1 geant4@parisgeant4@paris 08/06/2007 // this : a geant4-based therapeutic
TRANSCRIPT
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
ThIS : a Geant4-basedTherapeutic Irradiation Simulator
Laurent Guigues
CREATIS, UMR CNRS 5220, INSERM U 630Villeurbanne, France
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Outline
Introduction Goal Architecture
ThIS modules Physics Geometry Sensors Beam
Conclusion
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Goal of the project Rationale :
Several radiotherapy studies involve MC simulations
Multidisciplinary research (physics, medicine, computer science...)
Computer science difficulties (C++) Share development
Goal : Monte-Carlo simulation platform for radiation
therapy studies Photon, Proton, Carbon Cooperative work Accuracy, speed, ease of use, flexibility,
openness ...
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Some technical choices
Geant4 Extensive and extensible physics C++
Associated with an image library : ThISiS (ThIS image suite) Managing 3D volumes :
CT images 3D dose maps
ITK-based http://www.itk.org(Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit) Command line only (no display)
Documentation wiki, CVS development (cooperative)
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
ThIS is easy ! High-level macro language (“à la
GATE”) : [Jan et al. 2004] “GATE: a simulation toolkit for
PET and SPECT” Phys. Med. Biol. 49 (2004) 4543-4561.
GATE : Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission Focused on PET, SPECT simulations
ThIS : Therapeutic Irradiation Simulator Focused on radiation therapy simulations
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
ThIS is easy !
Running a simulation :
ThIS MyBeautifulSimu.mac “/run/beamOn 100”
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
/this/physics/Gamma/SetCutInRegion world 10.0 mm/this/physics/Electron/SetCutInRegion waterBox 3.6 mm/this/physics/Positron/SetCutInRegion PMMACone 4.0 cm# A linac/this/scene/addVolume AcceleratorHead linac/this/scene/linac/parent world/this/scene/linac/position 0 0 100 cm/this/scene/linac/Target/Diameter 5.4 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Thickness 1 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Material Tungsten/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Diameter 200 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Height 101 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/BaseDiameter 62.9 mm
/this/scene/addSensor HitsAccumulatorsSensor mySensor/this/scene/mySensor/hitType post/this/scene/mySensor/attach waterBox/this/scene/mySensor/halfsize 7 15.0 7 cm/this/scene/mySensor/resolution 70 150 70/this/scene/mySensor/position 0.0 -15.0 0.0 cm/this/scene/mySensor/saveEveryNEvents 200/this/scene/mySensor/baseFilename output.hdr
/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/enable 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/uncertainty 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/squared 1
ThIS is easy !
Running a simulation :
ThIS MyBeautifulSimu.mac “/run/beamOn 100”
File of macrosFile of macros
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
/this/physics/Gamma/SetCutInRegion world 10.0 mm/this/physics/Electron/SetCutInRegion waterBox 3.6 mm/this/physics/Positron/SetCutInRegion PMMACone 4.0 cm# A linac/this/scene/addVolume AcceleratorHead linac/this/scene/linac/parent world/this/scene/linac/position 0 0 100 cm/this/scene/linac/Target/Diameter 5.4 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Thickness 1 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Material Tungsten/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Diameter 200 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Height 101 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/BaseDiameter 62.9 mm
/this/scene/addSensor HitsAccumulatorsSensor mySensor/this/scene/mySensor/hitType post/this/scene/mySensor/attach waterBox/this/scene/mySensor/halfsize 7 15.0 7 cm/this/scene/mySensor/resolution 70 150 70/this/scene/mySensor/position 0.0 -15.0 0.0 cm/this/scene/mySensor/saveEveryNEvents 200/this/scene/mySensor/baseFilename output.hdr
/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/enable 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/uncertainty 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/squared 1
ThIS is easy !
Running a simulation :
ThIS MyBeautifulSimu.mac “/run/beamOn 100”
File of macrosFile of macros
No C++ No compilation
No C++ No compilation
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Documentation
User's GuideUser's Guide
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Using cutsUsing cuts
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
ThIS' Architecture
Based on Geant4 classes
Extend functionality with ThIS classesintermediate level between Geant4 and the user
Provide user macros interaction
Geant4
Core
Classes
ThIS Core Classes
ThIS Macros
Developer
End User
script
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
ThIS' Architecture
ThIS is made up of 5 modules :
Simulation Manager : verbosity, display... Physics : particles, processes and models declaration Scene : description of the content of the world : volumes, materials (patient, beam line...) Beam : description of the particle beam : type of particles, energy spectrum, shape of the beam... Sensors : information that you wish to gather during the simulation(e.g. #of neutrons created in a given volume, spectrum of the gammas produced, energy deposited in some region...). Sensors are activated by Triggers.(similar to G4 Scorers and Filters) Volume 1 Sensor 1
TriggerPhysicsworld
Volume n Sensor m
……Beam
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Main modules
Main modules Physics Geometry (scene) Sensors & Triggers Beam
Run-time vs Compile-time
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Physics module
ThISPhysicsList :
Manage 2 main lists : List of groups of particles List of physical processes
Associate at run-time one group of particles with a process according to user's choices
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList :
Manage 2 main lists : List of groups of particles
Groups defined with a predicate
Can have n particules (including 1) List of physical processes
particle->GetParticleName() == “e-”
particle->GetPDGCharge() != 0.0
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList :
Manage 2 main lists : List of groups of particles List of physical processes
A “process” is composed of a name some “models” some parameters
Example : Compton
Standard = G4ComptonScattering LowEn = G4LowEnergyCompton Penelope = G4PenelopeCompton
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList :
Manage 2 main lists : List of groups of particles List of physical processes/this/physics/Gamma/PhotoElectric/lowE/this/physics/Gamma/Compton/lowE/this/physics/Gamma/GammaConversion/lowE/this/physics/Gamma/Rayleigh/lowE
/this/physics/Electron/MultipleScattering/standard/this/physics/Electron/eIonisation/lowE/this/physics/Electron/eBremsstrahlung/lowE
/this/physics/Positron/MultipleScattering/standard/this/physics/Positron/eIonisation/standard/this/physics/Positron/eBremsstrahlung/standard/this/physics/Positron/eplusAnnihilation/standard
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList :
Manage 2 main lists : List of groups of particles List of physical processes/this/physics/Gamma/PhotoElectric/lowE/this/physics/Gamma/Compton/penelope/this/physics/Gamma/GammaConversion/lowE/this/physics/Gamma/Rayleigh/lowE
/this/physics/Electron/MultipleScattering/standard/this/physics/Electron/eIonisation/lowE/this/physics/Electron/eBremsstrahlung/lowE
/this/physics/Positron/MultipleScattering/standard/this/physics/Positron/eIonisation/standard/this/physics/Positron/eBremsstrahlung/standard/this/physics/Positron/eplusAnnihilation/standard
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Some hadronic processes (elastic/inelastic) Not all G4 hadronic processes included (yet)
/this/physics/Proton/hadronElastic/standard/LElastic/this/physics/Proton/protonInelastic/standard/BinaryCascade/SetMinEnergy 170 MeV/this/physics/Proton/protonInelastic/standard/BinaryCascade/SetMaxEnergy 500 MeV/this/physics/Proton/protonInelastic/standard/PreCompoundModel/SetMinEnergy 0 MeV/this/physics/Proton/protonInelastic/standard/PreCompoundModel/SetMaxEnergy 170 MeV
/this/physics/GenericIon/genericIonInelastic/standard/BinaryLightIonReaction
/this/physics/Deuteron/hadronElastic/standard/LElastic/this/physics/Deuteron/hadronFission/standard/LFission
/this/physics/Deuteron/deuteronInelastic/standard/BinaryLightIonReaction/SetMinEnergy 80 MeV/this/physics/Deuteron/deuteronInelastic/standard/BinaryLightIonReaction/SetMaxEnergy 20 GeV/this/physics/Deuteron/deuteronInelastic/standard/LEDeuteronInelastic/SetMinEnergy 0 MeV/this/physics/Deuteron/deuteronInelastic/standard/LEDeuteronInelastic/SetMaxEnergy 1000 MeV
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Some hadronic processes (elastic/Inelastic) Not all G4 hadronic processes included (yet)
Simple mechanism to add processes from G4 (compile-time) to ThIS (run-time)
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Some hadronic processes (elastic/Inelastic) Not all G4 hadronic processes included (yet)
Simple mechanism to add processes from G4 (compile-time) to ThIS (run-time)
// C++ MacrosADD_DISCRETE_PROCESS(ThIS_PhotoElectricEffect_std_PB, PhotoElectric, standard, G4PhotoElectricEffect, ThISPhotonParticlesGroupBuilder);
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Some hadronic processes (elastic/Inelastic) Not all G4 hadronic processes included (yet)
Simple mechanism to add processes from G4 (compile-time) to ThIS (run-time)
// C++ MacrosADD_DISCRETE_PROCESS(ThIS_PhotoElectricEffect_std_PB, PhotoElectric, standard, G4PhotoElectricEffect, ThISPhotonParticlesGroupBuilder);
User macro nameUser macro nameGroup of particleGroup of particleStandard G4 process nameStandard G4 process name
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Some hadronic processes (elastic/Inelastic) Not all G4 hadronic processes included (yet)
Simple mechanism to add processes from G4 (compile-time) to ThIS (run-time)
// C++ MacrosADD_DISCRETE_PROCESS(ThIS_PhotoElectricEffect_std_PB, PhotoElectric, standard, G4PhotoElectricEffect, ThISPhotonParticlesGroupBuilder);
User macro nameUser macro nameGroup of particleGroup of particle
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Some hadronic processes (elastic/Inelastic) Not all G4 hadronic processes included (yet)
Simple mechanism to add processes from G4 (compile-time) to ThIS (run-time)
// C++ MacrosADD_DISCRETE_PROCESS(ThIS_PhotoElectricEffect_std_PB, PhotoElectric, standard, G4PhotoElectricEffect, ThISPhotonParticlesGroupBuilder);
User macro nameUser macro name
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Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Output user selected physics
/this/physics/particleGroupOutput particles-groups.txt/this/physics/particleOutput particles-list.txt/this/physics/processGroupOutput process-groups.txt/this/physics/processOutput process-list.txt/this/physics/particleProcessOutput particle-process.txt
Output available
particles/processes at compile-time
Output available
particles/processes at compile-time
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Output user selected physics
/this/physics/particleGroupOutput particles-groups.txt/this/physics/particleOutput particles-list.txt/this/physics/processGroupOutput process-groups.txt/this/physics/processOutput process-list.txt/this/physics/particleProcessOutput particle-process.txt
Output user enabled
particles/processes at run-time
Output user enabled
particles/processes at run-time
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Physics module
Gamma (1) : gamma Electron (1) : e- Positron (1) : e+ Neutron (1) : neutron GenericIon (1) : GenericIon Proton (1) : proton Ions (4) : He3 alpha deuteron triton Baryons (32) : anti_lambda anti_lambda_c+ anti_neutron ...Mesons (24) : B+ B- B0 Bs0 D+ D- D0 Ds+ Ds- J/psi anti_B0...Leptons (12) : anti_nu_e anti_nu_mu anti_nu_tau e+ e- mu+ ...Deuteron (1) : deuteron Triton (1) : triton Alpha (1) : alpha He3 (1) : He3 HadronElasticApplicable (28) : alpha anti_lambda anti_neutron...IonIonisationApplicable (5) : GenericIon He3 alpha deuteron ...ChargedAndNotShortLived (39) : B+ B- D+ D- Ds+ Ds- GenericIon ......
Example of some available
groups of particles
Example of some available
groups of particles
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Physics module
PhotoElectric-standard : gamma PhotoElectric-lowE : gamma PhotoElectric-penelope : gamma Compton-std : gamma Compton-lowE : gamma Compton-penelope : gammaRayleigh-lowE : gamma Rayleigh-penelope : gamma MultipleScattering-standard : B+ B- D+ D- Ds+ Ds- GenericIon He3 alpha ...eIonisation-standard : e+ e- eIonisation-lowE : e- eIonisation-penelope : e+ e- eBremsstrahlung-standard : e+ e- eBremsstrahlung-lowE : e- eBremsstrahlung-penelope : e+ e- eplusAnnihilation-standard : e+ eplusAnnihilation-penelope : e+ ionIonisation-standard : GenericIon He3 alpha deuteron triton hadronIonisation-standard : B+ B- D+ D- Ds+ Ds- GenericIon He3 alpha ...genericIonInelastic-standard : GenericIon neutronInelastic-standard : neutron deuteronInelastic-standard : deuteron tritonInelastic-standard : triton alphaInelastic-standard : alpha He3Inelastic-standard : He3 protonInelastic-standard : proton
Example of some available
processes
Example of some available
processes
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Physics module
GenericIon : MultipleScattering-standard ionIonisation-standard genericIonInelastic-standard(BinaryLightIonReaction[min=def,max=def])
deuteron : MultipleScattering-standard ionIonisation-standard hadronElastic-standard(LElastic[min=def,max=def]) hadronFission-standard(LFission[min=def,max=def]) deuteronInelastic-standard(BinaryLightIonReaction[min=80,max=20000]LEDeuteronInelastic[min=0,max=1000])
e+ : MultipleScattering-standard eIonisation-standard eBremsstrahlung-standard eplusAnnihilation-standard
e- : MultipleScattering-standard eIonisation-lowE eBremsstrahlung-lowE
gamma : PhotoElectric-lowE Compton-lowE GammaConversion-lowE Rayleigh-lowE
neutron : hadronElastic-standard(LEpp[min=def,max=def]) hadronNeutronCapture-standard(LCapture[min=def,max=def]) hadronFission-standard(LFission[min=def,max=def]NeutronHPFission[min=def,max=def])
proton : MultipleScattering-standard hadronIonisation-ziegler2000 hadronElastic-standard(LElastic[min=def,max=def]) protonInelastic-standard(BinaryCascade[min=170,max=500]PreCompoundModel[min=0,max=170])
Example of some user
selected processes
Example of some user
selected processes
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Physics module
ThISPhysicsList : Still several G4 processes to be added But the main mechanisms exist Collaborative work based on user interest
principle : If you need it : add it So : everyone can use it
Drawback : No checking of the physics list validity (except
IsApplicable from G4)
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Cuts
Setting cuts in ThIS Production cuts MaxStepLimiter “cuts” Killing cuts
/this/physics/Gamma/SetCutInRegion world 10.0 mm/this/physics/Electron/SetCutInRegion waterBox 3.6 mm/this/physics/Positron/SetCutInRegion PMMACone 4.0 cm
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Cuts
Setting cuts in ThIS Production cuts MaxStepLimiter “cuts” Killing cuts
/this/physics/Gamma/SetCutInRegion world 10.0 mm/this/physics/Electron/SetCutInRegion waterBox 3.6 mm/this/physics/Positron/SetCutInRegion PMMACone 4.0 cm
Previously user
defined volumes
Previously user
defined volumes
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Cuts
Setting cuts in ThIS Production cuts MaxStepLimiter “cuts” Killing cuts
/this/physics/UserLimits/SetMaxAllowedStep world 2 mm/this/physics/UserLimits/SetMaxAllowedStep waterBox 1 mm/this/physics/Electron/StepLimiter/standard/this/physics/Gamma/StepLimiter/standard
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Cuts
Setting cuts in ThIS Production cuts MaxStepLimiter “cuts” Killing cuts
/this/physics/UserLimits/SetMaxAllowedStep world 2 mm/this/physics/UserLimits/SetMaxAllowedStep waterBox 1 mm/this/physics/Electron/StepLimiter/standard/this/physics/Gamma/StepLimiter/standard
MaxStep limiter for each
region, for each particle
MaxStep limiter for each
region, for each particle
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Cuts
Setting cuts in ThIS Production cuts MaxStepLimiter “cuts” Killing cuts
/this/physics/UserLimits/SetUserMinRange waterBox 0.1 mm/this/physics/UserLimits/SetUserMinRange world 1 mm/this/physics/UserLimits/SetUserMinEkine waterBox 10 keV/this/physics/UserLimits/SetUserMinEkine world 100 keV/this/physics/Electron/UserSpecialCuts/standard
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Cuts
Setting cuts in ThIS Production cuts MaxStepLimiter “cuts” Killing cuts
/this/physics/UserLimits/SetUserMinRange waterBox 0.1 mm/this/physics/UserLimits/SetUserMinRange world 1 mm/this/physics/UserLimits/SetUserMinEkine waterBox 10 keV/this/physics/UserLimits/SetUserMinEkine world 100 keV/this/physics/Electron/UserSpecialCuts/standard
“Kill” particle according to
range/energy threshold
“Kill” particle according to
range/energy threshold
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Main modules
Main modules Physics Geometry (scene) Sensors & Triggers Beam
Run-time vs Compile-time
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Main modules
Main modules Physics Geometry (scene) Sensors & Triggers Beam
Run-time vs Compile-time
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#=================================================# World volume/this/scene/addVolume Box world/this/scene/world/halfsize 2 2 2 m/this/scene/world/material_name Air
#=================================================# A water box/this/scene/addVolume Box waterBox/this/scene/waterBox/parent world/this/scene/waterBox/position 0.0 0.0 0.0 cm/this/scene/waterBox/halfsize 15.0 15.0 15.0 cm/this/scene/waterBox/material_name Water
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Dynamic (run-time) scene description Add volumes Set properties (position, material ...)
Volume typeVolume type
Volume nameVolume name
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Some G4 simple shapes (Box, Cone ...)
#=================================================# A PMMA cone/this/scene/addVolume Cone PMMACone/this/scene/PMMACone/parent world/this/scene/PMMACone/position 5.0 -3.0 40.0 cm/this/scene/PMMACone/rmin1 0 cm/this/scene/PMMACone/rmax1 3.7 cm/this/scene/PMMACone/rmin2 0 cm/this/scene/PMMACone/rmax2 0 cm/this/scene/PMMACone/dz 78 mm/this/scene/PMMACone/sphi 0 deg/this/scene/PMMACone/dphi 22 deg/this/scene/PMMACone/material_name PMMA
Volume typeVolume type
Volume nameVolume name
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Some G4 simple shapes (Box, Cone ...) Complex user defined shapes (in progress)
#=================================================# An linac/this/scene/addVolume AcceleratorHead linac/this/scene/linac/parent world/this/scene/linac/position 0 0 100 cm/this/scene/linac/Target/Diameter 5.4 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Thickness 1 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Material Tungsten/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Diameter 200 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Height 101 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/BaseDiameter 62.9 mm/this/scene/linac/FlatteningFilter/ConeDiameter 54.4 mm...
Volume typeVolume type Volume nameVolume name
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Some G4 simple shapes (Box, Cone ...) Complex user defined shapes (in progress)
#=================================================# An linac/this/scene/addVolume AcceleratorHead linac/this/scene/linac/parent world/this/scene/linac/position 0 0 100 cm/this/scene/linac/Target/Diameter 5.4 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Thickness 1 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Material Tungsten/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Diameter 200 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Height 101 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/BaseDiameter 62.9 mm/this/scene/linac/FlatteningFilter/ConeDiameter 54.4 mm...
Volume typeVolume type Volume nameVolume name
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Some G4 simple shapes (Box, Cone ...) Complex user defined shapes (in progress)
#=================================================# An linac/this/scene/addVolume AcceleratorHead linac/this/scene/linac/parent world/this/scene/linac/position 0 0 100 cm/this/scene/linac/Target/Diameter 5.4 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Thickness 1 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Material Tungsten/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Diameter 200 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Height 101 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/BaseDiameter 62.9 mm/this/scene/linac/FlatteningFilter/ConeDiameter 54.4 mm...
Volume typeVolume type Volume nameVolume name
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Some G4 simple shapes (Box, Cone ...) Complex user defined shapes (in progress)
#=================================================# An linac/this/scene/addVolume AcceleratorHead linac/this/scene/linac/parent world/this/scene/linac/position 0 0 100 cm/this/scene/linac/Target/Diameter 5.4 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Thickness 1 mm/this/scene/linac/Target/Material Tungsten/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Diameter 200 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/Height 101 mm/this/scene/linac/PrimaryCollimator/BaseDiameter 62.9 mm/this/scene/linac/FlatteningFilter/ConeDiameter 54.4 mm...
Volume typeVolume type Volume nameVolume name
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Some G4 simple shapes (Box, Cone ...) Complex user defined shapes (in progress) Simple mechanism to add volumes from G4
(compile-time) to ThIS (run-time) Collaborative work based on user’s interest
principle : If you need it : add it So : everyone can use it
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Scene module
/this/scene/object/this/scene/object/parent
/this/scene/addVolume/this/scene/object/material
/this/scene/object/position/this/scene/object/rotation
/this/scene/object/halfsize
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Scene module
class ThISBoxVolume : public ThISVolume{
public:ThISBoxVolume(ThISDetectorConstruction* dc, G4String path, G4String name);~ThISBoxVolume();
THISMACRO_INIT_VOLUME_CREATOR(ThISBoxVolume);
virtual G4String GetTypeName() { return "Box";}virtual void ConstructSolid();
void SetHalfSize(G4ThreeVector v) { mHalfSize = v; }G4ThreeVector GetHalfSize() const { return mHalfSize; }
void PrintInfo();protected:
ThISBoxVolumeMessenger * pMessenger;G4ThreeVector mHalfSize;
ThISBoxVolume(); };
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Scene module
//============================================================ThISBoxVolume::ThISBoxVolume ( ThISDetectorConstruction* dc, G4String path, G4String name )
: ThISVolume(dc,path,name) {
mHalfSize = G4ThreeVector(0.5*m, 0.5*m, 0.5*m);pMessenger = new ThISBoxVolumeMessenger(this);
}//============================================================ThISBoxVolume::ThISBoxVolume()
: pMessenger(0){}//============================================================ThISBoxVolume::~ThISBoxVolume() {
if (pMessenger) delete pMessenger;}//============================================================void ThISBoxVolume::ConstructSolid(){
G4String solidName = GetInstanceName()+"_solid";SetSolid ( new G4Box (solidName, mHalfSize.x(), mHalfSize.y(), mHalfSize.z()) );
}//============================================================void ThISBoxVolume::PrintInfo(){
ThISVolume::PrintInfo();std::cout << "\t HalfSize = " << G4BestUnit(GetHalfSize(),"Length") << std::endl;
}//============================================================
From ThISNamedObjectFrom ThISNamedObject
From ThISVolumeFrom ThISVolume
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Scene module
class ThISBoxVolumeMessenger: public ThISVolumeMessenger{
public:ThISBoxVolumeMessenger ( ThISBoxVolume* box );~ThISBoxVolumeMessenger();void SetNewValue ( G4UIcommand*, G4String );
protected:ThISBoxVolume * boxVolume;G4UIcmdWith3VectorAndUnit * halfsizeCmd;
};//===============================================================ThISBoxVolumeMessenger::ThISBoxVolumeMessenger ( ThISBoxVolume* box )
: ThISVolumeMessenger(box), boxVolume(box){
G4String name = boxVolume->GetInstanceName();G4String path = boxVolume->GetPath();
G4String n = path+"/halfsize";halfsizeCmd = new G4UIcmdWith3VectorAndUnit(n, this); halfsizeCmd->SetGuidance(G4String("Set "+name+"’s size"));halfsizeCmd->SetDefaultUnit("cm");
}//===============================================================void ThISBoxVolumeMessenger::SetNewValue ( G4UIcommand* command, G4String newValue ){
if ( command == halfsizeCmd )boxVolume->SetHalfSize(halfsizeCmd->GetNew3VectorValue(newValue));
else ThISVolumeMessenger::SetNewValue(command,newValue);
}
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Some G4 simple shapes (Box, Cone ...) Complex user defined shapes (in progress) Simple mechanism to add volumes from G4
(compile-time) to ThIS (run-time) Collaborative work based on user’s interest
principle : If you need it : add it So : everyone can use it
Materials : Re-use the Material Database mechanism from
Gate (enhanced to allow multiple Dbs)
/this/scene/materialDatabase StandardMaterials.db/this/scene/materialDatabase PhantomMaterials.db
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Easy to add elements/materials
[Elements]
Hydrogen: S= H ; Z= 1. ; A= 1.01 g/moleHelium: S= He ; Z= 2. ; A= 4.003 g/moleCarbon: S= C ; Z= 6. ; A= 12.01 g/moleNitrogen: S= N ; Z= 7. ; A= 14.01 g/mole
[Materials]
PMMA: d=1.195 g/cm3; n=3 ; state=Solid +el: name=Hydrogen ; f=0.080541 +el: name=Carbon ; f=0.599846 +el: name=Sulfur; f=0.319613
Gadox: d=7.23 g/cm3; n=4 ; state=Solid +el: name=Gadolinium ; f=0.736 +el: name=Sulfur ; f=0.149 +el: name=Oxygen; f=0.112
+el: name=Terbium; f=0.003
GateMaterials.dbGateMaterials.db
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
ThISDetectorConstructor : Insert CT image in simulation
CT slices
Geant4 /
ThIS
Geant4 /
ThIS
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Scene module
Insert images in simulation
1. Transform CT image into composition image
1. Calibrate Scanner using phantom [schneider et al. 2000]
2. Transform CT image : => image of labels + label to material table
=> Provided in ThISiS
1. Insert label image in G4 simulation
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
Insert images in simulation
1 G4Box per voxel !! High memory cost : not feasible in real-world cases
ParametrisedVolume / NestedParametrisedVolume
Low memory cost, G4 state-of-the-art, Time consuming
Two ways to reduce time1) Reduce image complexity2) Change G4 navigation algorithm
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity2) Change G4 navigation algorithm
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Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity
Voxels
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Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity
Merge adjacent voxels having similar materials :Image Segmentation problem
Voxels
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity
Merge adjacent voxels having similar materials :Image Segmentation problem
a) Isothetic Volume : Segment image in parallelepipeds (G4Box) Special case : Octree segmentation [Hubert-
Tremblay et al. 2006]
Isothetic OctreeVoxels
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity
Merge adjacent voxels having similar materials :Image Segmentation problem
a) Isothetic Volume : Segment image in parallelepipeds (G4Box) Special case : Octree segmentation [Hubert-
Tremblay et al. 2006]b) Regionalised Volume : arbitrary shape
[Sarrut and Guigues subm.]
Isothetic OctreeVoxels Regions
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity
Merge adjacent voxels having similar materials :Image Segmentation problem
Segmentation methods available in ThISiS
Isothetic OctreeVoxels Regions
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity
Available image representations in ThIS :- ImageBoxes (multiple G4Box)- ImageParameterised (G4VParameterisedVolume) - ImageNestedParameterised
(G4VNestedParam...Volume)- ImageIsothetic- ImageRegionalised
Isothetic OctreeVoxels Regions
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Scene module
Insert images in simulation Image volumes
Label image (Analyze, raw formats ...) Label to material information
/this/scene/addVolume ImageBoxes patient/this/scene/patient/parent world/this/scene/patient/image lung.hdr/this/scene/patient/materials lung.lab2mat
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Scene module
Insert images in simulation Image volumes
Label image (Analyze, raw formats ...) Label to material information
/this/scene/addVolume ImageBoxes patient/this/scene/patient/parent world/this/scene/patient/image lung.hdr/this/scene/patient/materials lung.lab2mat
Volume typeVolume type
Volume nameVolume name
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Geant4@Paris 08/06/2007 http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/rio/ThIS/
Scene module
Insert images in simulation Image volumes
Label image (Analyze, raw formats ...) Label to material information
/this/scene/addVolume ImageBoxes patient/this/scene/patient/parent world/this/scene/patient/image lung.hdr/this/scene/patient/materials lung.lab2mat
Volume typeVolume type
Volume nameVolume name
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Scene module
Insert images in simulation Image volumes
Label image (Analyze, raw formats ...) Label to material information
/this/scene/addVolume ImageBoxes patient/this/scene/patient/parent world/this/scene/patient/image lung.hdr/this/scene/patient/materials lung.lab2mat
Volume typeVolume type
Volume nameVolume name
0 Air1 Lung2 SoftTissue...8 ConnectiveTissue9 Bone_110 Bone_2...
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Scene module
Results
Octree
Arbitrary regions
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Scene module
Results
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Scene module
Results
Speed up
(time NPV
/ time RV)
Dose difference RV-NPV (%)
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Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity2) Change G4 navigation algorithm
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Scene module
Insert images in simulation1) Reduce image complexity2) Change G4 navigation algorithm
[Jiang & Paganetti 2004] : in progress
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Scene module
Image volumes : Tradeoff :
Accuracy / Speed Large number of regions :
small compression, slow simulation good accuracy
Small number of regions : good compression, fast simulation low accuracy
Still a lot to of work to be done
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Scene module ThISDetectorConstructor :
Done : main mechanism simple base shapes / complex volumes
To do : Boolean operations Add other shapes
Image volumes Associated image preparation tools (ThISiS)
Calibration Segmentation
Optimized volumes ImageIsothetic (octree segmented images) ImageRegionalised (segmented images)
Optimized navigator : in progress
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Main modules
Main modules Physics Geometry (scene) Sensors & Triggers Beam
Run-time vs Compile-time
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Main modules
Main modules Physics Geometry (scene) Sensors & Triggers Beam
Run-time vs Compile-time
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Sensor module
ThISSensor
ThIS DOES NOT use the G4SensitiveDetector mechanism
Sensor = measure/display Something : dose deposit (uncertainty),
number of B+ emitters ... Somewhere : globally, in a volume, surface ... Sometimes : at the end of the simulation, at
each track, at each steps, every n events ...
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Sensors module
Triggers All sensors can be associated with a trigger :
Including, excluding particle from a measurement Sorting on energy ...
/this/scene/addTrigger ParticleName T2/this/scene/T2/include all/this/scene/T2/exclude e-/this/scene/T2/exclude gamma/this/scene/T2/exclude proton
/this/scene/addTrigger ParticleEnergy T3/this/scene/T3/energyMin 100 keV/this/scene/T3/energyMax 10 TeV
/this/scene/addTrigger And T4/this/scene/T4/add T2/this/scene/T4/add T3
/this/scene/ANYSENSOR/trigger T4
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Sensors module
Triggers All sensors can be associated with a trigger :
Including, excluding particle from a measurement Sorting on energy ...
/this/scene/addTrigger ParticleName T2/this/scene/T2/include all/this/scene/T2/exclude e-/this/scene/T2/exclude gamma/this/scene/T2/exclude proton
/this/scene/addTrigger ParticleEnergy T3/this/scene/T3/energyMin 100 keV/this/scene/T3/energyMax 10 TeV
/this/scene/addTrigger And T4/this/scene/T4/add T2/this/scene/T4/add T3
/this/scene/ANYSENSOR/trigger T4
All particles
except e-,
gamma, proton
All particles
except e-,
gamma, proton
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Sensors module
Triggers All sensors can be associated with a trigger :
Including, excluding particle from a measurement Sorting on energy ...
/this/scene/addTrigger ParticleName T2/this/scene/T2/include all/this/scene/T2/exclude e-/this/scene/T2/exclude gamma/this/scene/T2/exclude proton
/this/scene/addTrigger ParticleEnergy T3/this/scene/T3/energyMin 100 keV/this/scene/T3/energyMax 10 TeV
/this/scene/addTrigger And T4/this/scene/T4/add T2/this/scene/T4/add T3
/this/scene/ANYSENSOR/trigger T4
With energy
in this range
With energy
in this range
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Sensors module
ThISSensor
Two examples of sensors :
Particles counter Dose sensor (energy deposited + uncertainty)
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Sensors module
ThISParticleCounter
/this/scene/addSensor ParticleCounter MyCounter/this/scene/MyCounter/track pre/this/scene/MyCounter/attach waterBox/this/scene/MyCounter/verbose/event 1
Sensor typeSensor type
Sensor nameSensor name
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Sensors module
> ThIS MySimu.mac “/run/beamOn 5”R1 ****************** Begin of run 1 ********************B1 ======= Generating particle 1=======B2 _ (1) C12[0.0] pos.=(-1.19545,201.124,0) energy=2640 dir.=(0,-1,0)T0 C12 1 0 2.64 GeV 0 fmT0 C12 1 0 0 eV 15.1 cmT0 e- 1022 1 87.9 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e- 1021 1 0 eV 390.6 mum ionIoniT0 e- 1020 1 93.3 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e- 1020 1 0 eV 393.3 mum ionIoniT0 e- 1019 1 96.3 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e+ 921 919 11.3 MeV 0 fm LowEnConversionT0 e+ 921 919 0 eV 4.4 cm LowEnConversionT0 e- 1016 1 0 eV 2.2 mm ionIoniT0 e- 768 1 0 eV 949.4 mum ionIoniT0 gamma 1023 768 3.2 keV 0 fm LowEnBremT0 gamma 1023 768 0 eV 9.2 mum LowEnBremT0 e- 1024 1023 2.6 keV 0 fm LowEnPhotoElecT0 e- 1024 1023 0 eV 1.4 mm LowEnPhotoElecT0 e- 767 1 136.3keV 0 fm ionIoni
Output Kinetic energyKinetic energy
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Sensors module
> ThIS MySimu.mac “/run/beamOn 5”R1 ****************** Begin of run 1 ********************B1 ======= Generating particle 1=======B2 _ (1) C12[0.0] pos.=(-1.19545,201.124,0) energy=2640 dir.=(0,-1,0)T0 C12 1 0 2.64 GeV 0 fmT0 C12 1 0 0 eV 15.1 cmT0 e- 1022 1 87.9 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e- 1021 1 0 eV 390.6 mum ionIoniT0 e- 1020 1 93.3 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e- 1020 1 0 eV 393.3 mum ionIoniT0 e- 1019 1 96.3 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e+ 921 919 11.3 MeV 0 fm LowEnConversionT0 e+ 921 919 0 eV 4.4 cm LowEnConversionT0 e- 1016 1 0 eV 2.2 mm ionIoniT0 e- 768 1 0 eV 949.4 mum ionIoniT0 gamma 1023 768 3.2 keV 0 fm LowEnBremT0 gamma 1023 768 0 eV 9.2 mum LowEnBremT0 e- 1024 1023 2.6 keV 0 fm LowEnPhotoElecT0 e- 1024 1023 0 eV 1.4 mm LowEnPhotoElecT0 e- 767 1 136.3keV 0 fm ionIoni
Output Track lengthTrack length
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Sensors module
> ThIS MySimu.mac “/run/beamOn 5”R1 ****************** Begin of run 1 ********************B1 ======= Generating particle 1=======B2 _ (1) C12[0.0] pos.=(-1.19545,201.124,0) energy=2640 dir.=(0,-1,0)T0 C12 1 0 2.64 GeV 0 fmT0 C12 1 0 0 eV 15.1 cmT0 e- 1022 1 87.9 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e- 1021 1 0 eV 390.6 mum ionIoniT0 e- 1020 1 93.3 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e- 1020 1 0 eV 393.3 mum ionIoniT0 e- 1019 1 96.3 keV 0 fm ionIoniT0 e+ 921 919 11.3 MeV 0 fm LowEnConversionT0 e+ 921 919 0 eV 4.4 cm LowEnConversionT0 e- 1016 1 0 eV 2.2 mm ionIoniT0 e- 768 1 0 eV 949.4 mum ionIoniT0 gamma 1023 768 3.2 keV 0 fm LowEnBremT0 gamma 1023 768 0 eV 9.2 mum LowEnBremT0 e- 1024 1023 2.6 keV 0 fm LowEnPhotoElecT0 e- 1024 1023 0 eV 1.4 mm LowEnPhotoElecT0 e- 767 1 136.3keV 0 fm ionIoni
Output Creator processCreator process
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ExampleB10 220
B11 647
B12 8
B13 15
B14 1
B15 1
B5 1
B9 28
C10 112
C11 780
C12 11663
C13 444
C14 296
C15 8
C16 5
C6 1
C9 5
N11 3
N12 3
N13 71
N14 407
N15 782
N16 37
N17 1
proton 205703
neutron 53128
H2 5
H3 2
H4 9
deuteron 1320
triton 265
He2 5
He3 291
He4 2
He5 17
He6 24
He8 3
alpha 5810
Li3 1
Li4 16
Li5 34
Li6 66
Li7 137
Li9 6
Be10 152
Be11 1
Be12 2
Be4 1
Be5 1
Be6 24
Be7 108
Be8 1195
Be9 65
O13 12
O14 111
O15 523
O16 3218
O17 141
O18 11
F15 9
F16 17
F17 7
F19 1
Ne16 1
Ne18 3
Ne20 9
Ne21 1
Ne22 1
e- 935202
gamma 63306
e+ 1321
anti_nu_e 24
pi0 1
Production for 10 000 C12
(220 MeV/u), in water
(Nuclear reaction : 39 %)
Production for 10 000 C12
(220 MeV/u), in water
(Nuclear reaction : 39 %)
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Sensors module
Dose / Edep measurement sensor Define a 3D matrix Store information (edep, dose ...) and
associated uncertainty Allow to dump in files every n events Several accumulation types
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Sensors module
Dose / Edep measurement
/this/scene/addSensor HitsAccumulatorsSensor mySensor/this/scene/mySensor/hitType post/this/scene/mySensor/attach waterBox/this/scene/mySensor/halfsize 7 15.0 7 cm/this/scene/mySensor/resolution 70 150 70/this/scene/mySensor/position 0.0 -15.0 0.0 cm/this/scene/mySensor/saveEveryNEvents 200/this/scene/mySensor/baseFilename output.hdr
/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/enable 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/uncertainty 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/squared 1
Type / NameType / Name
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Sensors module
Dose / Edep measurement
/this/scene/addSensor HitsAccumulatorsSensor mySensor/this/scene/mySensor/hitType post/this/scene/mySensor/attach waterBox/this/scene/mySensor/halfsize 7 15.0 7 cm/this/scene/mySensor/resolution 70 150 70/this/scene/mySensor/position 0.0 -15.0 0.0 cm/this/scene/mySensor/saveEveryNEvents 200/this/scene/mySensor/baseFilename output.hdr
/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/enable 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/uncertainty 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/squared 1
Accumulation typeAccumulation type
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Sensors module
Dose / Edep measurement
/this/scene/addSensor HitsAccumulatorsSensor mySensor/this/scene/mySensor/hitType post/this/scene/mySensor/attach waterBox/this/scene/mySensor/halfsize 7 15.0 7 cm/this/scene/mySensor/resolution 70 150 70/this/scene/mySensor/position 0.0 -15.0 0.0 cm/this/scene/mySensor/saveEveryNEvents 200/this/scene/mySensor/baseFilename output.hdr
/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/enable 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/uncertainty 1/this/scene/mySensor/Edep/squared 1
Size, resolution, positionSize, resolution, position
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Carbon depth dose (Bragg peak)
Example
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Sensors module
Like for the physics and geometry modules, new Sensors and Triggers are very easily created
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Conclusion
ThIS is a Geant4-based Therapeutic Irradiation Simulator :
Make G4 features available at run-time Designed to be easily extensible Easy to use : no C++, easy scripting Ideal for prototyping, testing, running large
numbers of simulations with different parameters...
Optimised for image-based simulations
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Conclusion
ANR grant funding : “SimCa2 : Simulation for Cancer therapy by
Carbon beams” Full time computer science engineer for ThIS
Collaborations Geant4 France group (Sébastien Incerti) OpenGate collaboration (Irène Buvat, ...)
Share common developments
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Future Work
Intensive validation ! Optimized navigation in images Cluster / grid version : in progress Repository of beam lines ...
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Openness
ThIS is an Open Source project Cooperative spirit :
CVS repository Wiki documentation Repository of Beam Lines ? Share experiences ?
Try It !If you are interested, contact us
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Thank you for your attention
Any question ?