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IETF – ENUM

US Government Briefing

Richard Shockey

IETF ENUM Work Group Chair

Senior Technical Industry Liaison

NeuStar, Inc.

1120 Vermont Avenue N.W.

Washington DC, 20005

rich.shockey@neustar.com 202.533.2811

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Who is NeuStar?Who is NeuStar?

• North American Numbering Plan Administrator• Manages all Telephone Numbers

• US Number Portability Administration• Permits Telephone Numbers to be “ported” from one

carrier to another.

• Number Pooling Administration in many states• .BIZ TLD award winner at ICANN with Melbourne

IT of Australia [ NeuLevel ]• www.neustar.com

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Problem StatementProblem Statement

How do you find services on the Internet if you only have a telephone number [E.164]?

– Why …Telephone Numbers are easy to use…– Why …Several billion devices have TN key pads.

How can we enable new IP services while creating new competitive markets and protect consumer choice,etc?

How can consumers and carriers have equal access to these new opportunities?

How do we create a trusted TN based resource for information about those services?

How do you make this simple, easy to use, without “reinventing the wheel”?

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Solution ENUM / DNS Directory ServiceSolution ENUM / DNS Directory Service

• Put telephone numbers into the global Domain Name System [DNS]

ENUM WG formed and operates within in the Internet Engineering Task Force

– Core protocol work completed - RFC2916

RFC2916 defines the use of DNS resource records to find optional :

– E-mail addresses

– Voice over IP SIP / H.323 servers

– Voice Mail servers

– Fax Machines

– New and yet undefined services !

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Why DNS?Why DNS?

It’s there...– It works... It’s global... It scales... It’s

fast... It’s open.

ENUM enabled DNS creates a low cost, shared Service Control Point like infrastructure for IP services

Goal – Telephone Number IN …. URL out

Key to all TN related services offered by providers over IP

ENUM is the tip of the PSTN – IP Convergence

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How Does ENUM Work?How Does ENUM Work?

Take a fully qualified E.164 telephone number and create a DNS entry in a single highly defined and structured domain.

The search for resources on the internet associated with + 1 202-533-2811 becomes a DNS look up to: 1.1.8.2.3.3.5.2.0.2.1.e164.arpa– The e164.arpa domain was selected by the Internet

Architecture Board specifically for this purpose with the concurrence of the ITU

– Single domain structure under e164.arpa becomes the authoritative “root” for telephone numbers

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Simple ENUM Flow ChartSimple ENUM Flow Chart

SIP Proxies

ENUM Global Directory (DNS)

Equates 1(202) 533-2811 to sip:rich.shockey@carrier.net to enable Voice over IP using SIP

Proxy Queries DNS for SIP Address based on TN

Internet

DNS

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What ENUM is not….What ENUM is not….

ENUM is not about carrier selection (selection of carrier within a given service type)

ENUM is not about telecom bypass– An alternative to circuit switched technology

ENUM does not change the Numbering Plan– ENUM does not change ITU-E.164– ENUM does not change telephony numbering or its

assignments in anyway – ENUM does not exhaust the NANP

May conserve numbering resources

ENUM is NOT about 911 services

Opt-In system minimizes Privacy issuesConsumer Name and Address not exposed to Net

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How Does ENUM Work?How Does ENUM Work?

Input:

$ORIGIN. 1.1.8.2.3.3.5.2.0.2.1.e164.arpa

Output: NAPTR RR response In this response the preferred contact method is SIP ord pr fl service re replacement IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "sip+E2U" "!^.*$!sip:rich.shockey@carrier.net!" .

IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" "mailto+E2U" "!^.*$!mailto:rich.shockey@neustar.com!" .

IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" “fax-t37+E2U" "!^.*$!mailto:faxmachine4@neustar.com!" .

IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" "tel+E2U“ "!^.*$!tel:+12025332811!" .

Note: Consumers do not see this process ! ENUM protocol imbedded in devices and proxies.

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ENUM DNS Hierarchy – A ModelENUM DNS Hierarchy – A Model

e164.arpa

1.e164.arpa

4.3. 2.1.3.3.5.2.0.2.1.e164.arpa->NAPTRs (ldap://ldap.z1.com)

PROXY OR DATABASE

*.9.9.9.1. e164.arpa

Based on country-codeDelegated to nation-states

x.x.x.1. e164.arpa

y.y.y.1. e164.arpa......

Non-US NPAsUS NPAsTier 1(One

Administrator per country)

Tier 2(Designated bythe end user)

4.3.2.1.3.3.5.2.0.2.1.e164.arpa->y1.com

Tier 3(Depending on

the service. SIP- Voice Mail )

Tier 1 :Who is the subscriber designated authority for a given phone number? In the US this should resolve to the full 10 digits to satisfy portability concerns.

Tier 2: What services are available for a specific phone number. Use DNS resource records to provision services. RR’s can be hosted by service providers, enterprises or individuals.

RIPE CC – Based in Europe

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ApplicationsApplications

Internet

ENUM

Directory

TelephonyNetworks

Enabled Enabled ApplicationsApplications

• Voice over IP

• Unified Messaging

• Instant Messaging

• IP Fax

• Personal Web Pages

E.164 E.164 NumbersNumbers

• 10 Digit10 Digit

• 800800

• InternationalInternational

PrivatePrivate

NetworksNetworks

Internet Internet Domain Name Domain Name AddressesAddresses

DNSDNS

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Implementation IssuesImplementation IssuesProtocol Work is done and approved as IETF RFC 2916

IETF – ITU Agree on delegation model - Liaison Statement issued by Study Group 2

– Nation State control by Country Code– ITU will insure that Member States have authorized

the inclusion of their Country Code in e164.arpa– ITU to coordinate with RIPE NCC as the Root

But ITU is not in “Control” of e164.arpa

– IETF - ITU jointly work together in moving forward

How are the National Delegation Servers for each country to be managed?

Operational Requirements

Regulatory Requirements

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Next Steps…Next Steps…

Industry Input needed from both Carriers and Vendor Community– Technical

Put ENUM capable DNS Resolver into Internet Telephony Products

Create ENUM / DNS Operational Metrics

Security - Redundancy

– AdministrativePolicy

Operations– Verifying the identity of the subscriber for ENUM services– Validating ENUM data for potential users (E.164 number and list of

services and preferences)– Provisioning the data to the servers

– Telecom Industry Understands this class of resource

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Next Steps…Next Steps…

Discussion today w/ U.S. Government representatives on how to move forward .. Quickly

US Government has sufficient authority to act Educational Process Ongoing

Policy Option Development

– Existing Policy models in the PSTN offer guidance to : Promote Consistency with existing Number Plan and Portability requirements

Prevent Number Slamming

Prevent Number Hijacking

Protect Consumers

Equal Access to RR’s by all carriers and service providers

International Regulators to be briefed– This is not a US issue only– Upcoming ITU Seminar Geneva Jan 18

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ENUM ResourcesENUM Resources

ENUM Charter

http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/enum-charter.html

ENUM Core Protocol

ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2916.txt

ENUM WG Requirements

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-rqmts-01.txt

ENUM Call Flows

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-lind-enum-callflows-01.txt

ENUM Operations Issues

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-operation-01.txt

ENUM Administration in the United Stateshttp://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pfautz-yu-enum-adm-00.txt

Voice Profile for Internet Mail

ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2421.txt

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ENUM ResourcesENUM Resources

IETF-ITU Liaison Statement

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-itu-sg2-liason-enum-01.txt

NAPTR Resource Records

ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2915.txt

A DDDS Database Using The Domain Name System

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-dns-ddds-database-01.txt

Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS)

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-ddds-02.txt

URI Resolution using the Dynamic Delegation Discovery System

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-uri-res-ddds-01.txt

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NeuStar view..NeuStar view..

ENUM IS Convergence– Will increase competition in telecom markets

– “Great leap” for convergence

ENUM fulfills the potential of IP networks– NeuStar and the industry can begin a trials anytime

ENUM must have a single, “golden” database for the U.S.– DNS permits only one “authoritative” root– one administrator at first level– unlimited databases at lower, applications level

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NeuStar view….NeuStar view….U.S. Government should internally decide on a contracting agency and submit an RFP for ENUM Administration in the US as soon as practical in free, fair and open competitive process– Commercial Companies w/ capital resources

Goals for Administration– Promote U.S. Commercial interests

– Continue U.S. Internet Leadership

– Protection of Consumer interestsSystem must be designed to assure security consumer choice

Well-designed system can protect against hijacking, slamming and cramming, minimizing regulatory involvement

Equal access provisions for multiple third party service creation