1 internet research challenges vint cerf april 2007
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Internet Research Challenges
Vint Cerf
April 2007
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Internet Evangelist
at Work
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Internet - Global Statistics
(approx. 3.6 Billion Telephone Terminations including 2.5 B mobiles and 1 Billion PCs [Comp. Industries Assoc.])
22.5 Million Hosts (Bellcore June 1997)
50 Million Users (NUA Jul 1997)
395 Million Hosts
(ISC Jan 2006)
1,093.5 Million Users(InternetWorldStats.com
Jan 11, 2007)
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360#3
UCSBPDP10
940
#2SRI
#4UTAH
#1UCLA
Sigma7
The Original ARPANET
Dec 1969
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Internet 1999
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Internet Penetration Jan 2007
Asia 389.4 M
No. Amer. 232.1M
Europe 312.7 M
Latin Am 88.8 M
Africa 32.8 M
Mid-east 19.4 M
Oceania/AU 18.4 M
Total 1,093.5 M
Source http://www.internetworldstats.com/
No. AM
EuropeAsia
Latin AmAfricaMid East Oceania
16.6% total penetration
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Technology Shapers
• Internet uses any communication service (IP on everything!)
• IP carries anything digital
• End/End Principle (neutrality and user freedom)
• Radio supplies mobility
• Fiber/Cable/DSL supplies speed
• IPv6 supplies address space
• Broadband (choice, symmetry)
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Socio-Economic Effects of Internet
Information Consumers are becoming Producers
Democratic access to the world’s information
“Internet is for Everyone” – Internet Society
New educational alternatives and outlets
New business models (value add)
Risk factors (spam, viruses/worms, social abuse, misinformation, fraud)
Innovation at the edge
Localization (information, interfaces, cultural styles)
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Mobility and Mobiles
• 2.5 Billion Mobiles and counting
• Short Message Systems
• Payment systems
• Innovative interfaces (challenges!)
• Navigation systems– GPS, Galileo, Google Earth/Maps,…
• Geo-location based services
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Google Book SearchGoogle
Book Search
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Copyright, Fair Use, Distribution
Is indexing a new fair use of book content? The debate continues.
Lessig and the Creative Commons
Self-publishing by authors (books, music, video)
Bit Torrent, Napster, KaZaa, etc.
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Internet-enabled Devices
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Internet-enabled Devices
Programmable – Java, Python, etc.
Examples:
• WebTV, Personal Digital Assistants, Mobiles,Video games, Picture Frames, Washing Machines, Surf Board!
• Refrigerator (and the bathroom scales)
• Automobiles (Japan, Germany)
• Internet-enabled wine corks (also note new quantum theory of wine: Schrödinger’s wine bottle)
• Internet-enabled socks (clothing)
• Universal Remote Controls
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New User-Oriented Paradigms
User-centric services
• Search, discover, transact
• Announce, share, collaborate, produce
• Self-service
Amazon, Fedex, Tivo, Instant Messaging, GPS Navigators, virtual visits to homes and museums, image and video sharing
• Users are now simultaneously producers and consumers of content – NEW!
• Communities of interest a major theme (MySpace, FaceBook, Orkut, GoogleGroups, World of Warcraft, SecondLife, …)
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Network Design Perspectives
Enterprise VPN
• Corporate servers/lans
• Suppliers and customers
• Traveling employees (see consumer)
• Mobiles and PDAs
Consumer
• @work, @home, @hotel, @airport, @customer
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Internet Research Problems
Security at all levels
Internet “Erlang” formulas
QOS debates (smart routers?)
Internationalized Domain Names (ccTLDs & GTLDs)
Distributed Algorithms
Presence (multi-level)
Mobility, persistence (processes, connections)
Multihoming
Multipath routing
Broadcast utilization
Mesh and Sensor networks
Scaling (of everything) – IPv6
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Security
Are there holes in this operating system?
Does this router have vulnerabilities?
Can this network be used to attack itself?
auto-immune distributed, reflective denial of service
Is this a bogus packet (e.g. fake source address)?
Is this routing table update/advertisement legitimate?
Is this domain name entry valid? (Phishing/Pharming)
Is this a bad configuration?
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Information management
Semantic Networking
automatic tagging, improved indexing and relevance
Modal indexing (video, audio, text)
Time and Location as organizing paradigms for data
Are there other semantic organizing principles?
What to do about Information decay?
is it like fighting tooth decay?
need to preserve bits, software, OS and hardware?
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New Application Challenges
IPTV and effects of Symmetric Broadband
vPOD practices
Dynamic and interactive advertising
Merging of Virtual and Real Environments
linking of real instruments to virtual spaces
advertising in virtual environments
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InterPlaNetary Internet
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2003-2004 Missions to Mars
Spirit
• launched 6/10/2003
• arrived Jan 4, 2004
• Gusev Crater in Gusev Plain
Opportunity
• Launched 7/7/2003
• arrived Jan 25, 2004
• Meridiani Planum
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Mars Orbiters
Mars Odyssey (NASA)
Mars Express (European Space Agency)
Mars Global Surveyor (NASA)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA)
Mars Odyssey relays 95% of all data from Spirit and Opportunity
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Interplanetary Internet:“InterPlaNet” (IPN)
•Planetary internets
•Interplanetary Gateways
•Interplanetary Long-Haul Protocol
•Delayed Binding of Identifiers
•Email-like behavior
•TDRSS and NASA in-space routing
•Delay and Disruption Tolerant Protocols– Tactical Mobile applications (DARPA)
– Civilian Mobile applications (SameNet!)
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•End-to-end information flow across the solar system
•Layered architecture for evolvability and interoperability
•IP-like protocol suite tailored to operate over long round trip light times
•Integrated communications and navigation services
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