1 exam prep building code requirements for structural ... · 1 exam prep – building code...
TRANSCRIPT
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 1
1 Exam Prep
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
(ACI 318-11) and Commentary
Tabs and Highlights
These 1 Exam Prep Tabs are based on the Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and
Commentary.
Each Tabs sheet has five rows of tabs. Start with the first tab at the first row at the top of the page; proceed down
that row placing the tabs at the locations listed below. Place each tab in your book setting it down one notch until
you get to the last tab (usually the index or glossary). Then start with the highlights.
1 Exam Prep Tab Page#
General Requirements 9
Code Notations 19
Definitions 28
Materials 43
Durability Requirements 57
Concrete Quality, Mixing, and Placing 65
Formwork, Embedments, and 83
Construction Joints
Details of Reinforcement 87
Analysis and Design 89
Strength and Serviceability Requirements 107
Flexure and Axial Loads 119
Shear and Torsion 135
Development and Splices 161
Two-Way Slab System 239
Walls 259
Footings 267
Precast Concrete 275
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 2
1 Exam Prep Tab Page#
Composite Concrete Flexural Members 283
Prestressed Concrete 287
Shells and Folded Plate Members 315
Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures 323
Earthquake-Resistance 329
Structural Plain Concrete 369
Strut-and-Tie Models 387
Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Flexural 403
& Compression Members
Load & Strength Reduction Factors 411
Anchoring to Concrete 417
Steel Reinforcement 467
Metric vs. U.S. Customary Units 469
Index 497
This concludes the tabs for this document. Please continue with the highlights on the following page.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 3
Page# Section Highlight
9 1.1 Scope: This standard includes in one document the rules for all concrete used for
structural purposes including both plain and reinforced concrete.
12 R1.1.8 Concrete on steel deck: In steel framed structures, it is common practice …
serve an additional structural function.
14 1.2 Contract Documents
1.2.1 Contract documents for all structural concrete construction … These contract
documents shall show: (a) - (n).
15 R1.3 Inspection
16 1.3.2 The inspector shall require compliance with the design drawings … inspection
records shall include: (a) – (h).
1.3.3 When the ambient temperature falls below 40 F … concrete during placement and
curing.
1.34 Records of inspection required in 1.3.2 and 1.3.3 shall be preserved … 2 years
after the completion of the project.
R1.34 Records of inspection should be preserved for at least 2 years after the completion
of the project … when a certificate of occupancy is issued, which ever date is
later.
19 2.1 Code notation
29-41 2.2 Definitions
- Admixture
- Column
- Contraction joint
- Embedment length
- Isolation joint
- Pedestal
- Plain concrete
- Post-tensioning
- Precast concrete
- Prestressed concrete
- Pretensioning
- Reinforced concrete
- Reshores
- Sheathing
- Shores
- Stirrup
- Structural concrete
- Structural truss
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 4
Page# Section Highlight
- Structural wall
- Tendon
- Tie
44 3.3 Aggregates
3.3.2 Normal maximum size of coarse aggregate shall be no larger than: (a) – (c).
R3.4 Water
R.3.4.1 Almost any natural water that is drinkable (potable) … satisfactory as mixing
water for concrete.
45 3.5 Steel reinforcement
50 3.6 Admixtures
3.6.4 Calcium chloride or admixtures containing chloride from sources other than
impurities … concrete cast against stay-in-place galvanized steel forms.
R3.6.4 Concentrations of chloride ion may produce corrosion of embedded aluminum …
concrete is in a humid environment.
57 4.2 Exposure categories and classes
58 4.2.1 The Code addresses four exposure categories that affect the requirements for
concrete to ensure adequate durability:
- Exposure Category F
- Exposure Category S
- Exposure Category P
- Exposure Category C
Severity of exposure within each category is defined by classes … effect or does
not apply to the structural member.
59 R4.3 Requirements for concrete mixtures
R4.3.1 Table 4.3.1 gives the requirements for concrete on the basis of the assigned
exposure classes … the most restrictive requirements are applicable.
62 4.4 Additional requirements for freezing-and-thawing exposure
63 4.5 Alternative cementitious materials for sulfate exposure
65 5.1 General
5.1.1 It is emphasized that the average compressive strength of concrete … used in the
structural design calculations.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 5
Page# Section Highlight
66 5.2 Selection of concrete proportions
R5.3 Proportioning on the basis of field experience or trial mixtures, or both: In
selecting a suitable concrete mixture there are three basic steps. The first … by a
suitable experience record.
65 Fig. R5.3 – Flow chart for selection and documentation of concrete proportions
69 5.3.2 Required average strength
5.3.2.1 Required average compressive strength … calculated in accordance with 5.3.1.2
or 5.3.1.2.
Table 5.3.2.1 – Required average strength when data are available to establish a
standard deviation
70 5.3.3.2 When an acceptable record o field test results are not available … the following
requirements shall be permitted: (a) – (e).
72 5.6 Evaluation and acceptance of concrete
5.6.1 Qualified field testing technicians shall perform tests on fresh concrete at the job
site … and record the temperature of the fresh concrete when preparing specimens
for strength tests.
R5.6.2 Frequency of Testing
R5.6.2.1 The following there criteria establish the required minimum sampling frequency
for each class of concrete: (a) – (c).
73 5.6.2.2 On a given project, if the total volume … batch id fewer than five batches are
used.
5.6.2.3 When total quantity of given class of concrete is less than 50 … approved by the
building official.
5.6.2.4 A strength test shall be the average of the strengths … 28 days or at test age
designated for determination of 𝑓′𝑐.
77 5.6.6.2 Steel –reinforced concrete shall be considered acceptable … are satisfied:
(a) – (c).
5.7 Preparation of equipment and place of deposit
5.7.1 Preparation before concrete placement shall include the following: (a) – (g).
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 6
Page# Section Highlight
78 5.8 Mixing
5.8.3 Job-mixed concrete shall be mixed in accordance with (a) – (e): (a) – (e).
R5.9 Conveying: The code requires the equipment for handling and transporting
concrete … under all conditions and for all methods of placement.
79 5.10 Depositing
5.10.1 Concrete shall be deposited … due to rehandling or flowing.
5.10.2 Concreting shall be carried on at such a rate … into spaces between
reinforcement.
5.10.4 Retempered concrete or concrete that has been remixed … approved by the
licensed design professional.
5.11 Curing
5.11.1 Concrete (other than high-early strength) … except when cured in accordance
with 5.11.3.
5.11.2 High-early strength concrete shall be maintained … except when first cured in
accordance with 5.11.3.
80 5.11.3 Accelerated curing
5.11.3.1 Curing by high-pressure steam, steam at atmospheric pressure … and reduce time
of curing.
83 6.1 Design of formwork
6.1.5 Design of formwork shall include considerations of the following factors:
(a) – (c).
6.2 Removal of forms, shores, and reshoring
6.2.1 Removal of forms
6.2.2.1 Before starting construction, the contractor shall develop a procedure … structure
during the process.
6.2.2.3 Form supports for prestressed concrete members shall not be removed … their
dad load and anticipated construction loads.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 7
Page# Section Highlight
85 6.3 Embedments in concrete
R6.3.1 Any embedments (e.g. conduits, pipes, and sleeves) … in such a manner the
structure will not be endangered.
6.3.2 Any aluminum embedments in structural concrete shall … electrolytic action
between aluminum and steel.
6.3.4 Conduits and pipes, with their fittings, embedded within a column shall not …
which is required for fire protection.
6.3.5.1 They shall not be larger in outside dimension than 1/3 … which they are
embedded.
6.3.5.2 They shall not be spaced closer than three diameter or widths on center.
86 6.3.6.3 They have a nominal inside diameter not over 2 in. and are spaced not less than
three diameters on centers.
6.3.8 No liquid, gas, or vapor except water … until the concrete has attained its design
strength.
6.3.10 Specified concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than …
in contact with ground.
6.4 Construction joints
87 6.4.2 Immediately before new concrete is placed all construction joints shall be wetted
and standing water removed.
6.4.4 Construction joints in floors shall be located within the middle third of spans of
slabs, beams, and girders.
6.4.5 Construction joints in girders shall be offset a minimum distance of two times the
width of intersecting beams.
89 7.2 Minimum bend diameters
7.2.1 Diameter bend measured on the inside of the bar, other than for stirrups … shall
not be less than the values in Table 7.2
90 Table 7.2 – Minimum diameter of bend
7.3 Bending
7.3.1 All reinforcement shall be bent cold.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 8
Page# Section Highlight
7.4 Surface conditions of reinforcement
7.4.1 At the time concrete is placed, reinforcement shall be free from mud … shall be
permitted.
7.4.2 Except for prestressing steel, steel reinforcement with rust … with applicable
ASTM specifications referenced in 3.5.
91 R7.5 Placing reinforcement
R7.5.1 Reinforcement, including tendons, and post-tensioning ducts should be adequately
… such as continuous longitudinal beam bolsters.
92 7.5.3 Welded wire reinforcement (with wire size not greater than W5 or D5) … is either
continuous over, or securely anchored at support.
7.6 Spacing limits for reinforcement
7.6.1 The minimum clear spacing between parallel bares … not less than 1 in.
7.6.2 Where parallel reinforcement is placed in two or more layers … not less than 1 in.
7.6.6 Bundled bars
7.6.6.3 Bars larger than No. 11 shall not be bundled in beams.
93 7.7 Concrete protection for reinforcement
7.7.1 Cast-in-place concrete (nonprestressed): Unless a greater concrete cover is
required by 7.7.6 or 7.7.8 … less than the following: (a) – (c).
7.7.2 Cast-in-place concrete (prestressed): Unless a greater concrete cover is required
by 7.7.6 or 7.7.8 … shall not be less than the following: (a) – (c).
7.7.4 Bundled bars: For bundled bars, minimum specified concrete cover shall not be
less than the … concrete cover shall not be less than 3 in.
96 7.8 Reinforcement details for columns
97 7.9 Connections
98 7.10 Lateral reinforcement for compression members
7.10.5.1 All nonstressed bars shall be enclosed by lateral ties, at least No. 3 … and
bundled longitudinal bars.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 9
Page# Section Highlight
7.10.5.2 Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed 16 longitudinal bar diameters … least
dimension of the compression member.
99 7.10.5.5 Ties shall be located vertically not more than one-half a tie spacing … drop panel,
or shear cap above.
104 7.13 Requirements for structural integrity
7.13.2 For cast-in-place construction, the following shall constitute minimum
requirements: 7.13.1 and 7.13.2.2 (a) – (b).
108 8.3 Methods of analysis
R8.3.1 Factored loads are service loads multiplied by appropriate … to obtain moments,
shears, and reactions.
111 8.5 Modulus of elasticity
R8.5.1 Measured values range from 120 to 180 percent.
8.6 Lightweight concrete
R8.6.1 Factor reflects the lower tensile strength of lightweight concrete … with normal
weight concrete of the same proportions.
112 R8.7 Stiffness
Two conditions determine whether it is necessary to consider torsional stiffness in
the analysis of given structure:(1) … twisting to maintain deformation
compatibility (compatibility torsion).
R8.8 Effective stiffness to determine lateral deflections
R8.8.1 For wind loading, it is desirable to maintain elastic behavior in members at
service loads conditions … properties of lateral deflection analysis under service
loads.
113 8.9 Span length
8.9.1 Span length of members not built integrally with supports … distance between
centers of supports.
8.9.4 It shall be permitted to analyze solid or ribbed slabs built integrally with supports
… width of beams otherwise neglected.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 10
Page# Section Highlight
115 8.12 T-beam construction
8.12.2 Width of slab effective as a T-beam flange shall not exceed one-quarter of the
span … each side of the web shall not exceed: (a) – (b).
8.12.3 For beams with a slab on one side only … width shall not exceed: (a) – (c).
8.12.5.2 Transverse reinforcement shall be spaced … nor farther apart than 18 in.
116 8.13 Joist construction
8.13.2 Ribs shall not be less than 4 in. in width … minimum width of rib.
8.13.3 Clear spacing between ribs shall not exceed 30 in.
8.13.5.2 Slab thickness over permanent fillers shall not be less … nor less than 1-1/2.
8.13.6.1 Slab thickness shall not be less than one-twelfth the clear distance between ribs,
nor less than 2 in.
8.13.7 Where conduits or pipes as permitted by 6.3 are embedded within the slab …
greater than the total overall depth of the conduits or pipes at any point.
119 9.1 General
9.1.1 Structures and structural members shall be designed to have … such combinations
as are stipulated in this code.
9.2 Required strength
121 9.2.7 For post tensioned anchorage zone design … prestressing steel jacking force.
R9.3 Design strength
R.9.3.1 The purposes of the strength reduction factor are: … to reflect the importance of
the member in the structure.
126 R9.4 Design strength for reinforcement: In addition to the upper limit of 80,000 psi
for yield strength of nonprestressed reinforcement.
R9.5 Control of deflections
R9.5.1 Two methods are given for controlling deflections. For nonprestressed beams …
or other construction likely to be damaged by large deflections.
127 Table 9.5(a) Minimum thickness of nonprestressed beams or one-way slabs unless deflections
are calculated.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 11
Page# Section Highlight
130 9.5.3.2 For slabs without interior beams spanning between the supports … shall not be
less than the following values. (a) and (b).
Table 9.5(c) Minimum thickness of slabs without interior beams.
132 9.5.5 Composite construction
9.5.5.1 Shored construction: If composite flexural members are supported during
construction so that … shall determine whether values in Table 9.5(a) for normal
weight or lightweight concrete shall apply.
135 R10.2 Design assumptions
R10.2.5 The tensile strength of concrete in flexure (modules of rupture) … percentages of
reinforcement, this assumption is in good agreement with tests.
137 10.3 General principles and requirements
140 10.4 Distance between lateral supports of flexural members
10.4.1 Spacing of lateral supports for a beam shall not exceed 50 times B, the least width
of compression flange or face.
10.5 Minimum reinforcement of flexural members
10.5.4 For structural slabs and footings of uniform thickness … times the thickness, nor
18 in.
141 R10.6 Distribution of flexural reinforcement in beams and one-way slabs
142 R10.6.6 In major T-beams, distribution of the negative reinforcement for control of
cracking should take into account … with some additional reinforcement required
to protect outer portions of the flange.
R10.6.7 For relatively deep flexural members, some reinforcement should be placed near
… to control cracking in the web.
143 10.7 Deep beams
10.7.1 Deep beams are members loaded on one face and supported on the opposite face
so that compression struts … and have either: (a) – (b).
144 10.9 Limits for reinforcement of compression members
145 10.9.2 Minimum number of longitudinal bars in compression members shall be 4 for
bars … and 6 for bars enclosed by spirals conforming to 10.9.3.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 12
Page# Section Highlight
154 R10.12 Transmission of column loads through floor system: The requirements of this
section are based on the effect of floor concrete strength on column strength …
special precautions need to be taken.
10.12.2 Strength of a column through a floor system shall be based on the lower value of
concrete strength with vertical dowels and spirals as required.
10.12.3 For columns laterally supported on four sides by beams of approximately … 75
percent of column concrete strength plus 35 percent of floor concrete strength.
155 10.13 Composite compression members
157 10.13.8 Tie reinforcement around structural steel core
10.13.8.3 Transverse ties shall have a diameter not less than 0.02 times … and are not
required to be larger than No. 5.
10.13.8.4 Vertical spacing of lateral ties shall not exceed 16 … the least side dimension of
the composite members.
161 R11.1 Shear strength
R11.1.1.1 Openings in the web of a member can reduce its shear strength.
164 11.2 Shear strength provided by concrete for nonprestressed members
166 11.3 Shear strength provided by concrete for prestressed members
169 11.4 Shear strength provided by shear reinforcement
11.4.1 Types of shear reinforcement
11.4.1.1 Shear reinforcement consisting of the following shall be permitted: (a) – (c).
11.4.1.2 For nonprestressed members, shear reinforcement shall be permitted to also
consist of: (a) – (c).
11.4.2 The values of … shall not exceed 80,000 psi for welded deformed wire
reinforcement.
11.4.7.7 Only the center three-fourths of the … considered effective for shear
reinforcement.
174 11.5 Design for torsion
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 13
Page# Section Highlight
183 11.5.4 Details of torsional reinforcement
11.5.4.2 Transverse torsional reinforcement shall be anchored by one of the following:
(a) – (b).
11.5.5 Minimum torsion reinforcement
185 11.5.6.2 The longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion shall be distributed … but not
less than 3/8.
190 11.8 Provisions for brackets and corbels
R11.8.2 A minimum depth is required at the outside edge of the bearing area so that a
premature … the outer sloping face of the corbel or bracket.
193 11.8.6 At the front face of bracket or corbel … of the following: (a) – (c).
11.8.7 Bearing area on bracket or corbel shall … transverse anchor bar (if one is
provided).
194 11.9 Provisions for walls
196 11.11 Provisions for slabs and footings
198 11.11.3 Shear reinforcement consisting of bars … 6 in. but not less than 16 times the shear
reinforcement bar diameter.
205 11.11.6 Openings in slabs: When openings in slabs are located at a distance less … shall
be modified as follows:
209 12.1 Development of reinforcement—General
12.1.1 Calculated tension or compression in reinforcement at each section … heads shall
not be used to develop bars in compression.
210 12.2 Development of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension
12.2.2 For deformed bars or deformed wire shall be as follows: highlight table.
211 12.2.4 The factors used in the expressions for … tension in 12.2 are as follows: (a) – (b).
213 12.4 Development of bundled bars
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 14
Page# Section Highlight
12.4.1 Development length of individual bars within … bundle, and 33 percent for four-
bar bundle.
12.5 Development of standard hooks in tension
12.5.2 For deformed bars … shall be taken as 1.0.
12.5.3 Length in 12.5.2 shall be permitted to be multiplied by the following applicable
factors: (a) – (c).
215 12.5.4 For bars being developed by a standard hook … paced not greater
than 3𝑑𝑏 along 𝑙𝑑ℎ.
216 12.5.5 Hooks shall not be considered effective in developing bars in compression.
218 12.7 Development of welded deformed wire reinforcement in tension
12.7.2 For welded deformed wire reinforcement with at least … shall be greater of
(equation) but not greater than 1.0 where s is the spacing between the wires to be
developed.
222 12.10 Development of flexural reinforcement—General
12.10.1 Development of tension reinforcement by … member shall be permitted.
225 12.11 Development of positive moment reinforcement
12.11.1 At least one-third the positive moment … extend into the support at least 6 in.
227 12.13 Development of web reinforcement
R12.13 Stirrups should be carried as close to the … ultimate load the flexural tension
cracks penetrate deeply.
228 12.13.2.3 For each leg of welded plain wire reinforcement forming simple U-stirrups,
either: (a) – (b).
12.13.2.4 For each end of a single leg stirrup of … closest to the face.
R12.13.2.4 Use of welded wire reinforcement … prestressed concrete industry.
229 12.13.3 Between anchored ends, each bend … stirrup shall enclose a longitudinal bar.
12.13.5 Pairs of U-stirrups or ties so placed … extend the full available depth of member.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 15
Page# Section Highlight
230 12.14 Splices of reinforcement—General
12.14.2.1 Lap splices shall not be used for bars larger than no. 11 except as provided in
12.16.2 and 15.8.2.3.
12.14.2.3 Bars spliced by noncontact lap splices … lap splice length, and 6 in.
12.14.3 Mechanical and welded splices
R12.14.3.4 A full welded splice is primarily intended … also adequate for compression.
231 12.14.3.5 Mechanical or welded splices not … accordance with 12.15.5.
R12.14.3.5 The use of mechanical or welded splices of … permitted minimum design criteria
of 12.15.5 are met.
12.15 Splices of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension
232 12.15.5.1 Splices shall be staggered at least 24 in.
12.16 Splices of deformed bars in compression
234 12.16.2 When bars of different sizes are lap spliced … no. 11 and smaller bars shall be
permitted.
12.16.4 End-bearing splices
12.16.4.2 Bar ends shall terminate in flat surfaces … 3 degrees of full bearing after
assembly.
12.17 Splice requirements for columns
235 12.17.2.4 In tied reinforced compression … used in determining effective area.
12.17.2.5 In spirally reinforced compression … shall not be less than 12 in.
236 12.18 Splices of welded deformed wire reinforcement in tension
12.18.1 Minimum lap splice length of welded … is calculated in accordance with 12.7 to
develop 𝑓𝑦.
237 12.19 Splices of welded plain wire reinforcement in tension
R12.19 The 2 in. additional lap required is to assure … to provide space for satisfactory
consolidation of the concrete between cross wires.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 16
Page# Section Highlight
12.19.1.1 Where 𝐴𝑠 provided is less than twice that … calculated in accordance with 12.8 to
develop 𝑓𝑦.
239 13.2 General
13.2.3 A panel is bounded by column, beam, or wall centerlines on all sides.
241 13.3 Slab reinforcement
13.3.2 Spacing of reinforcement at critical sections … provided as required by 7.12.
13.3.6.3 Corner reinforcement shall be provided … to one-fifth the longer span.
13.3.6.4 Corner reinforcement shall be placed … perpendicular to the diagonal in the
bottom of the slab.
242 13.3.8 Details of reinforcement in slabs without beams
243 13.3.8.3 Bent bars shall be permitted only when … 45 degrees or less.
244 13.4 Openings in slab systems
13.4.2.2 In the area common to intersecting … shall be interrupted by openings.
13.5 Design procedures
247 13.6 Direct design method
248 13.6.1.1 There shall be a minimum of three continuous spans in each direction.
254 13.7 Equivalent frame method
260 14.3 Minimum reinforcement
14.3.2 Minimum ratio of vertical reinforcement … shall be: (a) – (c).
14.3.3 Minimum ratio of horizontal reinforcement … shall be: (a) – (c).
14.3.4 Walls more than 10 in. thick … with the following: (a) – (b).
14.3.5 Vertical and horizontal reinforcement shall … nor farther than 18 in.
14.3.6 Vertical reinforcement need not be enclosed … not required as compression
reinforcement.
14.3.7 In addition to the minimum reinforcement … around window, door, and similar
sized openings.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 17
Page# Section Highlight
261 14.5 Empirical design method
14.5.3.1 Minimum thickness of walls shall not be … nor less than 4 in.
268 15.4 Moment in footings
15.4.2 Maximum factored moment … critical sections located as follows: (a) – (c).
270 15.7 Minimum footing depth
15.8 Transfer of force at base of column, wall, or reinforced pedestal
271 15.8.2.3 At footings, it shall be permitted … footing a distance not less than 𝑙𝑑𝑐 of the
dowels.
273 15.10 Combined footings and mats
15.10.4 Minimum reinforcing steel in nonprestressed … exceed 18 in.
276 16.4 Member design
R16.4.1 For prestressed concrete members not wider … temperature stresses in the short
direction.
277 16.5 Structural integrity
16.5.1.2 Where precast elements form floor … not less than 300 lb per linear ft.
278 16.5.2.1 Longitudinal and transverse ties shall be … plane of the floor or roof system.
279 16.5.2.2 Longitudinal ties parallel to the floor … transfer forces around openings.
16.5.2.4 Ties sround the perimeter of each floor … nominal strength in tension not less
than 16,000 lb.
16.5.2.5 Vertical tension ties shall be provided in all walls … shall be provided for each
precast panel.
284 17.3 Shoring: When used, shoring shall not be removed … cracking at time of
shoring removal.
285 17.6 Ties for horizontal shear
17.6.2 Ties for horizontal shear shall consist of … legs of welded wire reinforcement.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 18
Page# Section Highlight
288 18.2 General
R18.2.1 The design investigation should include all stages that may be significant. The
& R18.2.2 three major stages are: (1) … when the strength of the member is checked.
293 18.6 Loss of prestress
18.6.1 To determine effective stress in the … sources of loss of prestress shall be
considered: (a) – (f).
299 18.11 Compression members—Combined flexure and axial loads
18.11.2.1 Members with average compressive stress … for columns, or 14.3 for walls.
18.11.2.2 Except for walls, members with average … in accordance with (a) through (d):
(a) – (d).
18.12 Slab systems
301 18.12.4 For uniformly distributed loads, spacing of … on the slab section tributary to the
tendon or tendon group.
18.12.6 Except as permitted in 18.12.7, in slabs … bounded by the longitudinal
reinforcement of the column.
302 18.13 Post-tensioned tendon anchorage zones
18.13.1 Anchorage zone: The anchorage zone shall be considered as composed of two
zones: (a) – (b).
305 18.13.4 Nominal material strengths
18.13.4.3 Compressive strength of concrete at … at least 25000 psi for single-strand or bar
tendons.
18.13.5 Design methods
18.13.5.1 The following methods shall be … comprehensive tests: (a) – (c).
307 18.13.5.8 Tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected in calculations of reinforcement
requirements.
310 18.17 Post-tensioning ducts
18.17.2 Ducts for grouted single-wire, single-strand … least ¼ in. larger than the
prestressing steel diameter.
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 19
Page# Section Highlight
18.18 Grout for bonded tendons
18.18.1 Grout shall consist of Portland cement and water; or Portland cement, sand, and
water.
18.18.4.2 Temperature of members at time of … a minimum compressive strength of 800
psi.
18.18.4.3 Grout temperatures shall not be above 90 F during mixing and pumping.
311 18.20 Application and measurement of prestressing force
18.20.1 Prestressing force shall be determined by both of (a) and (b): (a) - (b).
312 18.20.4 Total loss of prestress due to unreplaced … 2 percent of total prestress.
18.21 Post-tensioning anchorages and couplers
313 18.21.4 Anchorages, couplers, and end fittings shall be permanently protected against
corrosion.
319 19.3 Design strength of materials
19.3.1 Specified compressive strength of concrete … less than 3000 psi.
19.3.2 Spedcified yoeld strength … shall not exceed 60,000 psi.
325 20.3 Load test procedure
20.3.3 A load test shall not be made until that … at least 56 days old.
326 20.4 Loading criteria
20.4.4 A set of response measurements shall be … for at least 24 hours.
378 22.2 Limitations
22.2.1 Use of structural plain concrete shall be limited to (a), (b), or (c): (a) – (c).
22.3 Joints
22.3.1 Contraction or isolation joints shall be … into flexurally discontinuous elements.
381 22.6 Walls
382 22.6.5 Empirical design method
1 Exam Prep – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary 20
Page# Section Highlight
382 22.6.6 Limitations
22.6.6.2 Except as provided in 22.6.6.3 … nor less than 5-1/2 in.
22.7 Footings
383 22.7.3 Plain concrete shall not be used for footings on piles.
22.7.4 Thickness of structural plain concrete footings shall not be less than 8 in.
384 22.8 Pedestals
22.9 Precast members
22.10 Plain concrete in earthquake-resisting structures
387 A.1 Definitions
417 D.1 Definitions
- Anchor
- Anchor pullout strength
- Cast-in anchor
- Edge distance
- Post-installed anchor
421 D.2 Scope
D.2.1 This appendix provides design requirements … or (b) safety-related attachments
and structural elements.
463 D.9 Installation of anchors