1 gregory cold water habitats - critfc...dynamism ! but human communities resist dynamism and view...
TRANSCRIPT
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Fish,ColdWaterHabitatsandClimateResiliency
StanGregoryOregonStateUniversity
IndependentScien?ficAdvisoryBoardFutureofOurSalmonConference October19,2016
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RecognizethevalueofhealthyandecologicallysustainablefloodplainsintheColumbiaRivermainstemandits
tributariesthatisresilienttoan?cipatedclimatechangeimpacts
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Whatisafloodplain?
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Floodplains ! Floods build rivers ! Floodplains are not
land next to rivers ! Floodplains are THE RIVER
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Floodplains and First Foods
! Clean water ! Salmon and lamprey ! Deer ! Cous ! Huckleberry
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Willamette River Basin Fish Communities
! Native Fish 35 species
! Non-Native Fish 32 species
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NumberofSpecies
Portland Eugene
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93%offishcapturedwerena@vespecies
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Mean annual temperature in the Willamette Basin projected through 2100 with
three different climate models
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2000-2016
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“Evaluatetheeffec@venessandfeasibilityofpossibleac@onstomi@gateeffectsofclimatechange,includingselec@vewithdrawalfromcool/coldwaterstoragereservoirstoreducewatertemperaturesorotherac@onstocreateorprotectcoolwaterrefugiainmainstemreachesorreservoirs.”
ColumbiaBasinFishandWildlifeProgramEcosystemFunc@onStrategy
ClimateChangeSub-Strategy
12Source:JohnPalmerUSEPARegion10
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Whereisthecoldwater?
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FloodplainSourcesofColdWaterRefuges
! Groundwater ! Hyporheic exchange ! Tributary confluences
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FloodplainSourcesofColdWaterRefuges
! Groundwater ! Hyporheic exchange ! Tributary confluences
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FloodplainAlcoves
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SideChannels
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FloodplainAlcoves
Two-yearFloodInunda@on
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HyporheicFlowsideview
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100 m
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Cold Water Refuges
! Those portions of a water body where, or times during the day when, the water temperature is at least 2 degrees Celsius colder than the daily maximum temperature of the adjacent well-mixed flow of the water body.
OAR 340-041-0002(10)
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Beginning in 2010, the Meyer Memorial Trust and OWEB supported a study of thermal patterns of 200 miles of the mainstem Willamette River and more than 100 sloughs,
side channels, and tributary mouths.
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SideChannels
25%ofsidechannelsiteswerecolderthanmainstemBUT
Noneofthesidechannelswere>2ºCcolderthanmainstem
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August2016• 175milesofthemainstemWillame]eRiver
Willame]eCrew:BillBoyer,KathrynBoyer
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August2016• 43alcoves
56%ofthealcovesweremorethan2°Ccolderthan
mainstemmaximum
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August2016Portland Eugene
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FishCommuni@es
• Abundanceandnumberofna@vefishspeciesweregreaterthannon-na@vespeciesincoldwaterhabitats.
• Salmonidswere10@mesmoreabundantincoldwateralcovesthaninwarmwateralcoves.
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Mean 14.0⁰C
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Mean 21.8⁰C
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InJulyandAugust,50%ofradiotaggedcu]hroattroutwerelocatedinalcoveswith
coldwaterrefuges.
25%ofradiotaggedtroutwerelocatedadjacenttoalcoveswithcoldwater
refuges.
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TributaryJunc@ons
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TributaryJunc@ons
Two-yearFloodInunda@on
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37
ColumbiaRiveratBonneville(Keeferetal.)
Source:JohnPalmerUSEPARegion10
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SteelheadUseofColdWaterinColumbiaRiver
Source:Keeferetal.ascitedbyJohnPalmerUSEPARegion10
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39
FallChinookRefugeUse
Source:Gonieaetal.2006ascitedbyJohnPalmerUSEPARegion10
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ColumbiaRiverCWRTributaries
40
DataSource:NorWest,USFS
Source:JohnPalmerUSEPARegion10
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Li]leWhiteSalmonCWR
41 Source:JohnPalmerUSEPARegion10
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It’snotjustabouttemperature!
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FloodplainAlcoves
3%ofLowFlowChannel
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SideChannels
11%ofLowFlowChannel
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Dynamism
! A fundamental property of rivers is dynamism
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Dynamism ! But human communities
resist dynamism and view rivers as extensions of property.
! Change is undesirable and uncertainty is abhorred.
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FLOOD CONTROL DAMS AFTER 1950 HAVE REDUCED PEAK FLOOD DISCHARGES OF MAJOR FLOODS BY 30-40%
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FLOOD CONTROL DAMS AFTER 1950 HAVE REDUCED DELIVERY OF SEDIMENT TO MAINSTEM WILLAMETTE RIVER BY 60% Jim O’Connor, USGS
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Pain%ng:CourtesyofAprilWaters,usedwithpermissionwww.aprilwaters.com
Whatarethecharacteris@csofthenewriverofthe21stcentury?
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Pain%ng:CourtesyofAprilWaters,usedwithpermissionwww.aprilwaters.com
Anewriverisformingandtheoccurrenceofcoldwaterhabitats
willdependonthedynamicsofthechanneland
floodplain.
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