1 international programme - bac.ac.bfinal).pdf · experience having cut her teeth at debswana...

Abstract BookFor 1st International Conference on Leveraging ICT for Sustainable

Development, hosted by Botswana Accountancy College in collaboration with the University of Sunderland.

1ST INTERNATIONAL

DATE: 27TH - 28TH MAY 2019VENUE: BAC MAIN CAMPUS, GABORONE

PROGRAMME

ABSTRACT BOOK

Abstract BookFor 1st International Conference on Leveraging ICT for Sustainable Development, hosted by Botswana Accountancy College in collaboration with the University of Sunderland.

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EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Ms. Leburu has a wealth of commercial and non-commercial experience having cut her teeth at Debswana Diamond Company, a company that is a joint venture between the Government of Botswana and DeBeers. After 17 years of service with Debswana she then moved to Standard Chartered Bank as a Chief Finance Officer and advanced through the Chief Operations Officer role to Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director of the Bank. Ms. Leburu then joined Botswana Housing Corporation 5 years later as a Deputy Chief Executive Officer- Support Services.

Ms. Serty Leburu is a Fellow Chartered Public Accountant (FCPA) with a CIMA qualification. She holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of Botswana and she has done Leading Across Boundaries an Executive Leadership Programme from Oxford University in the UK and a Management Development Programme of the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa. Other training

includes Securitization, Mortgage Bonds and International Housing Finance Programs from the Wharton School of Business-University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia USA. Ms. Leburu is a member of the Board of Directors for Botswana Telecommunications Corporation Limited and Letlole la Rona.

She has been a Board member at the Human Resource Development Council, Botswana Power Corporation, BA ISAGO University College and an Audit Committee Member for the Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST). She has a passion for community engagement through volunteerism by counselling people living with life threatening diseases, financial literacy and advisory, career guidance and mentoring people in her community especially the youth. She was a Patron for Thutano Youth Group for two years and she is currently a trustee member and treasurer of the Sponsor a Child Trust.

Ms Serty LeburuExecutive Director and Principal Botswana Accountancy College

Ms. Serty Leburu is currently the Executive Director of Botswana Accountancy College (BAC). She is leading the institution successfully to achieve its mandate through a strategy she initiated and directed. She has over 26 years of experience in Strategy, Leadership, Finance, Supply Chain, General Management and Administration,19 years of which were at Senior, Executive and Board roles combined.



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DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR-ACADEMICS

Dr Byron A. Brown is Deputy Executive Director- Academic Affairs at Botswana Accountancy College (BAC). The BAC is the provider of accounting, business, leisure, management and ICT education and training at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. He provides academic and administrative leadership to staff and to students who are pursuing degrees in the field of business management, entrepreneurship, accounting, finance, tourism, and hospitality.

Prior to joining the Botswana Accountancy College, he was Deputy Director for the School of Postgraduate Studies, and Portfolio Manager for doctoral programmes, at the University of Fort Hare. He was also Associate Professor of Management at University of Johannesburg, and Associate Professor of Research at the University of South Africa where he taught courses in management and research methods. During these roles, he has directed numerous funded research projects, has supervised numerous master’s and doctoral students work, has served as Chair

of various research Committees, and as blind reviewer for numerous academic journals including the International Journal of Lifelong Education, Africa Education Review, and the Journal of International Development. With his strong background in education, he has also served as consultant in education – most recently as analyst of the 2011 population census data for the Botswana Central Statistics Office, where he focused specifically on educational issues.

He has published several journal articles, as well as a book, entitled Multigrade Teaching in South Africa: A review of issues, trends, practices and implications for teacher education. He has also authored a number of book chapters, and conducts workshops for academics, researchers and research supervisors on topics related to research and teaching. He received his doctorate from the University of South Africa.

Dr Byron BrownDeputy Executive Director-Academics

4Abstract BookFor 1st International Conference on Leveraging ICT for Sustainable Development, hosted by Botswana Accountancy College in collaboration with the University of Sunderland.

CONFERENCE DIRECTOR

Joined Micro Computers and Electronics Systems in 1992 as an Applications Support Administrator. Galamoyo spent four years with Business and Computer Services as a Programme Instructor and Applications and Network Administrator. He has in the past been involved with ICT and IS consultancy and training providing training and or Information Systems Solutions to organisation such as Botswana Meteorological, Services, the Botswana Defense Force, the Department of Family Health Services and the Botswana Family Welfare Association under the Ministry of Health. His last job before joining BAC was with the Exporters Association of Botswana as IT Manager.

Galamoyo was a panel member and vice chairman of the validation team that validated the Information & Communication Technology (ICT) Advanced certificate and Diploma programmes that are offered by the Department of Vocational Education and Training (DVET) under the BTEP programmes of the Botswana Ministry of Education and Skills Development.

Galamoyoës Research Areas include ICT for Development with a focus on Mobile Technology and Society encompassing, HCI, E-learning, mobile technology and its social implications on societies and how mobile technology can contribute to addressing the needs of communities. Other areas of research interest include data abstraction, Algorithms and Applications Architecture.

Galamoyo ës technology areas include Object Oriented Analysis, Design and Development ( C++, Java); IPSYS Lincoln Engineer Object Oriented CASE tool Mobile Communication Systems; Network Management - SNMP, OPNET, HP OpenView; Distributed Network Applications; Web Technology; Systems Analysis and Design; Project Management; System Procurement.

Dr Galamoyo MaleDirector- School of Computing and Information Systems

Male, Galamoyo PhD. Leeds Beckett University - UK, M.Sc. Mobile & Distributed Computer, B.Sc. (Hon), Applied Computing -Leeds Metropolitan University UK, Higher Dip Information Systems ñ Institute for the Management of Information Systems, UK.

5Abstract Book

For 1st International Conference on Leveraging ICT for Sustainable Development, hosted by Botswana Accountancy College in

collaboration with the University of Sunderland.

CONFERENCE INFORMATION

PRESENTATION SESSIONSMany thanks to all the scholars, researchers, or academics who consented to give of their time to perform the role of session chair in the conference. Note as follows:

• All session chairs are requested to collect a letter with the relevant session information

at registration. • All speakers should meet with the session chair

during the break before their presentation.

Paper sessionsEach speaker has 20 minutes to make a presentation, which should include approximately five (5) minutes of interaction with the audience. All sessions will be videotaped.

Time keeping equipment is available at each venue (please do not remove): • GREEN - 5 minutes of the 15 minutes

presentation time remaining. • YELLOW - 2 minutes of the 15 minutes

presentation time remaining. • RED - please stop immediately. Time for 5

minutes of interaction.

Equipment for presentationLaptop will be provided in each venue.

Panel discussionThe venue for the Panel discussion is the lecture theatre, and the Panel chair has the role of setting the scene, managing time, and moving the discussion along.

Each Panelist has 5 minutes to give an opening address on the topic. The Panel chair may then lead the discussion through posing or taking questions/comments.

The Panel session will be videotaped.

NAME TAGSName tags should be worn by all delegates at all times during the conference.

REFRESHMENTSRefreshments are included in the programme. Each delegate will receive set of tickets for drinks and lunch meal. All other refreshments or meals NOT included in the programme will be for each delegate’s own account.

HELP DESKFor assistance and information, go to the conference registration desk.

MOBILE PHONESPlease ensure that your mobile phone is put on silence or switched off during the conference sessions, so as not to disturb others.

The conference sessions are time bounded. Consequently, it is an expectation of the conference that all delegates show due regard to the allocated times.


Hon. Thapelo OlopengMinister of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology

Honourable Thapelo Olopeng is the Minister of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology in Botswana. He was an active businessman and a sportsman before becoming a Member of Parliament for Tonota Constituency in 2014.

While at the Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Sport and Culture Development, Minister Olopeng’s commitment to the youth has seen youth empowerment initiatives in Botswana improving. The Minister kick started quick wins and affirmative action in favour of the youth which means that in instances where procedures are rigid, youth in business are given a more flexible environment. He strongly believed that with the development of youth businesses, more jobs will be created with the youth employing other youth.

The Minister is very active in social media and has an open-door policy for anyone who wants to have meetings with

him. He personally manages his Facebook page and is very receptive to criticism. In July 2016, Honourable Olopeng received the African Achievers Award under the category of Youth Development and Social Upliftment in recognition to his contribution to the youth.

In December 2018, His Excellency the President of the Republic of Botswana, Dr Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi redeployed Honourable Olopeng to the Ministry of

PROFILE OF KEYNOTE SPEAKERS



Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology to spearhead Botswana’s transformation from a resource to a knowledge-based economy. Honourable Olopeng believes that to achieve this transformation, Botswana must prioritize investment in research, science, innovation and technology. The Minister is currently working with research, science and innovation institutes and institutions of higher learning to establish a research fund.

In order to commodify knowledge, Honourable Olopeng believes education and training should not be domesticated but globalised, and that institutions of higher learning should develop futuristic learning programmes that can position Botswana as a globally competitive country.

The Minister is working around the clock to ensure that Botswana exports knowledge, innovations and technology into the global market and have globally competitive graduates. In addition, Minister Olopeng is committed to ensuring that transformation of education and training, through the Human Resource Development Strategy of 2009, receives the necessary support for education to meet the needs of the Industry.

Finally, Honourable Olopeng is working with the Botswana Qualification Authority and higher education sector stakeholders, including the private sector to uphold the highest standard of education and training in the country.

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Mr Mabua L. MabuaChief Executive Officer- BOFINET

Currently Chief Executive Officer for Botswana Fibre Networks (BOFINET), a Wholesale telecommunications infrastructure services provider to Licensed provider since 2013.

A Retired Former Permanent Secretary in Ministry of Transport and Communications in 2010 and 2011, before that he was Deputy Permanent Secretary and Director in the Ministry of Communications, Science and Technology between 2005 and 2010.

Worked at Botswana Telecommunications Corporation before that from 1992 to 2004 after graduating as a Telecommunications Engineer.

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Prof. V. Lakshmi NarasimhanProfessor of Computer Science at the University of Botswana

in computer architecture, parallel and distributed computing, software testing, data mining, Software process, asset management systems and Standards, and information management & fusion and their extensive case studies and performance evaluations.

His papers have appeared in such archival journals as the various IEEE Transactions and IEE Proceedings. He has alsobeen the technical chair of two other conferences and has been on the technical panel of over 80 leading International Conferences.

Lakshmi has won competitive research funding to the tune of US$8 million. He has consulted to a number of industriesand educational institutions on various IT and Software Engineering projects, including Boeing Aerospace and DoD. Prof.

Narasimhan is a Senior Member of the IEEE & ACM, Fellow of ACS, IEAust and IEE (UK). He is a Technical Member of various Standards bodies such as, ISO, ANSI and IEEE. Lakshmi is an IEEE Distinguished Visitor and an ACM Distinguished Speaker.

Prof. Lakshmi Narasimhan is presently a Senior Vice-President, Srikar & Associates International Inc., USA, and a full professor of Computer Science at the University of Botswana. He has published over 380 papers in the areas of Software Engineering, Information security and Information Engineering and related case studies extensively. In particular, his research interests are

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Prof SH (Basie) Von SolmsResearch Professor: Computer Science and Software Engineering -University of Johannesburg

He is the Director of the Centre for Cyber Security at the University of Johannesburg as well as an Associate Director of the Global Cybersecurity Capacity Centre of the University of Oxford in the UK. Basie is a member of the World Economic Forum’s Global Future Council for Cyber Security.

Prof von Solms specializes in research and consultancy in the area of Information and Cyber Security, Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Cyber Crime and other related cyber aspects. He had written and presented more than 150 papers regarding this field - most of which have been presented at international research conferences and/or published in international subject journals. In addition, he has supervised more than 120 post graduate students in the ICT field. He is highly rated under the South African National Research Foundation's criteria.Prof von Solms is a Past President of IFIP, the International

Federation for Information Processing (www.ifip.org). He is a Fellow of the Institute for IT Professionals (IITP) of South Africa, a Fellow of the British Computer Society, a Fellow of the Oxford Martin School of the University of Oxford and a Chartered Information Technology Professional (CITP).

Prof SH (Basie) von Solms is a Research Professor in the Academy for Computer Science and Software Engineering at the University of Johannesburg in Johannesburg, South Africa.

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Prof Alastair IronsAcademic Dean for the Faculty of Technology at the University of Sunderland and a Professor of Computer Science

Professor Alastair Irons is Academic Dean for the Faculty of Technology at the University of Sunderland and a Professor of Computer Science. His subject interests focus on digital forensics and cybersecurity. Prior to joining the University in September 2008 he worked at ONE North East, Northumbria University and ICI having moved to the north east of England from Scotland after graduating in 1984 fromEdinburgh University. Alastair became a National Teaching Fellow in 2010. Alastair was a visiting scholar at the University of Cape Town inSouth Africa from 2013 - 2016.His subject research and teaching interests focus on cybersecurity and digital forensics – currently looking at threat sharing in cybersecurity,methods for digital investigations in “big data”, gender issues in cybersecurity, as well as the role of digital forensics in South Africa. Heis also active in research in academic and pedagogic issues in higher education with particular interest in student assessment and feedback.He is currently working on a book on assessment and has previously published books on formative feedback and on learning and teaching

issues in computing. He has recently completed a research project on Problem Based Learning in Cybersecurity. He is involved in theInstitute of Coding Project – leading the University of Sunderland contribution to the project and the ERDF funded Sustainable AdvancedManufacturing project.Alastair currently serves on the management board of DYNAMO, the management board of Sphere North East, the Advisory Board of theNorth East Digital Catapult and on the management board of the North East Fraud Forum. He contributes to the British Computer Societythrough a number of roles and is immediate past chair of the BCS Academic Accreditation Committee, sits on the BCS Academy Board, andis the chair of the BCS NE England branch.In his spare time Alastair participates in karate where he is a 3rd Dan black belt in Shokokai karate and is currently working towards his 4thDan.

Professor Alastair Irons is Academic Dean for the Faculty of Technology at the University of Sunderland and a Professor of Computer Science. His subject interests focus on digital forensics and cybersecurity. Prior to joining the University in September 2008 he worked at ONE North East, Northumbria University and ICI having moved to the north east of England from Scotland after graduating in 1984 from Edinburgh University.

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David is also the Chair of the UK Tech Cluster Group for the Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. This group help DCMS and wider government departments understand what is happening on the ground with tech companies across the UK.

Based on his doctorate, David has given talks on economic development through supporting tech sector growth in a number of countries including China, South Korea and to the EU.

Prior to working at Software City David held a number of senior positions at the Regional Development Agency for the North East of England producing strategies on enterprise support, digital growth and design-led problem solving.

Dr David DunnCEO of Sunderland Software City

David is the CEO of Sunderland Software City, an organisation focused on supporting the development of the software sector across the North East of England.

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Prof Stuart LynnVisiting Professor at the University of Sunderland

He is a Visiting Professor at the University of Sunderland and is an active member of the North-East’s thriving digital and tech community, founder of TechNorthEast and Vice Chair of Dynamo North East, an independent group dedicated to growing the North East’s IT Economy through collaboration, innovation and skills.

Stuart Lynn is a renowned technology business leader with a wealth of experience drawn from his time at the National Health Service and software giant Sage, where he held a number of leadership roles, including Executive Vice President and Chief Technology and Information Officer.

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ORGANISING COMMITTEE

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEDR GALAMOYO MALE

MR STEWART MOCHUCHUTI

MR NKOSINATHI MPOFU MRS BONGIWE MAGOCHA

The conference is organised as part of the academic activity of the School of Computing and Information Systems, Botswana Accountancy College, in collaboration with University of Sunderland. Members of the organizing committee are:

DR GALAMOYO MALE – Conference Director

MR STEWART MOCHUCHUTI– Portfolio Manager, School of Computing and Information Systems

MR NKOSINATHI MPOFU – Lecturer, School of Computing and Information Systems,

MRS REFILWE TLAMELO – Acting Head, Marketing and Communication

MRS MARTHA MORIBAME TABANE – Manager, Marketing

MRS BONGIWE MAGOCHA – Head, Library Services, Conference Secretary

MR MOGOMOTSI PETORO– Digital Marketing and Graphics Designer

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DAY 2

TUESDAY 28 MAY 2019Venue: Lecture TheaterMC: Mr Sylvester Mokgwe- School of Computing and Information Systems Lecturer 08:30 - 08:45 WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION

• Opening Prayer-Mr Tebatso Nage• Introduction of Keynote Speaker- MC

08:45 - 10:45 KEYNOTE• Dr David Dunn, CEO of Sunderland Software City - Lessons learnt from growing a Digital Sector• Professor Shedden Masupe, CEO BITRI - Internet of Things• Mr Tshepo Tsheko, Head of Marketing and Communications, BIH - Techno Brain• Prof Stuart Lynn, Visiting Professor at the University of Sunderland - The evolution and globalisation of the digital technology industry and the associated career paths and opportunities this presents.

Q & A Session

10:45 - 11:00 COFFEE BREAK

PARALLEL SESSIONS11:00- 12:30 EAST WING: ROOM 2

• Dr Lisbon Simeon Ketshabile - The use of ICT as a Strategy for Rural Tourism Developmental and Promotional too in Botswana – the case of Maun • Kudzanai C Muchuchuti, Keitseng N. Monyatsi, Stewart Muchuchuti, and Freedmore Sidume-Innovation Management Best Practices for Botswana HEIs: A Critical review of IP policies• Everjoy Chikati - Critical Evaluation of Current Research Aimed at Improving Security in Cloud Computing• Opelo Mogotlhwane, Tsholofetso Taukobong and Bontle Gopolang- Empty ID problem in the graded ICT courses examination answer sheets• Kaboyaone Lekwete, The Critical Review of Data Mining Techniques Used to Improve the Accuracy Of Customer Churn Prediction in a Telecommunication Service

Q & A SessionChair:Dr David Dunn, CEO of Sunderland Software City

11:00 - 12:30 EAST WING: ROOM 3

• Kelebogile Mokoti - Critical Review Of Current Research Aimed At Combating Man-In The Middle Attacks In WLAN• Eddy Mihigo - Culture within the 4th Industrial Revolution: How Botho can help blockchain become a key driver of sustainable development in Botswana• Norman Gwangwava - Blockchain Technology for Curbing Wildlife Poaching and Improving Supply Chain Traceability in Botswana• Palesa Michelle Gabarebolwe - The Internet of Things (IOT)• Ame Lisa Gape Sebina - Critical Analysis of Research on Cryptography Methods Aimed At Improving Network Security

Q & A SessionChair: Prof Stuart Lynn, Visiting Professor at the University of Sunderland

12:30 - 13:45 LUNCH BREAK 13:45 - 14:30 KEY NOTE ADDRESS

LECTURE THEATRE• Prof. V. Lakshmi Narasimhan-Professor of Computer Science at the University of Botswana - Internet of Things

14:30- 16:30 PANEL DISCUSSION

LECTURE THEATRETOPIC: DRIVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: IS AFRICA READY?

• Prof. V. Lakshmi Narasimhan-Professor of Computer Science at the University of Botswana• Prof Stuart Lynn - Visiting Professor at the University of Sunderland• Mr Tshepo Tsheko, Head of Marketing and Communications, BIH• Dr David Dunn - CEO of Sunderland Software City

Panel Chair: Dr Wilbert Mutoko

16:00-1630 Thank you and Closing Remarks.



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HOW TO GET THEREThe conference is being held at the Botswana Accountancy College campus in Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana. The campus is in the Fairgrounds area of Gaborone.

BAC Gaborone Campus, FairgroundsPlot 50661, Fairgrounds Office ParkGaborone, BotswanaTel: +267 395 3062Fax: +267 390 4103

FROM HOTEL:Cresta Lodge: City Taxi (4 mins); Walking (10 mins)Mondior Summit: City Taxi (4 mins); Walking (10 mins)Indaba Lodge: City Taxi (2 mins); Walking (6 mins)Avani: City Taxi (6 mins); Walking (20 mins)Metcourt Inn: City Taxi (20 mins); Walking (1 hour)Travel Lodge: City Taxi (20 mins); Walking (1 hour)

FROM FRANCISTOWNTrain: Blue train to Gaborone Station (10 hours); City Taxi: Fairgrounds route (15 mins)

FROM BUS / TRAIN STATION:City Taxi: Fairgrounds route (15 mins)City Mini-Bus (Combi): Tlokweng Route 1, 4, 6; Broadhurst Route 6 (20 mins)

City Taxi: Fairgrounds routeCity Mini-Bus (Combi): Tlokweng Route 1, 4, 6; Broadhurst Route 6Train: Blue train


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CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

Norman Gwangwava

ABSTRACT: Supply chain traceability is gaining momentum as a means to gain visibility across the entire supply chain. Advancements in technologies such as cloud computing and internet of things (IoT) are making traceability possible. Africa, Botswana, in particular recently saw the soaring of its elephant population due to a ban on trophy hunting in 2014. The current elephant population is estimated to be over two hundred thousand (200 000). This has also attracted gruesome poaching on the most intelligent and biggest wild animal. The poached ivory find itself in the Asian and Chinese markets. In order to restore sanity and dignity to the wildlife sector and harvesting of the precious resources such as ivory, there is need to introduce full proof

technologies such as blockchain in order to gain traceability. The technology is envisaged to identify any counterfeiting and nab the culprits. This article proposes use of blockchain in tracing the supply chain of ivory and any other wildlife products, from source to destination. This approach allows every transaction to be recorded as a block in the chain and is visible to relevant participants. The blocks of information cannot be tempered with since any change to the recorded information will break the chain. This initiative provides quality information management, enables transparency, restores dignity to wildlife management, and security in the supply chain of wildlife resources from parks and game reserves to the store.

KEYWORDS: Blockchain, Supply Chain, Traceability, Cryptography, Public Ledger, Internet of Things (IoT)

Palesa Michelle Gabarebolwe

ABSTRACT: The internet of things is a concept that allows interaction of the real word and the digital world through internet connectivity .It is widely appraised for its ability to feature and incorporate smart technology's in today's industrial processes. To acknowledge the development of the internet of things (IOT), this paper reviews current scientific and academic researchers who conducted research on the internet of things. The frequent developments made towards the internet of things impose challenges towards human life and the future. The paper also presents the main reasons behind IOT, and it identifies the technologies and domain applications and its contribution to aspects of human life and its development.It is therefore this paper elaborates and criticizes the technologies and domain applications of IOT by identifying challenges faced with incorporating such into our daily lives. Findings show that the development of IOT has been promising and has made

processes and lives better, with a concern for personal data protection, which is a gap that many are trying to close. It can be concluded that IOT is going to continue developing as time goes by henceforth this review paper is to bring to light to industries and academics to respond to the IOT phenomena and ensure its efficiency for development and betterment of the worlds IOT is implored.

KEYWORDS: INTERNET OF THINGS, INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGIES, DOMAIN APPLICATIONS

4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DRIVERS: THE INTERNET OF THINGS(IOT)

NORMAN GWANGWAVA (BOTSWANA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY). BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR CURBING WILDLIFE POACHING AND

IMPROVING SUPPLY CHAIN TRACEABILITY IN BOTSWANA.



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THE CREDIBILITY OF TRADITIONAL AND ONLINE MEDIA FOR THE PROMOTION OF TOURISM IN THE CONTEMPORARY TOURISM MARKETING ENVIRONMENT IN DURBAN SOUTH AFRICA.

ABSTRACT: The main purpose of study is to analyse the credibility of traditional and online media for the promotion of tourism in the contemporary tourism marketing environment in Durban South Africa. Explanatory research design was employed and the questionnaire was used to collect the data. The study findings revealed that traditional media and online media are more or less equally competitive for the promotion of tourism. The study also revealed that international visitors have a positive attitude towards online media than traditional media while domestic tourists have a positive attitude towards traditional media than online media. Traditional media was revealed to be highly credible than the general perception of the people and it is a lot more credible than online media. The survival of traditional media is not threatened by online media and traditional

media is still working well alongside online media. There was no evidence found that traditional media will become obsolete, either sooner or later. The study concluded and recommended that tourism marketers and authorities need to come to terms with traditional media and online media coexistence. There is no need to rely on one media to do it all. Where traditional media lacks, online media must be there to make up the difference and enhance the tourist’s experience.

KEYWORDS: 1. Traditional media, 2. online media, 3. Advertising, 4. Tourism, 5. Tourism promotion

Dr Douglas Chiguvi (BA ISAGO University) and Elvis Madondo (Durban University of Technology).

INNOVATION MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICES FOR UNIVERSITIES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES.

ABSTRACT: In the wake of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), it is not business as usual. Owing to continuous disruptions in every industrial space, business tomorrow is not guaranteed. The lifespans of companies are dropping from the usual 60 years to a predicted 10 years by 2030. Organizations have no choice but to continuously innovate. Successful organizations are now viewing themselves as collections of startups at different maturity levels, with research and development sitting at the core of innovation. Such a business model may not be as equally sustainable with smaller organizations as it would be with bigger organizations. For sustainable growth and development, smaller organizations tend to outsource the research and development function to Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs), who in developed economies have developed well structured innovation centers driven by the quest for discovery and innovation by faculty, graduate and undergraduate students alike. These innovation centers,

called science parks in other intuitions, are manned by well-resourced Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) charged with the management of the whole cycle from idea evaluation, through Intellectual Property (IP) registration to licensing. Sometimes the whole process and the TTO structures become complex and unsustainable for HEIs from emerging economies, leading to unsuccessful implementation of innovation centers. In this work, we critically review literature on innovation management best practices and propose a sustainable model for HEI innovation centers for emerging economies. This research will help Universities in emerging economies establish viable, sustainable TTOs and governments to develop funding and general support models for innovation initiatives as business 4.0 dawns on us.KEYWORDS: Innovation Management, Technology Transfer Office, Intellectual Property, University Innovation centres, Licensing

Stewart Muchuchuti (Botswana Accountancy College),Keitseng N. Monyatsi, Kudzanai C Muchuchuti (BAISAGO University) and Freedmore Sidume (Botswana Accountancy College).


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EMPTY ID PROBLEM IN THE GRADED ICT COURSES EXAMINATION ANSWER SHEETS.

ABSTRACT: We analyse the graded multiple choice questions examination answer sheets for the Introduction to Computing (ICT) courses offered at the University of Botswana (UB) over the 3 academic years 2014/15, 2015/16 and 2016/17. The answer sheets were graded using an optical scanner. We concentrated on the (missing data or) empty problem in the answer sheet's component. The main focus is on the answer sheet's ID component as it can be used to identify the student upon direct interaction with other computer systems such as Academic Student Administration System (ASAS), rather than being manually entered by the lecturer. The empty problem affects all the components of the answer sheet especially the faculties with large classes. 0.17% of the answer sheets had the empty ID problem, which highly affects the large classes.

Only the 0.17% of the answer sheets grades, which have the empty ID problem, can be entered manually on ASAS by the lecturer. The remaining 99.83% of the answer sheets grades can be read automatically by ASAS and not entered manually by the lecturer.

KEYWORDS: ICT courses, missing data, manual user interface, manual data entry

OPELO MOGOTLHWANE (UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA), TSHOLOFETSO TAUKOBONG (UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA) AND BONTLE GOPOLANG (UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA).

CULTURE WITHIN THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: HOW BOTHO CAN HELP BLOCKCHAIN BECOME A KEY DRIVER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BOTSWANA.

ABSTRACT: Blockchain is the brainchild of a person or a group of people who go or goes by the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto.Originally devised to support digital currencies such as Bitcoin, blockchain has quickly evolved into something more, with the technological community finding other potential uses for the technology in many industries.Blockchain can be defined as an incorruptible virtual ledger of transactions programmed to record these transactions along with every other item that may be deemed valuable. It is basically time-stamped series of non-modifiable records, and it is managed by a network of computers that are not owned by one entity (this is the block). These computer networks are secured and grouped together using complex cryptographic principles (this is the chain).Blockchain works because of principles of openness, transparency, accountability and most importantly, trust. The genius of blockchain also resides in the fact that apart from the infrastructural cost that supports the technology frame, there is no actual fee for the transaction. One party initiates the process by creating a block, and only after this block is successfully verified by a predetermined number of

computers is it added to a chain. The integrity of the whole chain is dependent on this single block, and because there are so many blocks in the chain, the corruption of a chain is pretty much impossible since the whole chain would have to verify a fraudulent process.Interestingly, a rudimentary version of blockchain has always existed in Botswana through the culture of BOTHO. BOTHO is based on the principles, having been defined as an example of a social contract of mutual respect, responsibility and accountability that members of society innately have towards each other and a process of earning respect before giving it, and to gain empowering by empowering others. Batswana believe that KAGISANO (Harmony) an only be maintained through mutual respect, honesty, transparency and accountability, the very principles used in blockchain technology.

This paper aims to deconstruct blockchain and insert BOTHO principles within it to make in a viable option in sustainably developing Botswana's economy and driving this economy into the 4th industrial revolution.

EDDY MIHIGO (KENYATTA UNIVERSITY (KENYA)).



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KEYWORDS: blockchain, botswana, bitcoin, Satoshi, Nakamoto, Ledger, accountability, trust, honesty, botho, kagisano

JOBS 4.0: ARE BOTSWANA WORKERS READY.

PurposeThis paper attempts to unravel the potential social effects of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) on Botswana employees. The authors investigated employees’ level of awareness and preparedness for an era of full blown 4IR adoption.

MethodologyUtilizing purposive sampling, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 52 employees in Gaborone. The model employed in this work was based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT).

FindingsWhilst 50% of respondence are prepared for the adoption of 4IR technologies, only 48% believe that the rest of employees in their organization were prepared for 4IR. Majority of employees (65%) are prepared to embrace

and take advantage of the efficiencies brought about by 4IR. Job roles could change significantly with some roles disappearing and new roles emerging. Critical thinking, complex problem solving, innovation and digital related skills are bound to be more in demand.

Originality/ ValueThe outcomes of this research will serve as a wakeup call to Botswana employees, so they start equipping themselves and future generations with requisite skills, to employers to get geared for the changing roles and start reskilling their employees as appropriate, for educators to align curricular to the skills demands of 4IR and for policy makers to realign regulatory frameworks with the demands of the new era.

KEYWORDS: Fourth Industrial revolution, industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, 3D printing, future of jobs

STEWART MUCHUCHUTI (BOTSWANA ACCOUNTANCY COLLEGE), PATRICK EBONG EBEWO (BOTSWANA ACCOUNTANCY COLLEGE), KUDZANAI CHARITY MUCHUCHUTI (BAISAGO UNIVERSITY) AND WILBERT MUTOKO (BOTSWANA ACCOUNTANCY COLLEGE).

REVAMPING THE ACCOUNTING CURRICULUM: THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PERSPECTIVE!!

ABSTRACT: Research purpose: The study sought to establish the extent to which Bachelor’s degree in Accounting curriculum integrate skills relevant for the fourth industrial revolution.Research design, approach and method: This paper adopted a qualitative approach, with content review of the programme structure focusing of the modules and the content of ICT related modules and vis-a vis the industry needs. Institutions of Higher and Tertiary Education (HTE) with Bcom Programme Structure on their websites were selected for this study. We juxtapose the programme structures from University of Botswana, University of Johannesburg, University of Zimbabwe, Dayton (USA), Sheffield Hallam (UK), and Limkokwing (Malaysia).Main findings: The findings indicated that there is technology

mismatch in the teaching of Accounting in institution of higher learning.Practical/managerial implications: The findings of this study will be used to develop an industry driven program structure to address the technology gap in the accounting curriculum.Contribution/value-add: The paper inspires discussion around teaching and learning of accounting. This article can be used in influencing public policy, teaching and research regarding technology integration in the teaching and learning of accounts in Africa

KEYWORDS: Accounting, HTE, Revolution, Technology, Curriculum

EDMORE MUNJEYI (BA ISAGO UNIVERSITY) AND KUDZANAI CHARITY MUCHUCHUTI (BA ISAGO UNIVERSITY).


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THE USE OF ICT AS A STRATEGY FOR RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENTAL AND PROMOTIONAL TOO IN BOTSWANA – THE CASE OF MAUN

Lisbon Simeon Ketshabile(BOTSWANA ACCOUNTANCY COLLEGE)

ABSTRACT: Purpose – Tourism is one of the Botswana’s economic sectors and is the second most important economic contributor after diamond mining. The Botswana tourism is predominantly dominant in the northern part of the country. The tourist attraction in Botswana is ecotourism and the country needs to diverse its tourism products. It is imperative to use ICT to enhance and market rural tourism including cultural tourism. Rural tourism is an initiative in which communities can actively participate and benefit from tourism within their respective rural communities. The government of Botswana strives to diversify the country’s tourism product through the initiatives such as cultural tourism, and ICT can play a major role in marketing such initiative not only in Botswana but globally. ICT such as social media is not just a marketing tool, but it also has the potential to bring unity among people of varying ethnicity both in Botswana and across the borders. This paper aims at providing a theoretical underpinning for a practical significance of promoting ICT as a strategy to develop and market tourism in rural areas of Botswana.

Methodology/approach – The research information in this paper originates from published journal papers, government reports and books. The paper also relies on empirical survey which was administered to community members and tourism workers in various tourism enterprises and settlements in Maun. The paper briefly evaluates the possibility of using ICT to develop and promote community tourism in Botswana. This paper also analyses the use of ICT in enhancing active participation of the host rural communities in tourism in the country.

Findings – The paper concludes ICT has potential to develop and market tourism in rural areas of Botswana. Tourism general plays a vital role in the economy of Botswana because it generates employment, a source of foreign income, and it provides economic diversification opportunity, and the use of ICT will foster such potentials. Practical implications – An understanding that ICT can contributes to rural tourism development is essential to tourism decision makers to consciously promote the use of ICT in tourism developmental plans. This will mean involving and providing training opportunities for all stakeholders from both private and public sectors in the use of ICT as a strategy for tourism developmental initiatives.

Originality/value – The paper analyses promotion of ICT as a strategy for rural tourism development and marketing in Botswana in an innovative approach, contributing the understanding of its significance as well as recommending strategies that can be used in such promotion. The paper is useful for tourism businesses, decision makers and tourism leaders, government officials and general communities in realising that they can utilise ICT to develop and market rural tourism in a creative and collaborative way than depending on the ecotourism as the only key tourism product in the country. This also helps tourism role players to work closely with the communities in tourism development initiatives not only in Botswana but in general. This paper should be of value to academics who wish to increase their knowledge of the significance of ICT in rural tourism development and marketing. KEYWORDS–ICT, Rural Tourism, Host Community, Marketing, Economy, and diversification.



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Nkosinathi Mpofu - Botswana Accountancy CollegeABSTRACT. IdMaaS is an identity management approach where the identity management function is ceded to a third party, freeing an organization of both the human and computational resources associated with the function of identity management.

Purpose of study: The purpose of the research is to establish the extent to which technical design of the IdMaaS system impacts on the trust one places on IdMaaS, and present possible solutions to such technical impediments.Research design: This research adopted a pragmatic philosophical viewpoint, adopting a mixed method approach. A questionnaire was used to survey 251 respondents as a way of establishing the level of trust one has on IdMaaS, and analysed using SPSS. The ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 standard was used as a conceptual framework for contextualizing and guiding the design of IdMaaS system. Finally, as a way of affirming the IdMaaS theory, a throwaway prototype was utilised.

Findings : This research established the characteristics of an identity management system as slightly more critical than the character of the identity provider at 4.0218 compared to 3.9952 on a scale of 1 to 5. Summing the criticality of

the trust pillars gives a figure of 8.01704 or 80.17%, which this research interprets to mean that the factors identified in this research account for approximately 80% of IdMaaS impediments. Analysis of prototype results indicate that failover, resource access and data integrity mechanisms on a desktop-run prototype were achieved within the acceptable response times, as prescribed by Nielson (Nielson Jakob 1993a), whereas worse response times were observed for the same on a cloud run prototype. This research attributes the differences in response times to elements external to the identity management system

Value of the research : The trust issues presented by this research will be a starting point or input to formulating trust enhancing mechanisms. The impact of each trust factor identified in this research will also aid in directing proportionate attention to these factors. Above all, addressing trust issues has a potential of enhancing the viability of IdMaaS, which will in-turn be an addition to domain of anything-as-a-service (XaaS). This will not only reduce IT costs by streamlining the roles, but it will also open up entrepreneurial opportunities within the IT arena.

KEYWORDS: Identities, Identify Management, Trust, Framework, Cloud Computing, IdMaaS, Identity Provider, Relying Party, Access Management, Identity Register

ENHANCING DIGITAL RESOURCE SHARING WITH IDENTITY-MANAGEMENT-AS-A-SERVICE (IDMAAS) : A TECHNICAL TRUST PERSPECTIVE.


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WHITE PAPER: PLATFORM BUSINESS CAN SHAPE AFRICA’S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.

Victor Shabani (Nthekele.com). ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: African enterprises are in the cusp of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. However, they continue to be largely localised, as well as un-adapted to new market conditions and digital realities. Most remain vulnerable to disruptive technologies and business models, despite the immense business opportunities presented by the internet. Currently, the global internet economy is valued at $14.4 Trillion+ with over 700 million Africans actively participating in it. This user base is expected to grow as a market by 14% in 2019.

METHODS: Principles supported by Professor. Clayton Christensen; Competing Against Luck (2003), Innovator's Dilemma (2016), and Professor. Henry Chesborough; Open Innovation (2003) books are mixed and matched to demonstrate how African enterprise can thrive on cross platform integrations as core business models. Having adopted these concepts, a steadily growing platform and big data aggregator start-up business - Nthekele.com, was used to collect, analyse and validate data. The information obtained was interrogated to identify untapped market opportunities and potential as exist on the continent.

RESULTS: With Botswana’s multimedia industry as a prime focus of the initial probe, results indicate that; 94% the country’s online publishers with a combined reach potential of 900,000 users, operate stagnant websites that are neither growing nor profitable. After engaging and on-boarding 40% onto the platform, it was found that 100% of these did not understand how profitable digital business models work, nor how to transform their operations. In stark contrast, 93% of clients engaged were knowledgeable, but unsure how to take on and exploit existing business opportunities presented by digital.

CONCLUSION: Digital Transformation, Platform Business Models and Open Innovation are crucial driving factors to the proliferation and success of African businesses online. These are the keys to success of any native business towards Africa’s sustainable development and significant role playing in the global Internet of Things landscape.

KEYWORDS: platform business model, digital transformation, Fourth Industrial Revolution, open innovation, africa enterprise, technology startup, big data, internet of things, information integration, cross platform integration, cloud computing, analytics, startup business, african entrepreneurship, entrepreneur, multimedia publishing, publishers

25Abstract Book



CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CURRENT MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCHES AIMED AT IMPROVING LIE DETECTION ACCURACY.

Lynette Gabonthone (Botswana Accountancy College).

ABSTRACT: Over the years, lie detection has gained interest across researches. The Polygraph technique, invented by John Augustus in 1921, has received critics across researches due to its inaccuracy and unscientific justification. Different methodologies have been researched as a way to come up with a much better technology to improve accuracy of the polygraph machine. This is to ensure that systems dependent on lie detection such as the legal systems, do not prosecute the innocent nor leave the guilt un-prosecuted. This paper evaluates researches by different writers, to improve deception detection through machine learning. Conclusions pointed to the Electroencephalogram (EEG) Analysis standing a better chance at deception detection as it is not dependent on physiological reactions, but rather brain activity which is less likely to be influenced. The results lead to requiring more research to be carried out in order to improve the EEG technology for much finer results.

KEYWORDS: Machine Learning, Lie detection, Electroencephalogram, Brain Activity

THE CRITICAL REVIEW OF DATA MINING TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPROVE THE ACCURA-

CY OF CUSTOMER CHURN PREDICTION IN A TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE

Kaboyaone Lekwete (Botswana Accountancy Collge).

ABSTRACT: The study of data mining techniques to aid in customer churn prediction in varying industries has become a heated topic even for researchers in Telecommunication companies. This research reviews some of the data mining techniques, which include Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Networks used to develop models, proposed to achieve churn prediction in telecommunication. Furthermore, the ability of the models to provide a solution after a churn behavior has been identified i.e. customer retention strategy is evaluated one to another. Finally, conclusions are made based on the findings to ensure that telecom companies know which models are more an appropriate to handle their customer churn.

KEYWORDS: Data Mining techniques, Customer Churn Prediction, Telecommunication Churn, Prediction

AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF PUBLISHED FACE RECOGNITION RESEARCH AIMED AT IM-

PROVING ACCURACY IN IDENTIFICATION.

Bothe Moitho (Botswana Accountancy College).

ABSTRACT: Face recognition has over the years experienced tremendous growth mainly as a tool for identification, from smartphones to airport scanning devices, face recognition is also being used to combat several crimes including identity theft worldwide. This paper critically studies and evaluates the different feature-based approaches that have been tried out to better identification. The approaches reviewed in this paper are mostly state of the art, being face recognition based on gradation contour of face color, face recognition using the K-mean algorithm, face recognition using Haar classifier and local binary pattern and face recognition using the convolutional neural networks. After the employment of the above approaches, it was seen that the use of the convolutional neural networks was by far the most effective approach towards tackling the issue of accuracy.

KEYWORDS: Face recognition, Feature-based approaches, Accuracy


CRITICAL REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH AIMED AT COMBATING MAN-IN THE MIDDLE ATTACKS IN WLAN.

Kelebogile Mokoti (Botswana Accountancy College).

ABSTRACT: The use of WLAN has become very popular due to their cost effectiveness, high data rates and flexibility. However, security is still a major challenge to WLAN due to the broadcast nature of wireless media. The major attacks in an organization security include man in the middle attack, Denial of service attack and the dictionary attack. It is important to have WLAN security to ensure that there is data privacy, integrity and confidentiality. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss and evaluate the attempts proposed by other authors including detecting rogue access points using Hopfield Neural Network and security auditing techniques. The paper concludes with a critical review of research papers; proposing and exploring solutions hoping to safeguard the security of WLAN. These methods are important in reducing man in the man-middle attacks and the most effective method is the Hopfield neural network. The results obtained from the proposed papers discussed in the paper show that data delivery, latency and throughput are optimal which makes network services usable and enjoyable. Throughput improves performance and network connection.

KEYWORDS: WLAN security, Man in the middle attack, Denial of service attack, Dictionary attack, Hopfield Neural Network, security auditing techniques

AN EVALUATION OF CURRENT RESEARCH AIMED AT IMPROVING NETWORK SECURITY

IN INTERNET (IOT).

Tumisang Mogotsi (Botswana Accountancy College).

ABSTRACT: This paper provides a critical evaluation of current research aimed at improving the network security of Iot devices. As a result of its heterogeneity regarding network architecture and transfer protocols the Iot network has often been a victim of various network attacks such as denial of service which get stronger every year increasing the cost of producing security patches and tools for the gadgets. This paper focuses on Software Defined Network, Secure Key Distribution, Machine Learning and Block-Chain Security in securing the Iot network. Findings from the paper indicate that Machine learning has a 75.75 % in detecting network intrusion on the network. Comparison of methods is carried out through the paper to determine which method is potent and recommendations are made on improving each discussed method.

KEYWORDS: Internet Of Things, Secure Key Distribution, Block-Chain

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CURRENT RESEARCH AIMED AT IMPROVING SECURITY IN

CLOUD COMPUTING.

Everjoy Anesu Chikati (Botswana Accountancy College).

ABSTRACT: FCloud computing has become a very popular aspect of IT. Though it has its various advantages the biggest problem faced by cloud computing is security. This paper’s main focus is on comparing and evaluating various security techniques that have been proposed in recent years. It focuses on Modified Attributed Based Encryption Mechanism, Encryption Algorithm, Cloud Computing Adoption Framework and Key-Aggregate Cryptosystem for Scalable Data Sharing. Some of these methods highlighted the importance of file encryption before uploading to the cloud. Since all these techniques used different methods of evaluation it was hard to come up with a conclusion of which techniques is best for improving security in the cloud, despite this factor Modified Attributed Based Encryption Mechanism seems to be the better scheme among all the other techniques. This fact shows that more research needs to be conducted in this area so that the same evaluation methods are used and then the best or most efficient technique can be established.

KEYWORDS: cloud computing, security techniques, file encryption

27Abstract Book



EVALUATION OF CURRENT SECURITY MEASURES USED IN AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES (ATM).

Khumo Setlalekgosi (Botswana Accountancy College).

ABSTRACT: Increasing usage of Automated teller machines (ATM) have attracted lot of fraud cases, which became a profitability concern for banking sector and customers. It has given a rise to more methods introduced as a way of securing ATM’s. This paper critically evaluate four security methods implemented in ATMs being three-tier authentication, multimodal biometric strategy, multifactor authentication and thumbprint based authentication which integrate various methods to secure ATM’s more. These methods are plausible and their majority has fairly presented results. More experiments need to be done for clear evidence of justified conclusions and validity of these methods.

KEYWORDS: Automated teller machines, Security, three-tier authentication, multimodal biometric strategy, multifactor authentication, thumbprint based authentication

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH ON CRYPTOGRAPHY METHODS AIMED AT IMPROV-

ING NETWORK SECURITY.

Ame Lisa Gape Sebina (Botswana Accountancy College).

ABSTRACT: Cryptography has over the years become an integral part of network security, ensuring secure transmission of data over networks. The main aim of this paper is paper is to give an insight into current and novel cryptography approaches used to ensured security over networks and similar platforms. It provides are thorough yet concise explanation on the modality of the methods, their feasibility and makes a recommendation for future work. The paper determines that the methods under review from various researchers, such as EEG based cryptography, intertwining logistics map-cryptography, bio-metric based cryptography and the BNDA demonstrate strong performances against conventional cryptography methods. A critique of the experimentation procedures and research principles is carried out.

KEYWORDS: Cryptography, Network Security, EEG based cryptography, Intertwining logistics map-cryptography, Bio-metric based cryptography, BNDA


28

STRATEGIC PARTNERS

MEMBERSHIPSINTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITIES ASSOCIATION OF AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES

GLOBAL PROFESSIONAL AWARDS

PLATINUM PARTNER

PREMIUM LEARNING PARTNER APPROVED TUITION PROVIDER

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29 Abstract BookFor 1st International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation for Economic Diversification and Local Development

29Abstract BookFor 1st International Conference on Entrepreneurship

and Innovation for Economic Diversification and Local Development

MBA (Executive) What is the delivery format?• Blended learning provides leaners flexibility in arranging

study-time (no need to leave work place except for the monthly three-day intensive tuition sessions (including weekend) conducted at Botswana Accountancy College in Gaborone)

• Supported by enhanced on-line electronic resources as well as full academic support throughout the programme by BAC staff

How is the Course Structured?• The programme runs for 24 months, from October 2019• There are 8 taught modules and a project which gives

students an opportunity to solve a real-world problem involving both research and a practical element.

• Assessment for taught modules is based on individual written reports, research papers within practical assignments and time constrained exams

What are the entry qualifications?• A Bachelor’s degree (at least 2:2) or equivalent

professional qualification• 2-3 years relevant managerial work experience

How To apply?Applications should be downloaded from the linkhttp://www.bac.ac.bw/sites/default/files/documents/MA%20and%20MBA.pdf and be submitted at Botswana Accountancy College: Gaborone Fairgrounds OfficePark, Block D, 2nd Floor or Francistown - Plot 31403, MoffatStreet or via email [email protected]

Closing date: Friday 16th August 2019For Enquiries please contact: [email protected]

What are the benefits of the programme?• Highly rooted and interdisciplinary programme• The learner acquires an integrated worldview of commerce,

business and entrepreneurship• Develops corporate, business leaders and executives to

create appreciation of the contemporary business environment and globalization all within the right moral and ethical environment

• Enhances one’s ability to apply creative and innovative solutions to a range of complex management and leadership problems

• Develops strategic thinking and enquiry• Flexible learning schedule; full academic support throughout

the programme by BAC staff

• The Executive MBA is accredited by the Institute of

Leadership and Management (ILM), which enables the

learner to gain Institute of Leadership and Management

(ILM) student membership. With access to the ILM

online portal during the students’ learning period, this

provides the learner with a route to ILM membership

status of either Member (MinstLM) or Fellow (FinstLM)

upon successful completion of the MBA and meeting

the professional body criteria. The type of membership

will also be dependent on work experience.

ACQUIRE AN INTERNATIONAL QUALIFICATION IN BOTSWANA THROUGH BLENDED LEARNING


30

NOTES

31Abstract Book




Gaborone CampusPlot 50661, Fairgrounds, Private Bag 00319

Gaborone, BotswanaTel: +267 395 3062, Fax: +267 390 4103

Francistown CampusPlot 31403, Moffat Street

Private Bag 137, Francistown, BotswanaTel: +267 241 0558, Fax: +267 241 0534

Botswana Accountancy College @BAC_BW www.bac.ac.bw Botswana Accountancy College BAC_BW

1 international programme - bac.ac.bfinal).pdf · experience having cut her teeth at debswana...

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