietty

Use SSH ( Secure Shell ) protocol Allows data to be exchanged over a

secure channel between two computers

Why use it? Convenient for In/Out Vmware console Good copy way

http://ntu.csie.org/~piaip/pietty/36

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Winscp

Support SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Good way to transmission data between Windows and Linux

http://winscp.net/eng/docs/lang:cht

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LINUX COMMANDS AND PRACTICE

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Linux Command Format

Command [–options] [param1] [param2] …

Short option use “-” Long option use “--”

Ex. dmesg gcc –v gcc ––help cp file1 file2

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File management

ls list ls –al

chmod change authority

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20 Sep 25 12:12 123.log

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d : directoryl : soft-link- : filec : char deviceb : block device

owner

group

other

r w x222120

Ex. Chmod 755 file

-rwxr-xr-x

rmdir remove directory mkdir make directory cp copy

cp from to mv move or rename

Move from to cd change directory

cd <absolute or relative path> cd – cd ..

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find -name find file find <where> –name <filename>

grep find string dmesg | grep CPU

cat print to stdout file print file info. touch change file’s timestamp make a file

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rm remove rm –rf <file or directory>

man command manual tar uncompress or compress

tar zxvf file.tar.gz tar zcvf backup.tar.gz /root tar jxvf file.tar.bz2

ln soft-link ln –s <file> <link_name>

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Network

route setup or print route rule

ping ping -c 4 www.google.com.tw

ifconfig setup or print network Ifconfig eth0 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

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System

reboot shutdown –r

shutdown shutdown -h now

ps print process ps aux

kill terminate process kill <PID> killall <service_name>

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uname show system info. uname –r uname –a

Free memory allocate state sync store memory buf. to disk

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Vi Editor

vi filename

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Visual Mode

yy copy a row

p paste a row

dd delete a row

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Insert Mode

Input what you want

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Command Mode

:wq save file and quit

:q! un-save and quit

:100 jump to 100th row

/<key> find [key] in this file press “n” to “Next”

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Tips

Tab Command complement File complement

Up/Down Record command history

` <action> ` First to do Ex. ifconfig `cat net.conf`

net.conf eth0 x.x.x.x

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First program - Hello World ~!

touch test.c vi test.c

Main (normal vs prototype)

gcc test.c –o test file test ldd test strip test gcc ––static test.c –o test

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