1 drug calculation 9/8/2015miss iman shaweesh. 2 fractions a fraction is part of a whole number. the...

$: 1 Drug Calculation 9/8/2015Miss Iman Shaweesh. 2 Fractions A fraction is part of a whole number. The fraction 6 means that there are 8 parts to the whole$
1

Drug Drug CalculationCalculation

04/19/23 Miss Iman Shaweesh

2

FractionsFractions A fraction is part of a whole number. The fraction A fraction is part of a whole number. The fraction 6 6

means that there are 8 parts to the whole 8 numbermeans that there are 8 parts to the whole 8 number..6 6 numerators numerators. .

8 denominators8 denominators

When the top number “numerator” is larger than the When the top number “numerator” is larger than the bottom number “denominator” divide the bottom bottom number “denominator” divide the bottom number “denominator” into the top number” number “denominator” into the top number” numerator”.numerator”.

Example Example 8 8 = 2 = 2 4404/19/23 Miss Iman Shaweesh

3

Changing mixed numbers Changing mixed numbers to improper fractionsto improper fractions

Multiply the whole number by the denominator of the Multiply the whole number by the denominator of the fractionfraction

Add this to the numerator of the fractionAdd this to the numerator of the fraction

Write the sum as the numerator of the fraction, the Write the sum as the numerator of the fraction, the denominator of the fraction remains the same.denominator of the fraction remains the same.

Example: 2 Example: 2 3 3 = = 8x2+38x2+3 = = 19 19 8 8 88 8 8


4

Finding a common Finding a common denominator for two or denominator for two or

more fractionsmore fractions To add and subtract fractions, the denominators To add and subtract fractions, the denominators

must be the same.must be the same.

Example: fraction with same denominatorExample: fraction with same denominator 55 – – 22 or or 33 + + 1 1 or or 33 + + 11 16 16 8 8 4 416 16 8 8 4 4 Different denominators in fraction with the same Different denominators in fraction with the same

value as the fraction in examplevalue as the fraction in example:: 55 – – 11 or or 33 + + 2 2 or or 33 + + 22 16 8 8 16 4 816 8 8 16 4 804/19/23 Miss Iman Shaweesh

5

Changing fractions to Changing fractions to equivalent fractionsequivalent fractions

Whatever you do to the denominator Whatever you do to the denominator multiply or divide by a number , you multiply or divide by a number , you must do the same to the nominator so must do the same to the nominator so that the value does not change.that the value does not change.

Example; Example; 33 and and 22 and and 11

8 3 48 3 4


6

Reducing fractions to Reducing fractions to lowest termslowest terms

To reduce a fraction to lowest terms, divide To reduce a fraction to lowest terms, divide the numerator and demonator by the largest the numerator and demonator by the largest same number that will divide evenly into same number that will divide evenly into both. When there are no whole numbers that both. When there are no whole numbers that can be used except one, the fraction is in can be used except one, the fraction is in lowest terms.lowest terms.

Example; Example; 66 ÷÷ 2 = 2 = 33

8 8 ÷ ÷ 2 = 4 2 = 4 04/19/23 Miss Iman Shaweesh

7

Metric systemMetric system

Memorize: Memorize: WeightWeight 1 1 mg “milligram” = 1000ug or mg “milligram” = 1000ug or

mcg”microgram”mcg”microgram” 1 g “gram” = 1000 mg “milligram”1 g “gram” = 1000 mg “milligram” 1kg”kilogram” = 1000 g “gram1kg”kilogram” = 1000 g “gram””

VolumeVolume 1 L “liter” = 1000 ml or 1000 cc 1 L “liter” = 1000 ml or 1000 cc


8

Metric conversions by Metric conversions by moving decimalsmoving decimals

Remember: Remember:

1000mg = 1 gm = 1000ug = 1mg1000mg = 1 gm = 1000ug = 1mg To convert grams “large” to To convert grams “large” to

milligrams ”small, multiply by milligrams ”small, multiply by 1000 or move the decimal point 3 1000 or move the decimal point 3 places to the right.places to the right.

Example: 5gm = 5.000 mg Example: 5gm = 5.000 mg

0.2g = 200 mg 0.2g = 200 mg 04/19/23 Miss Iman Shaweesh

9


To convert milligrams “small” to grams To convert milligrams “small” to grams “large”, divide by 1000 or move the “large”, divide by 1000 or move the decimal point 3 places to the left.decimal point 3 places to the left.

Example: 250mg = 0.25gExample: 250mg = 0.25g

20 mg = 0.02g20 mg = 0.02g


10


To convert milligrams “large” to To convert milligrams “large” to micrograms “small”, multiply by 1000 or micrograms “small”, multiply by 1000 or move the decimal point 3 places to the move the decimal point 3 places to the right.right.

Example : 5mg = 5000ugExample : 5mg = 5000ug 0.8mg = 800ug0.8mg = 800ug 0.05mg = 50ug0.05mg = 50ug


11


To convert micrograms “small” to To convert micrograms “small” to milligrams “large”, divide by 1000 or milligrams “large”, divide by 1000 or move the decimal point 3 places to the move the decimal point 3 places to the left.left.

Example : 2500ug = 2.5mgExample : 2500ug = 2.5mg 400ug = 0.4 mg400ug = 0.4 mg 10ug = 0.01 mg10ug = 0.01 mg


12

Rounded Medication Rounded Medication DosesDoses

When the medication supplied is not the same When the medication supplied is not the same strength as the ordered dose, recheck your order and strength as the ordered dose, recheck your order and calculate and check with the pharmacy with calculate and check with the pharmacy with pharmacy to see if there is strength available.pharmacy to see if there is strength available.

Example: you have to give 751 mg on hand is Example: you have to give 751 mg on hand is 300mg. Call the pharmacy.300mg. Call the pharmacy.

Example = tablets : scored Example = tablets : scored 1.8 tabs 2 tablets1.8 tabs 2 tablets 1.5 tabs 1.5 tablets1.5 tabs 1.5 tablets 1.4 tabs 1.5 tablets 1.4 tabs 1.5 tablets 1.2 tabs 1 tablet1.2 tabs 1 tablet04/19/23 Miss Iman Shaweesh

13

Rounding MillilitersRounding Milliliters To round to the nearest tenth, examine the To round to the nearest tenth, examine the

hundredths column. If it is 0.05 or greater, hundredths column. If it is 0.05 or greater, round up to the next tenth. If it is 0.04 or round up to the next tenth. If it is 0.04 or less, the tenths column remains the same.less, the tenths column remains the same.

Example:1.55 ml or 1.57 ml round to 1.6 Example:1.55 ml or 1.57 ml round to 1.6 mlml

1.53 ml or 1.54 ml round to 1.5 ml1.53 ml or 1.54 ml round to 1.5 ml


14

Rounding to the nearest Rounding to the nearest HundredthHundredth

To round to the nearest hundredth, To round to the nearest hundredth, examine the thousands column. If it is examine the thousands column. If it is 0.005 or greater, round up to the nearest 0.005 or greater, round up to the nearest hundredthhundredth

Example: 0.756: round to 0.76 Example: 0.756: round to 0.76

0.754: round to 0.750.754: round to 0.75


15

Rounding DropsRounding Drops

Drops are also small that it is impossible Drops are also small that it is impossible to divide them into parts. any remainder to divide them into parts. any remainder of 0.5 or above is given the next higher of 0.5 or above is given the next higher number.number.

Example: 31.4 drops per minute for a Example: 31.4 drops per minute for a gravity IV: infuse at 31 drops per minutegravity IV: infuse at 31 drops per minute

31.7 drops per minute for a gravity IV: 31.7 drops per minute for a gravity IV: infuse at 32 drops per minute.infuse at 32 drops per minute.


16

If an oral medication is to be If an oral medication is to be administered, use the calibrated special administered, use the calibrated special spoon, prefilled syringe, or dropper spoon, prefilled syringe, or dropper provided or draw it up in an appropriate provided or draw it up in an appropriate syringe without the needle to the exact or syringe without the needle to the exact or nearest measurable amount. Then transfer nearest measurable amount. Then transfer it to medication cup promptlyit to medication cup promptly


17

RULERULE: always round to the nearest : always round to the nearest measurable calibration on the equipment measurable calibration on the equipment you are using.you are using.

To avoid overdosing the patient, never To avoid overdosing the patient, never round up liquid medications to the nearest round up liquid medications to the nearest whole number. If the answer is 1.7 ml, DO whole number. If the answer is 1.7 ml, DO NOT round up to 2 ml. Use a syringe with NOT round up to 2 ml. Use a syringe with the appropriate calibrations to measure an the appropriate calibrations to measure an exact dose.exact dose.


18

One Step Metric Ratio and One Step Metric Ratio and Proportion CalibrationProportion Calibration

Place the known metric equivalents from Place the known metric equivalents from the metric tables on the left. the metric tables on the left.

Be sure to select the equivalent with the Be sure to select the equivalent with the same terms as your problem such as “mg same terms as your problem such as “mg to g”, and place the unknown on the right to g”, and place the unknown on the right side of the equation in the same order as side of the equation in the same order as shown below.shown below.


19

KnownKnown Want to knowWant to know Proof Proof

1000mg :1g : 40 mg x g 1000 X 0.04 = 40 1000mg :1g : 40 mg x g 1000 X 0.04 = 40 40mg = 0.04g 40mg = 0.04g

(mg :g : mg : g) 1 X 40 = 40(mg :g : mg : g) 1 X 40 = 40

1000 1000 X X 4040

1000 10001000 1000

X = 0.04 g “always label problems & answers”X = 0.04 g “always label problems & answers”

Example : ordered 50 mg Unit dose on label : 25 Example : ordered 50 mg Unit dose on label : 25 mg /tab “ medication dose problem”mg /tab “ medication dose problem”


20

Place what you have on hand or what you know “ label Place what you have on hand or what you know “ label unit dose” on the left and what is ordered “want to have unit dose” on the left and what is ordered “want to have or know” on the right. Follow through with your math. or know” on the right. Follow through with your math.

Know Know Want to knowWant to know ProofProof

25mg :1 tab: 50mg : X tab 25 X 2 = 50 25mg :1 tab: 50mg : X tab 25 X 2 = 50 Give 2 tabsGive 2 tabs

2525 X X 5050 = 2 1 X 50 = 50 = 2 1 X 50 = 50

25 2525 25

X = 2 tabsX = 2 tabs


21

Understanding units& mEq Understanding units& mEq in medication Dosagesin medication Dosages

Milliequilavents : mEq : represents the number of Milliequilavents : mEq : represents the number of grams of solute dissolved in a milliliter of solution.grams of solute dissolved in a milliliter of solution.

mEq/L :equals one thousandth of 1g of a specific mEq/L :equals one thousandth of 1g of a specific substance dissolved in a liter of a solution.substance dissolved in a liter of a solution.

mEq/ml : equal one thousandth of 1g of a specific mEq/ml : equal one thousandth of 1g of a specific substance dissolved in ml. 2 mEq equal 1mlsubstance dissolved in ml. 2 mEq equal 1ml


1 drug calculation 9/8/2015miss iman shaweesh. 2 fractions a fraction is part of a whole number. the...

Documents