1 hypertension 2002: an overview. 2 leading risks for death (world health organization 1995)
TRANSCRIPT
1
Hypertension 2002: Hypertension 2002: An An OverviewOverview
2
Leading Risks For Death Leading Risks For Death (World Health Organization 1995)(World Health Organization 1995)
3
5
4
2
1
Physical Inactivity
Poor water supply
HYPERTENSION
Tobacco use
Malnutrition
3
What Is Blood Pressure?What Is Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure is the amount of force on the walls of the arteries as the blood circulates around the body.
4
The upper number is when the heart beats
(Systolic Blood Pressure SBP)The lower number is when the heart
relaxes
(Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP)
What Do The Numbers Mean?What Do The Numbers Mean?
5
Measured in mm Hg Measured in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)(millimeters of mercury)
e.g. 124/82 mm Hg Systolic=124 mm Hg Diastolic= 82 mm Hg
6
What is Hypertension ?What is Hypertension ?
It is also called High Blood Pressure (HBP)
Hypertension is a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater
140
90
7
Blood pressure category Blood pressure category
Optimal <120 and <80
Normal <130 and <85High normal 130–139 or 85–89
HypertensionStage 1 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 160–179 or 100–109 Stage 3 >180 or >110
Optimal <120 and <80
Normal <130 and <85High normal 130–139 or 85–89
HypertensionStage 1 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 160–179 or 100–109 Stage 3 >180 or >110
Blood pressure (mmHg)Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
Systolic DiastolicDiastolic
Classification of Blood Pressure for Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults Adults
8
What Causes What Causes HYPERTENSION ?HYPERTENSION ?
95% ‘not known’ Genetics 40% Environment 60% (lifestyle)
5% underlying disease
9
Your Lifestyle is Related to Your Lifestyle is Related to HypertensionHypertension
Sedentary lifestyle Unhealthy diet
To little fresh fruit, fresh vegetables and low fat dairy
products To much salt (sodium) and saturated fats
Being overweight Alcohol Stress
10
Hypertension Is More Common Hypertension Is More Common in Older Peoplein Older People
age 18-34
age 65-74
age 35-64
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
18-34 35-64 65-74
Age in years
% w
ith
hy
pe
rte
ns
ion
men women
11
Unaware of their hypertension
Unaware of their hypertension
Not treated and not controlled
Not treated and not controlled
Treated and not controlled
Treated and not controlled
Treated and controlled
Treated and controlled
22% of Adult Canadians Have 22% of Adult Canadians Have HypertensionHypertension
16%
42%
23%
19%
12
Untreated Hypertension Can Untreated Hypertension Can CauseCause
Atherosclerosis Strokes Dementia Heart failure Kidney failure Poor circulation –
impotence, leg cramps when walking
Premature deathRe
Pressure related damage
Strokes Heart failure Kidney failure Confusion Premature death
13
Why Do Some Develop Heart Why Do Some Develop Heart Disease or Stroke and Others Disease or Stroke and Others
Don’t?Don’t? There are several risks that cause heart attacks and
strokes The more risks and the higher the risks, the greater
the chance of developing heart disease or stroke More than 9 in 10 Canadians with hypertension
have other risks of developing heart disease and stroke
14
Cardiovascular RisksCardiovascular Risks
High blood pressure Smoking High cholesterol Diabetes Low physical activity Stress Obesity Diet Excess alcohol consumption
15
What Are the Benefits of Treating What Are the Benefits of Treating Hypertension? Hypertension?
Heart attack by 15%
Heart failure by 50%
Stroke by 38%
Death by 10%
For a decrease of 10/5 mm Hg:
16
Who Can Help You Control & Who Can Help You Control & Treat Your Hypertension ?Treat Your Hypertension ?
You Your family Family doctor Nurse, dietitian, pharmacist, psychologist, exercise
physiologist Medical specialist
17
How Low Should Your Blood How Low Should Your Blood Pressure Be Lowered to?Pressure Be Lowered to?
Most people: Less than 140/90 mm Hg when measured at the
doctors office Less than 135/85 mm Hg when measured at
home
Diabetes or kidney disease Less than 130/80 mm Hg when measured at the
doctor’s office
18
9 Ways to Help Control 9 Ways to Help Control HypertensionHypertension
Eat a healthy diet
Be active for at least 45-60 minutes 4-5 times / week
Control your weight
Limit daily alcohol to 2 drinks/day or less
19
9 Ways to Help Control 9 Ways to Help Control Hypertension(Cont..)Hypertension(Cont..)
Cut back on salt
Don’t smoke
Take time to relax
Take medications as prescribed
Check your BP at home
20
DrugsDrugs for Hypertension for Hypertension
21
Antihypertensive DrugsAntihypertensive Drugs(Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension)(Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension)
risk of death and disabilityUsually do not make you feel betterUsually do not make you feel worseUsually need to be combined to normalize
blood pressure
22
Antihypertensive Drugs Antihypertensive Drugs (Cont.)(Cont.)
Are taken for life unless your doctor stops the medication
Need to be continued, even though you feel well
Can interact with alcohol
23
Classes of Drugs Classes of Drugs DiureticsBeta-BlockersACE inhibitorsCalcium channel blockersAngiotensin receptor blockers (ARB’s)Alpha blockersMiscellaneous
Antihypertensive MedicationsAntihypertensive Medications
Compliance
AdherenceConcordance
25
If Medication Is Not Taken As If Medication Is Not Taken As DirectedDirected
BP may not be controlled When you don’t take your medication, your doctor
may prescribe another drug since they might think the first one didn’t work or increase dosage of drugs
Side effects may be more troublesome An adverse reaction or event may result
26
Tips To Help You Take Your Tips To Help You Take Your MedicationMedication
Develop a practical medication schedule (timetable) with your doctor or pharmacist
Keep an up-to-date medication record listing all medical conditions and drugs you take
Keep this record in your wallet Show your medication record to your doctor and
pharmacist at each visit
27
Hints For Using Medication Hints For Using Medication WiselyWisely
Tailor your medication taking to fit your daily schedule (e.g. when you brush your teeth)
Monitor your BP to see how well your medications are working
28
Hints For Using Medication Hints For Using Medication Wisely (Cont.)Wisely (Cont.)
If you are having problems remembering
your pills Count your tablets to see how often you are
forgetting them Use a dosette
(medication box)
29
Self measurement of BPSelf measurement of BP
AND®
UA-767
Omron® HEM-747
30
SummarySummary
Hypertension is a common cause of disability and death
Hypertension can be prevented and treated by changes in lifestyle
The problems caused by hypertension can be largely prevented by drug therapy if treatment goals are reached
31
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
1. Blood pressure measures the amount of pressure in your arteries.
TRUE FALSE
32
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
2. A blood pressure greater than 140 over 90 (140/90 mmHg) is generally considered too high.
TRUE FALSE
33
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
3. You can usually tell if your blood pressure is too high by the way you feel.
TRUE FALSE
34
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
4. Having one elevated blood pressure reading means than you have high blood pressure.
TRUE FALSE
35
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
5. High blood pressure (sometimes called hypertension) is a major risk factor for heart disease.
TRUE FALSE
36
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
6. The following lifestyle factors can help to treat and control high blood pressure:
· Weight control or having a healthy weight
· Regular exercise
· Eating a healthy diet
· Restricting alcohol intake TRUE FALSE
37
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
7. Smoking can cause high blood pressure. TRUE FALSE
38
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
8. Generally, people who do not have high blood pressure should have their blood pressure checked every 3 to 4 years.
TRUE FALSE
39
Hypertension questionsHypertension questions
9. If you are being treated for high blood pressure you will need to stay on treatment the rest of your life.
TRUE FALSE