1. english song -- saturday night special

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1. English Song -- Saturday Night Special

Listen to the Song

Questions about the Song

2. Airport Security

4. Some Security Measures in Ancient Time

5. Security Situations in the USA

3. Security Systems

Terrorist Attacks on Sep. 11, 2001

Before Reading

President Bush’s AddressAmerican Campus Shooting


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Listen to the Song

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Questions about the Song

1. Who is Mr. Saturday Night Special?

The gun.

2. What is the message of the song?

It’s dangerous to have guns.


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Airport Security

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Security SystemsHold a discussion within students to see what equipment we usually use to keep us safe.

Security

dead-bolt locks _

_

security chains __

_ electronic alarm systems _

_

trip wires _

_ sliding glass doors

with steel bars

access cards

electronic X-ray equipment

high-intensity light

rape whistles

_

_


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BR （ SSMA ）

Some Security Measures in Ancient Time

The Great Wall

Castle


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The Great Wall

Listen and answer the following questions.

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The Great Wall

Listen and answer the following questions.

1. What was the aim of building the Great Wall originally?

To protect China’s northern border in the 3rd century BC.

2. Where are the ruins of the Great Wall located now?

From Bo Hai in the east to Gansu Province in the west.


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BR （ Castle ）

Castle

Castles were built in places where they could be easily defended. A position on high ground provided the defenders with a view of the surrounding countryside, making attacks more difficult. In flat areas, castles were surrounded by a protective moat.

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Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11, 2001

Word Matching

True or False


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Match the words in Column A which you will hear in the passage with the correct meanings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. dominate A. to be in a state of confusion

2. undeniable B. fall down

3. reel C. to control or govern

4. devastation D. severe damage

5. casualties E. people killed or injured in an accident

6. collapse F. unquestionably true KEYKEY


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Listen and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).


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BR （ tf2 ）Listen and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).



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1. The twin towers were located in upper Manhattan.

2. Many people claimed that the buildings went on well with the surroundings.

3. In 1993, the World Trade Center was attacked, but fortunately no one was hurt.

F( )

F( )

F( )


They were located in lower Manhattan.

Many critics stated that they didn’t relate to their surroundings.

Six people were killed and more than a thousand were injured.


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4. The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 happened in the morning.

5. The casualties of this terrorist attack were fewer than those of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

T( )

F( )


The terrorist attack on September 11 caused more lives than the attack on Pearl Harbor.


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President Bush’s Address On Sept. 11th

Ladies and gentlemen: This is a moment for America. I, unfortunately, will be going back to after my remarks. Secretary Rod Paige and the Lieutenant Governor ( 副州长 ) will take the podium ( 讲台 ) and discuss . I do want to thank the folks here at Booker Elementary School for their . Today we’ve had a national tragedy. Two have crashed into the Center in an terrorist attack on our country. I have spoken to the Vice President, to the of New York, Governor________

difficult ________Washington ___________

education_________

hospitality_________airplanes_________ World Trade___________

apparent________

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President Bush’s Address On Sept. 11th

to the Director of the , and have ordered that the full of the federal government go to help the victims and their families, and to conduct a full-scale to hunt down and to find those folks who committed this act. against our nation will not stand. And now if you would join me in a moment of . May God bless the victims, their , and . Thank you very much.

America_______

FBI____resources_________

investigation___________Terrorism________

silence______ families_______


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American Campus Shooting

Click the red arrows!


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Los Angeles:

On October 11, 1999, five students were fatally wounded in a Jewish community center.

Click to return!



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Springfield:

On May 21st, 1998, a freshman student opened fire with a semi-automatic rifle in a high school cafeteria, killing two students and wounding 22 others. The teenager’s parents were later found shot to death in their home.

Click to return!



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Littleton: On April 20th, 1999, two teenage students opened fire on classmates and teachers in their suburban Denver school, killing 15 people including themselves. Click to return!



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Fayetteville:On May 19th, 1998, a high school senior shot and killed another student in the school parking lot at Lincoln County High School. Click to return!


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Pearl: On October 1st, 1997, a 16-year-old student in Pearl, Mississippi, is accused of killing his mother, then going to school and shooting nine students. Two of them died. Click to return!


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Detroit: On December 11th, 1998, Wayne State University professor was shot and killed while collecting final exams from his engineering students when the gunman stepped into the classroom and opened fire with a rifle. The professor fell wounded to the floor, only to be shot again by the man who took the time to reload. Click to return!


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Global Reading

1. Part Division of the Text

2. Further Understanding

For Part 1

For Part 2

True or False

Supporting Facts for the Central Idea

Discussion

Sentence Completion

For Part 3 Questions and Answers

3. Word Scanning


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Part Division of the Text

Parts

Lines

Main Ideas

1 1~11

2 12~60

3 61~74

In America, the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close.

A new atmosphere of fear and distrust creeps into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security devices, in varied forms, are put to use.

By locking our fears out, we become prisoners of our own making.


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This phrase means the door is closed but unlocked.

True or False

1. The phrase “on the latch” means the door is closed and locked.

2. Nowadays, doors, not only in cities but also in rural areas, are locked. T( )

3. Urban streets are more dangerous than outskirts and country areas. F( )

4. In America nowadays, no one leaves his front door on the latch anymore.

F( )

T( )

Suburbs and country areas are more dangerous thanurban streets.


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In this part the author uses lots of facts to support his central point of view: America is deteriorating from “the Land of the Free” into “the most insecure nation”. Could you find any more supporting facts in addition to those listed below?

1.

2.

3.

Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas.

Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.

Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.


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6.

7.

8.

Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.

Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to determine whether the caller is telling lies or not. Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.

4. Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.Access cards are required of those who work with medium-to-large-size companies.

5.


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Discussion

In Line 19 to Line 22, the author mentions a public service advertisement by a large insurance company. Discuss the following questions.

1. What does this ad point out?

The lock is the new symbol of America.

2. What is the author’s purpose of using this example?


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Sentence Completion

Read Part 2 carefully and supply the missing information.

1. We have become so used to

and so

used to .

defending ourselves

against the new atmosphere of American life

putting up barriers

_________________

____________________________________

________________

2. We are satisfied when we think we are well-protected______________________________.

3. With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to

have figured out a way to hold the terrorists at bay_________________________________________.

4. We do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury__________________as a shadow.


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Questions and Answers

1) Under what excuse do people resort to all these means mentioned in Part 2?

In the name of “Security”.

2) Does the author think they are justified in doing so?

3) According to the author, what may be the legacy we remember best when we recall this era?

No. Because in the author’s opinion, America becomes the most insecure nation with all these means.

We became prisoners of ourselves when we deal with the unseen horrors among us.


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Word Scanning

Scan the text to find all the sentences containing the word “ ” or the word with “ ” as its root.

1.

Based on these sentences, summarize the main idea of this text.

2.

1) … the door was closed but not locked.( Line 3)2) It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm system … ( Line 12)3) The lock is a new symbol of America. ( Line 19)4) … the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock. ( Line 27)5) … we devise ways to lock the fear out. ( Line 62)6) We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in. ( Line 71)

lock

1) …doors do not stay unlocked ( Line 7)2) … a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it. (Line 22)

lock

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THE LAND OF THE LOCK

Bob Greene

In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch at night. I don’t know if that was a local term or if it is universal; “on the latch” meant the door was closed but not locked. None of us carried keys; the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it.

Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening.


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1. What do “local” and “universal” mean respectively?

“Local” means “of a particular place”, while “universal” means “common to all conditions, or situations”.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

我不知道这是当地的一种说法，还是大家都是这么说的……


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Paraphrase the sentence.

… doors are always locked, even just for a short period of time in the evening.


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on the latch: (of a door) closed but not locked

Let yourself in; the door is on the latch.

Don’t forget to leave the front door on the latch if you go to bed before I come back.


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rural: a. of, in or suggesting the countryside

庄稼种在乡村地区。

Crops are grown in rural areas.

By the year 2003 urban residents will outnumber rural residents in most developing countries.


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Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.


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vulnerable: a. exposed to danger or attack; unprotected

Compared with Saudi Arabian soccer team, the Chinese team is more vulnerable.

Your arguments are rather vulnerable to criticism.

你的论点相当容易受到批评。


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urban: a. of, situated in or living in a city or town

Motor vehicle emissions, to a large extent, are responsible for urban air pollution.

Collocation ：市区urban districts

城市人口the urban population

市区urban areas

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CF: urban & municipal “ ”这两个词都有都市的、城市的之意。urban 指以都市中心为主的行政区。例如：

如今，随着人口增长和交通工具增多，市区似乎变得更拥挤了。

Nowadays, as the population and vehicles increase, urban districts seem to be more crowded.

我们的政府历来都重视城市贫民的生活。

Our government has always paid much attention to the life of the urban poor.

主要指与城市、市镇或其政府相关的部门、服务机构，尤指市政府机构管辖下属于公共的、为公众服务的设施、事业等。例如

municipal

城市通常将税收用于教育、公安和消防部门、公共设施和市政建设。

Cities usually use taxes for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings.


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statistics: n. collection of information expressed in numbers

The statistics indicate that roughly every 22 years a major drought occurs in the United States.

collect/take statistics

进行统计


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tranquil: a. calm, quite and undisturbed

The old man is living a tranquil life in the country.

Visitors like to stay in this hotel because it is beautiful and located in a tranquil lake area.

tranquility: n. state of being tranquil

A sharp cry of surprise disturbed the tranquility of the night.

尖厉的惊叫声打破了夜晚的宁静。

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CF: tranquil & calm “ ”这两个词都有安静的、平静的之意。tranquil 指安宁的、平静的。例如：

我们在河岸上找到一块宁静的地方休息了一下。

We found a tranquil spot on the bank of a river to have a rest.

她在乡间一座偏僻的小村子里过着宁静的生活。

She has a tranquil life in the country, in a out-of-way little village.

表示平静的、镇静的，指一种毫无迷惑与兴奋的宁静状态。例如：calm

他径直走进自己的房间，脸色十分平静。He went straight into his room, his face quite calm.

灾难临头而她镇静自若。She remained calm on the face of imminent disaster.


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era: n. a period of history or a long period of time

Our era produces a host of heroes and heroines.

the era of space travel

The Christian era starts with the birth of Christ.

我们现在正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代。

We are now in a great new era of information.


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electronic: n. of or relating to electronics or devices and systems developed through electronics

Use of the Internet is replacing other forms of electronic communication.


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hook up to: connect or attach (sth.) to ( sth. else) with or as if with a hook

The alarm systems in the banks are hooked up to the local police station.

My computer is hooked up to the Internet, so I can communicate with my students at home via email.


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build in (into): make (sth.) as part of the structure

The cupboards in the kitchen are all built in.

We are having shelves built into the wall over the bed.


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pry: 1. vt. force sth. open or away from a surface

Her car trunk had been pried open and all her equipment was gone.

Can you help me pry the cover off this wooden box without breaking it?

你能不能帮我不打破这个木箱盖而撬开它 ?

Collocation ：到处窥探pry about

窥探，打听pry into

2. vi. look or inquire closely and curiously

Don’t pry into the affairs of others.


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It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.

The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.


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What can be commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant homes?

Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.


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What is the insurance company’s intention of running an ad with a picture showing a padlock attached to a kid’s bicycle?

The insurance company wants to show what danger people are in now because they may get the kid’s bicycle stolen.


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paste: vt. stick sth. with glue

A notice had been pasted to the door.

The young man pasted the pictures of his favorite singer on the wall.

这个年轻人将他最喜欢的歌手的照片贴在墙上。


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premise: n. 1) (pl.) all the buildings and land that an institution occupies on one site

I showed him off the premises.

The police think the thief is still on the premises.

There is a kitchen on the premises.

警察认为小偷仍在屋内。

sth. that you accept as true and use as a basis for another idea or way of thinking (usu. followed by that-clause)

2)

It was the lawyer’s premise that his client was innocent.I’m rather questioning whether the whole premise is correct.Collocation ：

假设 an assumed premise

站不住脚的假设an unsound premise


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feature:1. vt. give a prominent part to (sb./sth.)

a film featuring famous actors

The newspaper featured the story of the event.

报纸在显著位置报道那个事件。

n. a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic2.

Collocation ：独一无二的特征a unique feature主要特征a key feature

这出戏有两位著名的演员。

显著特征a notable feature以……为特色；注重make a feature of

The building contained many new features of construction.

The play featured two well-known actors.


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chart: n.

The chart showed the decline in the company’s sales during the year.The weather chart shows where rain fell over China yesterday.

Collocation ：编制图表compile a chart查看图表consult a chart流程图a flow chart统计图表a statistical chart

a diagram, picture, or graph which is intended to make information easier to understand


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The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock? For this is what has happened. We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean. For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected; it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened?


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The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock? For this is what has happened. We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean. For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected; it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened?

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barrier: n.The football fans broke through the barriers and rushed onto the pitch.The English Channel was a barrier against Nazi ground forces.

Collocation ：贸易壁垒trade barrier文化阻隔cultural barrier语言障碍language barrier地理阻隔geographical barrier

thing that prevents progress or movement

The police put a barrier across the road.

警察设了路障。


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Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives?

And it has taken over. If you work for a medium-to-large-size company, chances are that you don’t just wander in and out of work. You probably carry some kind of access card, electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and out of your place of work. Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys.”


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1. What is a medium- to large-size company?

A company which is between medium-sized and large-sized.

2. Paraphrase the structure “chances are that …”

It is very likely that …Example: Chances are that we will win easily. 我们很可能会轻松取胜。

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barricade:

Barbed-wire barricades blocked off all the main streets. Protesters have been putting up barricades across a number of major streets.

Collocation ：设置路障place/erect/set up/put up barricades拆除路障remove/demolish/tear down barricades

1. n. a barrier of large objects, intended to stop an enemy

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Workers in Spain barricaded roads and clashed with police.

barricade oneself against outside moral decay

2. vt. block with a barricade

Pattern: barricade oneself against

barricade oneself into

barricade oneself into one’s room

The families in this remote village have practically barricaded themselves into their homes.


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It wasn’t always like this. Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access. It simply didn’t occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people. Look at the airports. Parents used to take children out to departure gates to watch planes land and take off. That’s all gone. Airports are no longer a place of education and fun; they are the most sophisticated of security sites. With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay; it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.


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1. Paraphrase the structure “It occurs to sb. that …”

Sb. gets the idea that …Example: It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job. 我突然意识到可以用电脑来做这个工作。


那时管理人员根本没想到过恰当的手段是不信任他人。

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Finally, we found the way to keep away the terrorists, no matter whether they are real or imagined in our mind.


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hold/keep (sb.) at bay:prevent (an enemy, pursuers, etc.) from coming near

Eating oranges keeps colds at bay.

She left the light on at night to keep her fears at bay.


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We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance; the machines, and what they stand for, have won. Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow. Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller’s voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies. All this is being done in the name of “security”; this is what we tell ourselves. We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.


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The machines are thought to be able to tell the businessman whether his friend or client is telling lies with little probability of making mistakes.


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1. Why does the author use the quotation marks?

This is not real security. People are living in the illusion that they are properly protected by these security means.


“ ”所有这一切都是以安全的名义实施的 ; 我们是这么跟自己说的。

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sideways: a., ad. to, towards or from the side

Alfred shot him a sideways glance.

If you would move sideways to the left, I can get everyone on the picture.

We turned the table sideways to get it into the room.

我们把桌子斜向一边以便把它搬进房间里。


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stand for: represent; mean

What does NB stand for?

The symbol % stands for percent.

John always stands for what is right.

约翰一直支持正确的事情。


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analyze: vt. examine or think about sth. carefully, in order to understand itThe teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.

科学家分析了一下牛奶，发现里面水分过多。

The scientist analyzed the milk and found it contained too much water.


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margin: n. an amount by which a thing is won or falls short

Governor Bush won the election but by a small margin.

Collocation ：以微弱 /较大的多数；幅度较小 / 大地with/by a small/large margin

Demand for college education exceeds capacity by a large margin.With the improvement of their living conditions, people’s demand for air-conditioning has increased by a large margin.

margin of error: the degree to which a calculation might or can be wrongThe survey has a margin of error of 2.1%.

Obviously the figure is subject to a huge margin of error.


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error: n. mistake

Her name was omitted by error.

The accident was caused by human error.

Collocation ：承认错误admit/acknowledge an error纠正错误amend/correct/rectify an error犯错误commit/make an error

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CF: error, mistake & fault

这三个词都有“错误、缺点”之意。 error

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通常指由于疏误而导致的行动上的错误或偏差，在实际运用中多指由于背离某种标准的偏差。例如：

这是一个语法错误。This is an error in grammar.

这些是排印上的错误。These are printers’ errors.

mistake 多用于指缺乏正确的判断、理解、计算等而造成的错误，这种在行动或看法上的错误有时是无意的。例如：

老师在学生的书面作业中发现了几处拼写错误。

The teacher found several spelling mistakes in the pupil’s written answers.

我错拿了他的伞。I took his umbrella by mistake.


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fault 可表示人或物的缺点和毛病。用于人的过错时，多用于小且能宽恕的错误，含有当事人对造成的过错应负责任的意味。例如：

尽管他有这些缺点，他还是个好学生。With all his faults, he is still a good student.

这是你自己的过错。It’s your own fault.


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But no; with all this “security,” we are perhaps the most insecure nation in the history of civilized man. What better word to describe the way in which we have been forced to live? What sadder reflection on all that we have become in this new and puzzling time? We trust no one. Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their station wagon key chains. We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves. We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.


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1. Explain “we have all outsmarted ourselves.”

“Outsmart” means “gain the advantage over by cunning or cleverness”. “ We have all outsmarted ourselves” means “our cunning and cleverness result in our own disadvantage.”


我们在自我防卫方面变得如此聪明 , 最终全都聪明反被聪明误。

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civilize: vt. cause to improve from a primitive stage of human society to a more developed one

The African countries hoped to civilize all the primitive tribes on the land.

It must be admitted that the Romans helped to civilize many Europeans at that time.

非洲国家希望把非洲所有的原始部落都变成文明社会。

The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center has shocked the civilized world.


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reflection: n. 1) a thing bringing discredit or criticism (followed by on)

The fact that we all failed the test was a reflection on our teacher.

This is a reflection on your honor.reflecting (careful thinking) or being reflected 2)

On further reflection, she saw her mistake.

他沉思片刻后才回答。

After a minute’s reflection, he answered.

Collocation ：使人们对……产生鄙视（或怀疑）cast a reflection on指责（某人）ast/throw reflections on经再三思考on/upon reflection轻率，不经思考without reflection


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That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on this age: In dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves. All of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles.


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That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on this age: In dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves. All of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles.

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look back on: think about (sth.) in one’s past

I always look back on those days as the happiest time of my life.

When you look back on your life, what moments would you cherish the most?

当你回顾你的一生时，你最珍惜的是什么时候？


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After Reading

1. Useful Expressions

2. Spot Dictation

3. Mock Debate -- Have Gun, Will Shoot

4. Discussion

5. Writing Practice -- Cause and Effect Essays

6. Proverbs And Quotations

Introduction Procedure

Useful Expressions in Cause and Effect Writing

Homework


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Useful Expressions

2. 带钥匙

3. (暂时 )关闭

carry keys

close up

well-patrolled urban streets

the allegedly tranquil areas

6. …… 的时代结束了 the era of … is over

7. 电子报警系统 electronic alarm systems

8. 连接到 hook up to

4. 巡逻严密的城区街道

1. (门 ) 关着但没上锁

5. 据称很宁静的地区

on the latch


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Useful Expressions

9. 内置，嵌入 build in

10. 处于监控下

11. 设置路障

12. 保安

13. 不让靠近

under surveillance

put up barricades

security guards

hold/keep (sb.) at bay

14. 电子搜查器 electronic friskers

15. 看都不看一眼 without so much as a sideways glance

16. 代表；表示，象征 stand for


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Useful Expressions

17. 沉浸于，沐浴于 be bathed in

18. 误差率很小 / 大

19. 在人类文明的历史上

20. 聪明反被聪明误21. 回首（过去），回顾（以往）

with/by a small/largemargin of error

in the history of civilized man

outsmart oneself

look back on

22. 看不见的恐惧 unseen horrors


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Experts are beginning to study ways to large buildings against attacks. They are reacting to the attacks that the World Trade Center buildings in New York September eleventh. The American Institute of Steel Construction has created a working group of experts to the reasons the buildings fell. The A-I-S-C is the organization developing the rules for the design of buildings in the United States. developed by the working group will help A-I-S-C decide if the design rules should be changed.

Spot Dictation

Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words.

Planning for Safer Buildings

secure______

steel____

terrorist______destroyed________

investigate_________responsible

for__________

___Information_________

■


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The south World Trade Center building fell fifty-six minutes after a plane crashed into it. Thenorth building fell about one hundred minutes after a . Each building was four hundred tenmeters tall. Experts say the buildings could not the extremely hot fires caused by the airplane fuel.

Spot Dictation

Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words.

survive______

passenger_________

similar crash___________


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Mock Debate -- Have Gun, Will Shoot ( 有枪，就有凶杀 )

1. Complete the following table. Reason for allowing

handgunsReasons for not allowing

handguns

Dangerous society. If one person has one, more and more will buy them.


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2. In small groups, compare your answers. What are your own ideas on these questions?

1) Do you think having a personal gun is a good idea? Why or why not?

2) What would cause you to buy a personal gun?

3) Describe the circumstances that would make a gun a necessary part of every home.


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3. Prepare and debate on the following topic.

As is well known, gun control is a highly controversial issue in the United States. Some argue that guns must be placed under control; others maintain that there is no need for strict control of guns. Suppose you are two groups of Americans holding contrary views on gun control and debate the issue.


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Discussion

1. What do you think has led to deterioration in security in the US?

2. Is there a similar problem in other parts of the world today? If so, what can be done to better the situation?

3. What do you understand by the author’s remark “We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves”?


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Introduction

Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas.


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Procedure

Follow these steps when writing a cause and effect essay.

1) Distinguish between cause and effect.

2) Develop your thesis statement.

3) Find and organize supporting details.

You can organize details in the following ways:

4) Using appropriate transitions.


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Procedure

• Chronological

The following is an example of a chain reaction:

• Order of importance

• Categorical

Here is an outline example:


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• Chronological

The following is an example of a chain reaction:

Procedure

thought about a friend forgot to buy gas

car wouldn’t start missed math exam

failed math course


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Useful Expressions in Cause and Effect Writing

Cause and EffectDegrees of Certainty

Levels of ImportanceFor Causes For Effects

becausedue to one cause is another issince for firstsecond

consequentlyas a resultthus resulted in one result is another istherefore

certainlymay necessarilyperhaps possiblyprobablyundoubtedlyunquestionably

above allequally importantfinally first initiallylast primarilysecond


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Homework Describe some of the problems caused by overcrowding in cities causes and suggest at least one possible solution. Model

The twentieth century saw a major increase in the world’s population. Yet large parts of the globe remain uninhabitable, so people are drawn towards living in existing towns and cities. As a result our modern-day cities face a number of serious problems, which are due to overcrowding. Cities teeming with people are put under great strain to supply housing, health care, education, jobs and a certain quality of life for the inhabitants. The consequence of too dense a population is that one or all


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of these areas must suffer. Owing to being over-peopled Britain’s main cities all have a number of people living on the streets. Life must be extremely hard for these people and one effect of such a lifestyle is that drug abuse and crime rates rise. For this reason, we must look to the cause of the problem, which is simply an unchecked epidemic of people. Thus, governments must educate people to limit the size of their family. In China, couples are penalized financially as a consequence of having more than one child.



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This may seem cruel, but the “one-child policy” is beginning to have an effect on the world’s most populous nation. Such similar policies may also be necessary in other overcrowded nations and this, in turn, would eventually result in solving the problem of overcrowding in cities. (224 words)


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Proverbs and Quotations

1. Weapons bode (breed) peace.

武装预兆和平 / 有武装就有和平。

2. When guns speak it is too late to argue.

3. It is the man behind the gun that tells.

决定胜负的是枪炮后面的人。

枪炮发言时，争辩已太迟。


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4. Good order is the foundation of all things.-- E. Burke, British statesman

良好的秩序是一切的基础。— 英国政治家 E. 伯克

5. Punishment is justice for the unjust.-- Augustine, British writer

惩罚是对正义的伸张。 — 英国作家奥古斯丁

Proverbs and Quotations

1. english song -- saturday night special

Documents

f f f terrorist attacks

t f terrorist attacks

brtas1 terrorist attacks

false f

true t

song br qasquestions

following statements

true keyterrorist attacks