1 gender statistics: what is all about? angela me unece statistics division
TRANSCRIPT
1
Gender Statistics: What is all about?
Angela MeUNECE Statistics Division
UNECE Statistical Division 2
Gender/Sex
Gender refers to socially constructed differences between sexes and to the social relationship between women and men
Sex: biological differences between women and men
UNECE Statistical Division 3
Gender/Sex
Gender: differences may be changed
Sex: differences are fixed and unchangeable
UNECE Statistical Division 4
What is Gender Statistics
Gender statistics are statistics that adequately reflect the situation of women and men in all policy areas - they allow for a systematic study of gender differentials and gender issues.
UNECE Statistical Division 5
What gender statistics is NOT
Women statistics
Not exclusively for women advocacy
An issue only for women’s organizations
UNECE Statistical Division 6
Why do we need Gender statistics?
Analysis: Production of G. I.
Use of G. I. For Policy making
Production of G.S.
UNECE Statistical Division 7
What is gender statistics?
Gender statistics
relates to all statistical fields where individuals are observed
statistics by sex + statistics reflecting gender issues
UNECE Statistical Division 8
What is gender statistics?
From Gender-Blind Statistics to Gender-sensitive
Sex as a variable in the presentation of the data
Sex as a variable in the collection of the data
The production of gender-sensitive data
UNECE Statistical Division 9
What is gender statistics?
From Gender-Blind Statistics to Gender-sensitive
Example: Census Tables – sex-to-be-included
Example: business register questionnaire: to include sex
To improve the data collection Expand existing data collection (Labour Force
Surveys) Initiate new data collection (Time-use, Violence
against women)
UNECE Statistical Division 10
What is Gender Statistics?
Production and dissemination of statistics
Quality of data
Relevance for gender analysis
Use of the data
UNECE Statistical Division 11
What is gender statistics?
Not ONLY the statistics reflecting gender issues
should be sex-disaggregated
UNECE Statistical Division 12
What is gender statistics?
Statistics on women and men on ALL spheres of society
Statistics by sex + statistics reflecting gender issues
UNECE Statistical Division 13
Implications
GS relates to all statistical fields where individuals are observed
Mainstreaming into national statistical systems
UNECE Statistical Division 14
What does mainstreaming mean?
Sex-disaggregated data (production, methods and dissemination) in all
areas:
• Business statistics?
• Agriculture statistics?
• Transport statistics?
• ICT statistics?
UNECE Statistical Division 15
Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
To work in all fields of statistics (and not only social and demographic) to include sex in the production and dissemination of statistics
UNECE Statistical Division 16
Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
To consider the impact on women and men in every step of statistical production
Concepts and methods used in data collection need to be adequately formulated to ensure that they reflect existing gender concerns and differentials
UNECE Statistical Division 17
Production of sex-disaggregated data ECE/UNDP Assessment
2003
Yes No No answer
0Poverty 34
43Migration 4 0
1Informal Sector 3 3
Time Use 2 5 0Violence 4 3 0Trafficking 0 5 2
UNECE Statistical Division 18
Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
Resistance
“Business statistics does not relate to gender”
“We do not want to overburden the respondents”
UNECE Statistical Division 19
Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
Key Message to gender-blind statisticians:
Relevance
Need help from the “Users”
UNECE Statistical Division 20
Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
How to operate?
1. GSFP placed in the office of the chief statistician or in other cross-cutting departments
2. Gender sensitization in national statistical offices
UNECE Statistical Division 21
Message 2 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
All statistics should be analyzed and presented with sex as primary and
overall classification (Internet, Yearbooks, specialized
publications)
Involvement in the entire dissemination process not only in publications on women and men
UNECE Statistical Division 22
Dissemination of sex-disaggregated data ECE/UNDP Assessment
2003
Always 4
Very Often 3
Infrequent 0
UNECE Statistical Division 23
Message 2 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
Resistance
“There is no space”
“There are no differences between women and men and therefore there is no need to disaggregate the data by sex”
UNECE Statistical Division 24
Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
Key Message to gender-blind statisticians:
Relevance
Need help from the “Users”
UNECE Statistical Division 25
Message 2 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point
(GSFP)
How to operate?
1. GSFP placed in the office of the chief statistician or in other cross-cutting departments
2. Gender sensitization in national statistical offices
UNECE Statistical Division 26
Location and Seniority of GSFP
ECE/UNDP Assessment 2003
Location Level of seniority
Azerbaijan Soc&Dem Deputy Dir.
Kazakhstan Soc%Dem Head of Dept.
Kyrgyzstan Social Vice-Dir. Division
Tajikistan Social First deputy Dir.
Turkmenistan
Soc&Pop Head Dept.
Uzbekistan Social Deputy Dir.
Russian Fed. Labour Deputy Dir.
UNECE Statistical Division 27
GSFP Interacting with other Departments ECE/UNDP Assessment
2003
Yes Partly No No unit
Economic St. 5 1 0 1
Agriculture St. 4 1 1 0
Soc&Dem St. 7 0 0 0
Methodology Unit
4 1 1 0
Dissemination Unit
6 1 0 0
UNECE Statistical Division 28
National Statistical Office
From this structure ....
D ept. 1Type title here
D ept. 2Type title here
G ender S tatistics
D ept. 3Type title here
C hief S tatistic ian
UNECE Statistical Division 29
National Statistical Office
... To th is structure
G ender S tatistics
D ept. 1Type title here
D ept. 2Type title here
D ept. 3Type title here
C hief S tatistic ian
UNECE Statistical Division 30
Message 1 for Users
Sex-disaggregated data provide an unbiased basis for policy needs
The improvement of gender statistics involves all the statistical system
Stimulate the production of GS Provision for sex-disaggregated data in
Gender Equality Laws
UNECE Statistical Division 31
Legal Framework for GSECE/UNDP Assessment 2003
Stat. Law Gender Eq. Law
Other
Azerbaijan X
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan X
Tajikistan X (not specific)
Turkmenistan
X (not specific)
Uzbekistan X (not specific)
Russian Fed. X (Action Pl)
UNECE Statistical Division 32
GS: More than sex-disaggregated data
GS: Production of statistics that adequately reflect gender issues considering the different socio-economic reality women and men face in society
An issue not only for statisticians
UNECE Statistical Division 33
Message 2 for Users
Need to work with statisticians to identify the areas where the
social and economic reality of women and men are different and
need to be addressed
UNECE Statistical Division 34
Analysis: Production of G. I.
Use of G. I.
Production of G.S.
UNECE Statistical Division 35
AnalysisWhat are the relevant indicators to measure gender equality for policy
making?
1. Indicators of process toward gender equalityex.: number of courses and seminars
2. Indicators to measure gender equalityequal opportunitiesequal outcomes
UNECE Statistical Division 36
Indicators for gender equality
What is gender equality?
Equality of opportunities or equality of outcomes?
Equal opportunities = Equal rightsEqual outcomes = everyone achieves the same outcomes
UNECE Statistical Division 37
What is gender equality?Example: Participation in employment
Opportunities: Equal level of education Outcome: Equal participation in employment
Different implications for policy making
Outcome intervention: Positive Actions quotas, programmes targeted only to women
UNECE Statistical Division 38
Indicators for gender equality
To measure equality we need both indicators of
opportunities and indicators of outcomes
UNECE Statistical Division 39
Indicators for gender equality
BUTIt is easier to measure outcomes
ex. Gender pay gap
Often indicators simply measure a different reality for women and men. This reality needs to be further analyzed to highlight when these differences are due to unequal opportunities (or unequal rights) and NOT to different choices
UNECE Statistical Division 40
Indicators for gender equality
Focus not only on desired outcome but outcomes in relation to their inputs
Linking inputs and outputs
UNECE Statistical Division 41
Indicators for gender equality
Examples
• Pay gap by educational level/hours worked/occupation
• Activity rate by family composition
• Hours worked by family composition
• Activity rate by educational level/field of study
UNECE Statistical Division 42
Indicators for gender equality
Key in Measuring Equal Opportunities
Gender roles, norms and attitudes: societal forces that create and maintain gender inequality
Challenge for national statistical systems
UNECE Statistical Division 43
Cycle of Production and Use
Analysis: Production of G. I.
Use of G. I.
Production of G.S.
UNECE Statistical Division 44
Why to use gender indicators
To understand the conditions in society for women and men
To understand what affects gender equality
To provide quantifiable information and advocate for gender equality
To better focus policies to have an impact on equality between women and men
To monitor policies and their impact on the situation of women and men
UNECE Statistical Division 45
Why to use gender indicators
To increase evidence-based policy making and evaluation
To perform Gender Impact Assessments (Ireland)
Current position of women and men What factors affect women and men
differently? How these factors can be changed?
UNECE Statistical Division 46
What is needed to use gender indicators for policy making
Gender analysis to understand
What affects outputs: what factors affect women and men differently?
The actual trend of the outputs How much the gender dimension
matters Where in the countries are the
women and men most affected
UNECE Statistical Division 47
Gender gap by educational level
Source: ECE Gender Data base, latest year available
0102030405060708090
100
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
UNECE Statistical Division 48
Use of gender statistics for policy
Use of gender statistics/indicators is easier
at local level
UNECE Statistical Division 49
Use of gender statistics for monitoring
Benchmarking
To establish a criterion or a standard against which an object is set and progress is measured
Goals and Targets
UNECE Statistical Division 50
Use of gender statistics for monitoring
Goals and Targets
Define what is gender equality and where priorities are
Define the regular collection of output indicators
UNECE Statistical Division 51
Cycle of Production and Use
Analysis: Production of G. I.
Use of G. I.
Production of G.S.
UNECE Statistical Division 52
Conclusions Users need to be trained on HOW to
use statistics Gender analysis Understand the quality of the data
Accuracy (Coverage, methodology) Relevance Timeliness
Understand the complimentary role of qualitative information
To base policy decision on solid statistics
To set targets and monitoring processes