1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. probably caused by permafrost...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1. fluidized ejecta -
• liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits.
![Page 2: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2. gas exchange experiment -
• test for life using nutrient broth added to soil sample then looking for gases produced by metabolic activity.
![Page 3: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3. labeled release experiment -
• add compounds containing radioactive carbon to the soil, then seeing if organisms had eaten or breathed the carbon
![Page 4: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4. outflow channel
• paths of huge catastrophic flooding
![Page 5: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5. permafrost -
• water ice, just under surface of planet
![Page 6: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6. pyrolitic release experiment -
• radioactive carbon dioxide added to soil and atmosphere, then carbon dioxide is removed , and soil is tested to see if any gas had been absorbed
![Page 7: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7. residual cap -
• smaller polar cap which remans permanently frozen
![Page 8: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8. runoff channel
• extensive systems of channels which resemble rivers on Earth
![Page 9: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9. seasonal cap polar
• cap which grows and shrinks each Martian year
![Page 10: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10. tectonic fracture -
• crack caused by crustal forces pushing surface upward
![Page 11: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1. Why are there no transits of the Sun by Mars?• Mars can never come between the Sun
and the Earth
![Page 12: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2. Why is Mars so much dimmer than Venus as seen from the Earth?• 1. Mars is more than twice as far from the
Sun; therefore, less sunlight.
• 2. Surface area only 30% that of Venus.
• 3. Albedo is only 0.15 (Venus’ is 0.7).
![Page 13: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3. Why does Mars have seasons like Earth?• Mars is tilted on its axis about the same
angle as Earth.
![Page 14: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
4. What compound makes up most of Mars’ atmosphere?
• Carbon dioxide
• CO2
![Page 15: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
5. Compare the northern and southern hemispheres.• Northern hemisphere is largely volcanic
plains.
• Southern hemisphere is heavily cratered highlands several kilometers above the lowland north.
![Page 16: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
6. Why is the Tharsis bulge believed to be younger than the volcanic plains?• It is even less heavily cratered than the
northern hemisphere.
![Page 17: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7. Why is Olympus Mons unique among all the volcanoes in the solar system?• It is the largest known volcano in the solar
system.
![Page 18: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
8. What is a ‘splosh’ crater?
• A crater where the ejecta appears to have been liquid when expelled.
![Page 19: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
9. How does the size of the Mariner Valley compare to the Grand Canyon?• The Grand Canyon could fit into one of
the side ‘tributary’ cracks.
![Page 20: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
10. The southern polar cap is larger than the northern polar cap. What does this have to do with the eccentricity of Mars’orbit?
• During southern winter, Mars is considerably farther from the Sun than in northern winter. Therefore, the southern winter season is longer and colder, and the polar cap grows larger.
![Page 21: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
11. Why does Mars appear red?• The iron in the soil combines with the
oxygen in the atmosphere to form iron oxide (rust).
![Page 22: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
12. What are the names of Mars’ two moons?
• Phobos and Deimos
![Page 23: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
13. Where did Mars’ moons probably originate?• Their composition is very different from the
planet itself, so they are probably captured asteroids.
![Page 24: 1. fluidized ejecta - liquid material expelled from meteor crater. Probably caused by permafrost melting when meteor hits](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f305503460f94c4b680/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
14. Why were Martian volcanos able to grow so large?• The lesser gravity of Mars (only 40% of
Earth) allowed the mountains to grow higher because they weighed less.