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Hazardous Energy

Module 5

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ObjectivesObjectives• After this module you should be able to– identify the most common energy hazards– take the necessary steps to avoid those

hazards

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Energy HazardsEnergy Hazards• Energy that is not isolated at its source• Stored energy• Accidental re-energization of equipment• Not controlling the key for your own lock• Maintenance and service on live electrical

equipment• Energy disconnects not labeled• Damaged extension cords• Extension cords without grounding prongs• Extension cords not GFCI-protected• Overhead powerlines

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What is Lockout/Tagout?What is Lockout/Tagout?• Lockout/tagout (LOTO) is a physical means

of stopping the flow of energy (whether electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) from the energy source to the equipment and ultimately to the worker

• Lockout/tagout prevents the unexpected startup of the equipment or release of stored energy from the equipment during maintenance or servicing of the equipment

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Sequence of LockoutSequence of Lockout1. Notify all affected employees2. Identify energy sources3. Shut equipment down4. De-activate the energy isolating devices5. Lockout the energy isolating devices6. Dissipate or restrain stored or residual

energy7. Verify energy isolation

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Re-Energizing EquipmentRe-Energizing Equipment1. Check equipment and immediate area2. Ensure all employees are clear3. Verify that controls are in neutral4. Remove lockout devices and re-energize

the equipment5. Notify all affected employees

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mud pumps are one example of equipment that must be locked and tagged out before maintenance or servicing

follow your company’s lockout/tagout procedures for the specific equipment to be worked on

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lockout/tagout equipment must be provided

use only approved locks and tags when performing lockout/tagout

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a proper lockout/tagout setup for a single authorized employee

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Additional ConcernsAdditional Concerns• During third-party or outside contractor

operations, the employer’s shall decide which company’s lockout policy to use

• During group lockout, each worker must put a lock on the lockout device

• During a shift change, the level of protection provided by lockout/tagout necessary to protect workers must be maintained

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What Electricity Can DoWhat Electricity Can Do• 1 mA = 1/1000 Amp• A small drill uses 2.25 Amps– 1 mA = perception level, slight tingling– 5 mA = slight shock, not painful– 6-30 mA = painful shock, can’t let go– 50-150 mA = extreme pain, respiratory arrest– 1-4.3 Amps = ventricular fibrillation, death likely– 10 Amps = cardiac arrest, probable death

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Electrical ProtectionElectrical Protection• Electric power tools must have a true

ground or be double insulated• Extension cords must be rated for

commercial outdoor use• Extension cords must have a ground fault

circuit interrupter (GFCI) connected– it can be hard wired into the circuit or you

can attach a portable GFCI [below]

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damage of an extension cord through the outer jacket, exposing the conductors and ground wire

Corrective Action: this cord must be taken out of service (note that minor cuts or nicks are allowed)

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an extension cord with the ground plug missing

Corrective Actions: cut into pieces and discard this cord; replace with a grounded extension cord

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cables can become damaged with nicks, cuts, etc.

these cables are chained up to reduce the possibility of damage

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this is a good example of properly labeled electrical components

all electrical disconnects should be labeled accordingly

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Electrical Hazard CluesElectrical Hazard Clues• Clues that electrical hazards exist– tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses– warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or

junction boxes– GFCI that shuts off a circuit– worn or frayed insulation around wire or

connection

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overhead powerlines are a constant threat to equipment and trucking operators

Corrective Action: you, your equipment, and materials should stay at least 10 feet away from overhead powerlines

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If You Contact a PowerlineIf You Contact a Powerline• The equipment you are operating and the

ground around it is energized• Stay in the equipment if possible• Warn all others to stay away• Notify the power company immediately

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If You Contact a PowerlineIf You Contact a Powerline• If you must get out of the equipment– keep both feet together at all times– hop or shuffle out of the area

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Revisions to NFPA 70ERevisions to NFPA 70E• As a result of the injuries and deaths related to

arc flash, changes/additions have been incorporated into the National Fire Protection Association publication number 70E, the most recent version being NFPA 70E-2004.1. qualified persons only2. arc flash analysis3. personal protective equipment4. ppe according to standard5. ppe with proper arc flash rating

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Arc FlashArc Flash• Arc flash results from an arcing fault,

where electric arcs and resulting radiation and shrapnel cause severe burns, hearing damage, and eye injuries

• To minimize risk– switch remotely if possible– stand aside and away as much as possible– avoid touching switchgear or metallic

surfaces– use proper tools and ppe

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a good example of arc flash ppe

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Applicable StandardsApplicable Standards• 1910.147 Control of Hazardous Energy• 1910 Subpart S Electrical• 1926 Subpart K Electrical• NFPA 70E• API RP 54 Section 10 Drilling and Well

Servicing Rig Electrical Systems

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Your Employer Is Responsible ForYour Employer Is Responsible For• Creating lockout/tagout procedures• Training employees to become authorized

employees and ensuring only they perform lockout/tagout

• Providing all necessary equipment and ppe to ensure your safety

• Responding to and correcting hazards pointed out by you, the worker

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You Are Responsible ForYou Are Responsible For• Following your company’s lockout/tagout

procedures• Inspecting electric power tools and extension

cords before each use• Operating heavy equipment and cranes at least

10’ away from overhead powerlines• Wearing the appropriate ppe• Correcting the hazards you are able to correct• Reporting to your supervisor the hazards you

are unable to correct

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Case StudyCase Study• A worker began repairing a cable that had

been damaged by a truck, he deenergized the cable. Another worker reenergized it. The worker making the repair died.

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Case StudyCase Study• A pump jack, being moved with a gin pole

truck, came into contact with or came near an electrical line.

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Always RememberAlways Remember• Follow lockout/tagout procedures• Label all breakers, switches, and other

disconnects• Wear appropriate ppe• Be aware of powerlines• Inspect extension cords frequently

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Memory CheckMemory Check1. You, your equipment, and materials

should stay at least how many feet away from overhead powerlines?

a. 6 inchesb. 10 feetc. 30 feetd. 100 feet

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Memory CheckMemory Check2. What must be connected to each

extension cord that is in use?a. an AC/DC convertorb. a GFCIc. a 3-to-2 prong adaptord. a cord reel

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Memory CheckMemory Check3. What should an equipment operator who

has contacted an overhead powerline NOT do?

a. stay in the equipment, if possibleb. jump with feet apartc. shuffle or hop across the groundd. warn all others to stay away