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DIET FOR CANCER PREVENTION

TOTAL HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTION PROGRAM

(PHASE IV)

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Single abnormal cell

multiply out of control

form tumors

invade healthy tissue

WHAT IS CANCER?

spreading to other parts of body

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When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis (A). Cancer cells avoid apoptosis and continue to multiply in an unregulated manner (B).

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CAUSES OF CANCER

Air pollution

Toxic chemicals

Food

Irradiation

Lifestyle

genetic

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Male female

Most common Cause of death Most common Cause of death

Prostate cancer (33%)

lung cancer (31%)

Breast cancer (32%)

lung cancer (27%)

lung cancer (13%)

Prostate cancer (10%)

lung cancer (12%)

Breast cancer (15%)

Colorectal cancer (10%)

Colorectal cancer (10%)

Colorectal cancer (11%)

Colorectal cancer (10%)

Bladder cancer (7%)

Pancreatic cancer (5%)

Endometrial cancer (6%)

Ovarian cancer (6%)

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CAUSES OF CANCER

80% of all cancers are due to identified factors potentially preventable

30% are due to tobacco use 35-50% of cancers directly linked to dietary

choices It is easy to control these and other risk

factors

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Cancer symptoms

1. Local symptoms: unusual lumps or swelling (tumor), hemorrhage (bleeding), pain

2. Symptoms of metastasis (spreading): enlarged lymph nodes, cough, enlarged liver, bone pain, fracture of affected bones and neurological symptoms.

3. Systemic symptoms:weight loss, poor appetite & wasting, excessive sweating (night sweats), anemia and specific paraneoplastic phenomena

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CAN CERTAIN FOODS PREVENT CANCER?

LUNG CANCER

• Smoking is mostly responsible

• Carotenoids in vegetables and fruits are clinically proven protective against lung cancer

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PROSTATECANCER

• Vegetables-soy in particular – may decreased the risk

• High fat diet may increased the risk

• Lycopene – a potent antioxidant may help lower the risk

CAN CERTAIN FOODS PREVENT CANCER?

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BREAST

CANCER

high level of estrogen during woman’s reproductive life increased the risk of breast cancer Diets high in mono-unsaturated fat and high in fibers may reduced the riskAlcohol consumption increases the risk

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BOWEL

CANCER

• Up to 70% of cases can be prevented by healthy lifestyle

• Physical activity and diet high in vegetables and fiber are protective against this cancer

• High red meat intake and alcohol may increase the risk

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Take a break !!

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GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR AN ANTI-CANCER DIET

1. Reduced unhealthy dietary fat

4. Limit or eliminate consumption of alcoholic beverages

6. Restrict sodium intake

2. Cut down on meat

5. Remove known carcinogens from diet

3. Eat plenty of fiber

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1. REDUCE UNHEALTHY DIETARY FAT Fat cell can split easily contribute to high

population of free radicals Free radicals damage the cell’s DNA structure

mutation can occur lead to formation and growth of cancerous cell

Saturated fat and trans fat are two most damaging fats

Primary source of saturated fat is animal products = meat, seafood, whole-fat milk & milk product, eggs

Trans fat (hydrogenated oils) come from heating vegetables oils (mainly in commercial prepared baked goods, margarines and processed foods)

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2. CUT DOWN ON MEAT

High level of fat consumption is related with highest death rates from breast and colon cancer

Limit consumption of meat esp. high fat meat (2-3 servings a day)

Choose white meat (fish and chicken) instead of red meat

Prepare meat by baking, broiling or poaching rather than frying or charbroiling

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3. EAT PLENTY OF FIBER

Fiber moves cancer-causing compounds out of the body

Also thought to dilute potential carcinogens and effect hormone production

Recommended 20-30 grams fiber per day Fiber only found in plant sources Eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables each

day Vegetables contains cancer fighting substances =

antioxidant

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ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCES

Unstable oxygen molecules called free radicals attack cell membranes damage the DNA beginning of cancer

Antioxidants can neutralize the damaging effect of oxygen

Vitamin B,C, E, beta-carotene and selenium acts as antioxidant

Vegetables, fruits, grains and beans contain antioxidant

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4. LIMIT OR ELIMINATE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Higher risk of liver, breast, rectum, mouth, esophagus, digestive tract and lung cancer

Combination of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking has a synergistic effect more likely to cause cancer

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FOOD PYRAMID   

Consume MOST(8-12

servings)

Consume More(3-5 servings)

Consume in MODERATION(1-2 Servings)

Consume LITTLE

Consume in MODERATION(1-2 Servings)

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Eat to meet your needs!

HEALTHY TIPFats and oils contain essential fatty

acids and vitamins A, D, E, K.

Consume LITTLE

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Consume in MODERATION (1-2 servings)

One Serving Equals …1 glass of milk1 cup yoghurt1 slice cheese

HEALTHY TIPMilk is an important part of a child's

diet

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One Serving Equals …1 medium-sized chicken drumstick

1 medium-sized ikan kembong2 matchbox-sized lean meat

5 dessert spoon headless ikan bilis

Note: One (1) matchbox lean meat= 1 piece tempeh

= 1 hard tauhu= 2 dsp peanut butter

= ½ cup dried legumes/beans= 4 dsp shelled small prawns

HEALTHY TIPCombining a variety of legumes gives you high quality protein.

Consume in MODERATION (2-3 servings)

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Consume More(3-5 servings)

One Serving Equals …½ medium-sized guava1 small to medium whole orange, pear or apple1 medium-sized banana1 slice papaya, pineapple, watermelon

HEALTHY TIPTake fruits as desserts to endeach meal in a healthier way.

One Serving Equals …½ cup cooked dark green leafy vegetables with edible stems½ cup cooked fruit or root vegetables

HEALTHY TIPDon’t destroy the vitamins in your vegetables with over-cooking.

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One Serving Equals …1 slice of wholemeal bread

½ cup cooked rice½ cup soaked bihun, mee or pasta

½ side-plate-sized capati1 cup plain rice porridge

½ cup ready-to-eat breakfast cereal1 medium-sized potato

3 plain biscuits

HEALTHY TIPChoose wholegrain cereal and cereal

products to help meet your fibre needs.

Consume MOST(8-12 servings)

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Take a break !!

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Activity 1:

1.Regarding to the Food Pyramid, make a menu for breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner

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5. REMOVE KNOWN CARCINOGENS FROM DIET

DID YOU KNOW WHAT IS

CARCINOGEN?

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CARCINOGENS

Cancer causing substances found in food and in method of cooking.

Attact DNA and alter it It takes years for a noticeable tumor to

develop During this time, compound known as

inhibitors can keep the cells from growing Some vitamins in plant foods are known to be

inhibitors.

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TIPS FOR AVOIDING CARCINOGENS

Avoid foods that look or smell moldy

Do not cook oils on high heat

Beware of cured, dried and

preserved meatsGo easy on the

barbecue

Steer clear of smoked foods

Buy organic if possible

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SPECIFIC FOODS HAVE THE MOST PREVENTATIVE EFFECT FOR CANCER

BEANS rich in fiber Contain several chemicals that boost immunity to cancer

CRUCIFEROUS VEGE (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower)

ability to stop the growth of cancer cellsDecreased risk for lung, stomach and colorectal cancers

DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGE

High in fiber, folate and antioxidants Carotenoids effective in inhibiting the formation of breast and skin cancer tumors

GRAPES high level of polyphenolSlow the growth of cancer cellsInhibit the formation of tumors in lymph, liver, stomach and breast cancer

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kale

CRUCIFEROUS VEGE

Bok choy

collard

arugala

watercress

broccoli

cauliflower

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GARLIC Natural antibiotic and immune system enhancerFree radical attackerIncreases the enzymes that break down carcinogens in the bodySlowing or stopping the growth of tumors

GREEN TEA Best source of catechinsInhibit specific enzyme that lead to cancerRepair cellular damage by free radicalsInhibit or block cancer development

TURMERIC Has an active ingredient called curcuminShown resistance to colon, breast, liver, oral, skin and stomach tumors

SPECIFIC FOODS HAVE THE MOST PREVENTATIVE EFFECT FOR CANCER

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SOY FOOD Contains phytoestogensWeaker form of estrogenReducing the probability of developing cancerProtect against breast cancerLow the risk of prostate cancer

TOMATOES Contain phytochemical lycopeneLower risk of cancer (prostate, stomach, lung)Highest anti-cancer potential when taken in a processed form (tomato sauce, paste and juice) because of easier absorption

YOGURT Reduced risks of breast and colon cancer

SPECIFIC FOODS HAVE THE MOST PREVENTATIVE EFFECT FOR CANCER

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MOST POTENT NUTRIENTS IN FIGHT AGAINST CANCER

NUTRIENT FOOD SOURCE

Vitamin A Fish liver oils, liver

Beta carotene Orange, yellow and dark green leafy vegetables

Vitamin B2 Whole and enriched cereals and breads, lean meat, milk, eggs, liver

Vitamin B6 As for vit.B2 and bananas

Folic acid Leafy green vegetables, meats

Pantothenic acid Legumes, salmon, whole grains

Vitamin C Citrus fruits, berries, broccoli, bell peppers

Vitamin E Leafy green vegetables, egg yolk, liver

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MOST POTENT NUTRIENTS IN FIGHT AGAINST CANCER

NUTRIENT FOOD SOURCE

Selenium Garlic, legumes, fish

Iron Liver, peas, egg yolk

Zinc Liver, oysters, soybeans, sunflower seeds

Magnesium Green leafy vegetables, nuts, seafood

Manganese Bananas, pineapple, nuts, bran

Protein Lean meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, legumes

Antioxidants Citrus fruits, legumes, whole grain

Phytonutrients All plant sources of food, especially dark and bright colored fruits and vegetables

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Take a break !!

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CONCLUSION

CANCER PROTECTIVE DIETS ARE BUILT FROM PLANT-

BASED FOODS:

Rich in complex carbohydrates, vitamin

and minerals

Rich in cancer fighting phytochemical

High in fiber

Naturally low in fat, salt and cholesterol-free

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CONCLUSION

Build your diet from a variety of

fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes

Include daily servings of bright-colored fruits and

vegetables and dark green leafy vegetables

Reduced foods from animal sources

Select foods low in fat and salt

Choose minimally-processed foods

STEPS YOU CAN TAKE TO MAXIMIZE THE CANCER

FIGHTING POWER OF YOUR DIET

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CONCLUSION

IMPORTANT STEPS TO KEEP YOUR BODY STRONGAND HEALTHY

Maintain a healthy weight

Incorporate physical activity into your daily

routine

Avoid drinking alcoholic

beverages

Completely avoid using tobacco in any form

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ACTIVITY 2:

Record your typical one day intake from wake up in the morning to before going to bed at night

Then list out the food that contain preventative effect for cancer

Please be honest!

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ACTIVITY 3:

Do we need supplements pills in our diet to prevent cancer?

Give the reason (to support your answer)

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THANK YOU